【创新设计】高考英语基础复习 增分策略阅读与理解 写作意图题把握体裁抓住高频词 北师大版(1).doc

【创新设计】2015届高考英语基础复习 增分策略阅读与理解 写作意图题把握体裁，抓住高频词 北师大版阅读与理解(14)写作意图题(把握体裁，抓住高频词)故事典故类阅读故事和典故一直是人们茶余饭后消遣的重要方式之一，无论是小孩还是大人都有许多精彩的故事，因此，此话题也是高考常涉及到的话题之一。美文赏析todays word，pan，takes us back to the days of the gold rush in california.on january 24th,1848，a man named james wilson marshall discovered gold in california.the news spread quickly.thousands rushed west.they traveled on foot，on horseback and by boat to reach the gold fields.by 1849，the great gold rush was on.towns and cities grew overnight. throughout californiain the mountains，along the streams and riversthousands of people searched for gold.some found areas of mountain rock thick with gold.these men got rich.but such areas were few and quickly claimed by the first men to find them.others searched for gold in the rivers coming down the mountains.they were after pieces of gold that the rains had washed down from above.the only way to find this gold was by panning.first a gold miner put dirt in a metal pan and added water.then he shook the pan so that the water would wash the dirt.slowly，he poured the water out of the pan.if he was a lucky miner, pieces of gold would remain.across the nation，newspapers carried stories of the gold being found.each one hoped that the place he claimed panned out wellhad some gold.for many，gold mining did not pan out.for a few，it panned out well.but in time，huge machines were built that could wash many tons of dirt at a time.panning died out.the word，however，remained in the language.today, americans still say，“it panned out well，”when something they have done pleases them.a business，a discovery，a simple event pans out well if it is successful.unhappily，sometimes things do not pan out.in recent years，the word pan has taken on another meaning.today，it also means to criticize.how it got this meaning is hard to discover.but the job of a critic is to sometimes pan the work of a writer，artist or singer.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍pan这个英语单词的一些典故。一、阅读与积累1攻克疑难词汇gold rush 淘金热die out消失take on雇佣；开始具有，呈现；承担these insects can take on the colour of their surroundings.这些昆虫能够呈现出与其周围环境相同的颜色。critic n评论家，批评家2攻克疑难句others searched for gold in the rivers coming down the mountains.they were after pieces of gold that the rains had washed down from above.结构分析coming down the moutains 为后置定语，可以改为定语从句which/that came down the mountains，修饰先行词the rivers；that the rains had washed down from above为定语从句，修饰先行词pieces of gold。尝试翻译其他人在山脚下的河流中找黄金，寻找被雨水冲刷下来的黄金。二、理解与尝试命题1理解文章主旨the passage mainly tells us the_quotation_of_the_english_word_“pan”. 2阅读理解尝试命题请你依据阅读理解写作意图题型的特点，给下列试题写出干扰项，然后叫你的同桌试做一下。whats the purpose of this passage?a_bto introduce the word “pan”in american english.c_d_参考答案ato tell us some stories about the gold rush.cto teach us how to look for gold in rivers.dto introduce the history of the gold rush in california.3解题技巧点拨阅读理解写作意图题解题技巧：把握体裁、抓住高频词不同文章体裁体现出作者不同的写作意图，因而在做这类题时，我们一方面要把握体裁，另一方面要抓住文章中的高频词，即反反复复出现的词，才能突破写作意图题。不同的文章体裁体现不同的写作风格。记叙文一种是纯记事，另一种是记事要达到一种目的，即告诉我们一个道理或者是对人生的领悟。说明文主要是对事物或现象的发生、变化、特征或功能进行介绍，其目的在于对所写事物进行解释，回答“怎么样”“为什么”之类的问题。这样的写作意图题体现为tell the reader.，introduce，explain，analyse等字眼。议论文是一种说理性的文章，一般由论点、论据和论证过程组成。议论文都要提出论题、观点、提供充分的证据(evidence)，使用一定的逻辑方法证明观点或得出结论。阅读议论文的关键是：抓论题、抓观点。这样的写作意图题体现为argue(证明，说服)，advocate(提倡，主张)，discuss等字眼。真 题 典 例(2014南京模拟)christmas is long gone，and valentines day is a distant memory.that means its a slow time for jewelers，and a good time for you to make a purchase.whether youre out shopping for gold, or silver，here are a few things you need to know：what determines price?the purity of the metal is one of the elements that determines the price.gold purity is indicated with a stamp of 10k,14k,18k，or 24k. and different countries have their own standards.for example，for a piece to be considered gold in the us，it must be at least 10k.in britain and canada：9k.in italy and france：18k.anything over 18k is really too soft for everyday wear.thats why jewelry stores in the us sell mostly 14k.how much can you expect to pay?that depends on the weight of the metal and the gemstone(宝石)so keep that in mind，especially when buying online.to keep yourself from getting_ripped_off，ask yourself the following：how long has the company been around?what is its return policy？is the jewelry featured on the website visible from all directions?is the company transparent with the gram weights and the size of the gemstones?yellow gold? white？rose?yes，its confusing，and while this is largely a personal decision, there are a few things to keep in mind.for starters，white or rose gold costs about 10%more than yellow gold.if you want the“look for less”， consider goldplated jewelry.“gold plated”and“gold overlay”mean the same thing and guarantee a thicker layer of finish than“vermeil”which is a flash finish that is thinner and less consistent，but more affordable.buy vermeil finished pieces you want for a season or two just to follow the fashion.for pieces you want to wear for a lifetime，solid gold is the best.what about sterling silver(标准纯银)?sterling silver has been an alternative for white gold during the difficult economy，and while it used to be more popular with just the younger these days it has much more mass appeal.so much so that retailers are now offering fine gemstones with silversomething you used to see only with gold.keep in mind that in the us，the sterling silver standard is 92.5% real silver.dont buy it if there isnt a“925”stamp on it.and keep in mind that the lower price youre paying for silver means more maintenance.to keep silver jewelry from becoming less shiny，consider keeping a piece of chalk in your jewelry box.the author writes the passage mainly to_.aencourage young people to buy fashionable jewelrybtell people the best time to purchase gold and silvercintroduce the real value and popularity of gold and silverdinform people of the factors to consider in buying jewelry答案d写作意图题。本文介绍了选购和保养金银首饰时需要考虑的因素。故选d项。学 以 致 用my father was 44 and knew he wasnt going to make it to 45.he wrote me a letter and hoped that something in it would help me for the rest of my life.since the day i was 12 and first read his letter，some of his words have lived in my heart.one part always stands out.“right now，you are pretending to be a time killer. but i know that one day，you will do something great that will set you among the very best.”knowing that my dad believed in me gave me permission to believe in myself.“you will do something great.”he didnt know what that would be，and neither did i，but at times in my life when ive felt proud of myself，i remember his words and wish he were here so i could ask，“is this what you were talking about，dad？should i keep going？”a long way from 12 now，i realize he would have been proud when i made any progress.lately，though，ive come to believe hed want me to move on to what comes next：to be proud of，and believe in，somebody else.its time to start writing my own letters to my children.our children look to us with the same unanswered question we had.our kids dont hold back because theyre afraid to fail. theyre only afraid of failing us.they dont worry about being dis