山西省山阴县高考英语阅读理解（5）(1).doc

山西省山阴县2014高考英语阅读理解（5）及答案【广东省广州市调研测试】steven spielbergs new movie lincoln paints a vivid and breath-taking picture of the 16th u.s. president and his determination to end slavery. spielberg based his film on parts of team of rivals, a book by doris kearns goodwin. he makes abraham lincoln relevant today by presenting a cunning political mind trying to overcome washingtons all too familiar political divisions.in previous movies, lincoln was shown as a simple yet almost perfect man. but spielbergs lincoln is different. “i was determined to make a movie about a working president dealing with real problems. not some angel,” spielberg said.we watch the president first ending slavery and then the war.the films adviser, historian eric martin, explains how lincolns thinking evolved.“his main objective when the war began was not the freeing of the slaves but to keep the country united. lincoln realizes that in order to keep the country together, the question of slavery will have to be addressed,” martin said.the film focuses on the last four months of his presidency.in the movie, the arguments among political enemies seem very similar to the problems we see in washington today. the disagreements were bitter.the film turns to lincolns relationships with his wife and kids, his beliefs and constant self-examination. daniel day-lewis, the actor who plays lincoln, offers an oscar-worthy performance as the 16th president. not only is his physical similarity to the president incredible, he is able to capture many of lincolns mannerisms and his high-pitched, almost lady-like voice. “i found it very easy to play the role of lincoln because the real man himself was so open. when i was researching his history to prepare for the part, one of the most surprising things i found was just how accessible he was. even in war-time, when he was in great danger, he was always willing to meet with others and share his ideas,” day-lewis said.spielbergs lincoln will head to the oscars. but more important it will make history.41. what does spielberg say is different about his movie of lincoln? a. it is based on a book called “team of rivals”. b. it mainly shows how cunning lincoln was. c. it focuses on how he worked as a politician. d. it describes how determined he was.【答案】c【解析】细节理解题。根据i was determined to make a movie about a working president dealing with real problems.主要集中于林肯是作为一个政治家是怎样工作的，故选c。42. according to martin, abraham lincoln _. a. started the war to free the slaves b. ended slavery to keep the country united c. was killed because of his military failure d. was forced to free the slaves【答案】b【解析】细节理解题。根据lincoln realizes that in order to keep the country together, the question of slavery will have to be addressed,林肯要结束奴隶制度保持国家统一，故选b。43. which of the following is true about the actor who plays lincoln? a. he looks very similar to lincoln. b. his performance is very lady-like. c. he won an oscar for his performance. d. he believed he really was lincoln.【答案】a【解析】细节理解题。根据not only is his physical similarity to the president incredible, he is able to capture many of lincolns mannerisms and his high-pitched, almost lady-like voice演员看起来要和真正的林肯长相相似，故选a。44. what is the authors opinion about the movie? a. it reflects historical facts. b. it is controversial. c. its performances arent realistic. d. it is of high quality.【答案】d【解析】细节理解题。根据spielbergs lincoln will head to the oscars. but more important it will make history.作者对这部电影的评价很高，故选d。45. in what section in a newspaper can this passage most probably be found? a. people in history b. entertainment c. lifestyle d. politics【答案】b【解析】细节理解题。根据短文主要介绍了电影的内容可知应该出现在娱乐节目，故选b。passage thirty-two (the young generation) old people are always saying that the young are not what they were. the same comment is made from generation to generation and it is always true. it has never been truer than it is today. the young are better educated. they have a lot more money to spend and enjoy more freedom. they grow up more quickly and are not so dependent on their parents. they think more for themselves and do not blindly accept the ideals of their elders. events which the older generation remembers vividly are nothing more than past history. this is as it should be. every new generation is different from the one that preceded it. today the difference is very marked indeed. the old always assume that they know best for the simple reason that they have been around a bit longer. they dont like to feel that their values are being questioned or threatened. and this is precisely what the young are doing. they are question the assumptions of their elders and disturbing their complacency. office hours, for instance, are nothing more than enforced slavery. wouldnt people work best if they were given complete freedom and responsibility? and what about clothing? who said that all the men in the world should wear drab grey suits and convict haircuts? if we ruin our minds to more serious matters, who said that human differences can best be solved through conventional politics or by violent means, who said that human difference can best be solved through conventional politics or by violent means? why have the older generation so often used violence to solve their problems? why are they so unhappy and guilt-ridden in their personal lives, so obsessed with mean ambitions and the desire to amass more and more material possessions? can anything be right with the rat-race? havent the old lost touch with all that is important in life? these are not questions the older generation can shrug off lightly. their record over the past forty years or so hasnt been exactly spotless. traditionally, the young have turned to their elders for guidance. today, the situation might be reversed. the oldif they are prepared to admit itcould learn a thing or two from their children. one of the biggest lessons they could learn is that enjoyment is not sinful. enjoyment is a principle one could apply to all aspects of life. it is surely not wrong to enjoy your work and enjoy your leisure; to shed restricting inhibitions. it is surely not wrong to live in the present rather than in the past or future. this emphasis on the present is only to be expected because the young have grown up under the shadow of the bomb: the constant threat of complete annihilation. this is their glorious heritage. can we be surprised that they should so often question the sanity of the generation that bequeathed it?1. which of the following features in the young is not mentioned?a. better educated. . more money and freedom.c. independence. d. hard work.2. what so the young reject most?a. values. . the assumption of the elders.c. conformity. c. conventional ideas.3. why do the young stress on the present?a. they have grown up under the shadow of the bomb. they dislike the past. c. they think the present world is the best.d. they are afraid of destruction.4. what can the old learn from the young generation?a. enjoyment is not sinful. . people should have more leisure time.c. men might enjoy life. d. one should enjoy ones work.vocabulary1. reminder 使共回想起某事的东西，提示者2. complacency 自鸣得意，自满情结3. take leave 擅自，任意，随意 i took leave to consider this matter settled. 请原谅我认为这事已经解决了。4. conformity 与一致，遵从5. guilt 有罪，内疚6. ridden （ride 的过去分词）受支配的，受压迫7. guilt-ridden 负罪感8. amass 积累，积聚9. a rat-race 激烈的竞争10. shrug off 对耸肩表示不屑一理，轻视，摆脱11. spotless 无污点的，纯洁的12. shed 摆脱，抛弃13. annihilate 歼灭14. bequeath 赠送，把传给后代15. sanity 头脑清醒健全难句译注1. convict haircut. convict 义：罪犯。罪犯和短发两字合在一起为“囚犯理的发式”。但在这里其含义根据上下文决定。前面讲到“谁说世界上所有的男人都应穿浅灰色的西装”，后面只能译成“剪成像罪犯似的短发呢”。本义有haircut义：修理整齐的短发。整齐划一表示绅士派的工作人中作风正派，认真负责，一丝不苟的精神。作者用了convict罪犯一字表示讽刺：“罪犯也是整齐划一的短发跟绅士们的要求一样，难道他们也是作风正派，认真负责，一丝不苟吗？”写作方法与文章大意这是一篇论及“代沟”的文章。主要采用对比手法，一开始就提出了一个老问题：“老人们经常说年轻人不是从前那样了。这一评语代代相传，永远是对的，而今天比以前任何时候更正确。”下面几段就论述他们之不同点以及对比老少两代人的态度。答案祥解1. d. 艰苦工作。这在第一段中第四句“青年一代受了更好教育，有大量的钱话，有更多的自由。他们成长的很快，不那么依赖于父母，他们独立思考得更多，不盲目接受老一代的理想。”a. 受更好的教育。 b. 更多的钱和自由。 c. 独立性。这三项均提及到。2. c. 顺从。第二段集中讲到这一点。“因为老人们经常认为自己懂得多，理由就是他们经历得多。他们不喜欢自己的价值观受到怀疑或威胁。而这正是青年在做的。他们对老人们的设想提出疑问，打乱他们的自鸣得意。他们甚至敢于怀疑老一代创造了世界上可能最佳的社会。他们最反对的莫过于顺从。例如：他们说办公时间就是强制奴役，如果人们完全自由，绝对负责，他们的工作不会更好吗？而穿衣呢？谁说世界上所有的男人都该穿单调的灰色西装和剪成像罪犯似的短发？。”这些词语都表示他们最反对的东西是遵从，“一致性”。所以a. 价值。 b. 长者的设想。 d. 传统习俗观念。都是具体的某一点。3. a. 他们在炸弹的阴影下成长。第三段倒数第四句起“由于年轻人是在炸弹战争的阴影下成长壮大：在不断受到全面歼灭的威胁之下，所以也只能期望他们重视目前。这是他们的光荣遗产。他们经常询问赠给他们遗产的这代人的头脑是否清醒。对此我们能表示惊讶吗？”遗产指的是第二段的种种问题所体现出来的东西，如：“谁说人类之差异能通过常规政策或暴力手段予以很好的解决？为什么老一代人常用暴力来解决他们的问题？为什么他们（老一代）个人生活那么不愉快。老有负罪感？为什么老纠缠于要积聚越来越多的物质财富？。”b. 他们不喜欢过去。 c. 他们认为现世界是最好的。 d. 他们害怕破坏。4. a. 享受不是犯罪。这在第三段中间“老年人如果他们准备承认的话可以从他们的孩子们那里学到一两件事。他们能学的最大的课堂之一是享受不是犯罪。”“享受”是人可适用于生活各个方面的原则。从工作中获得乐处，享受闲暇时间，肯定不是错误。抛弃约束限制，生活在现在而不是生活在过去肯定也不是错。b. 人们应有更多的闲暇。 c. 人可以享受生活。 d. 一个人应当享受工作。【四川省绵阳市2014高考英语一模试题】ean early invention by albert einstein has been rebuilt by scientists at oxford university. they are trying to develop an environmentally friendly refrigerator that runs without electricity.we all know that modern fridges cause damage to the environment. they work by using a kind of man-made greenhouse gas called freon (氟里昂), which is far more damaging than carbon dioxide.now malcolm mcculloch, an electrical engineer at oxford, is leading a three-year project to develop appliances that can be used in places without electricity.his team has completed a prototype (样机) of a fridge patented in 1930 by einstein. it used only pressurized gases to keep things cold. the design was partly used in the first refrigerators, but the technology was dropped when more efficient compressors (压缩机) became popular in the 1950s. that meant a switch to using freon.einsteins idea uses butane (丁烷) and water and takes advantage of the fact that liquids boil at lower temperatures, when the air pressure around them is lower.if you go to the top of mount qomolangma, water boils at a much lower temperature than it does when youre at sea level and thats because the pressure is much lower up there, said mcculloch.at one side is the evaporator (蒸发器), a bottle that contains liquid butane. if you introduce a new vapor above the butane, the liquid boiling temperature decreases and, as it boils off, it takes energy from the surroundings to do so, says mcculloch. thats what makes it cold.the gas fridges based on einsteins design were replaced by freon-compressor fridges partly because einsteins design was not very efficient. but mcculloch thinks that by changing the design and replacing the types of gases used it will be possible to quadruple (翻两番) the efficiency.however, mccullochs fridge is still in its early stages. its very much a prototype, he said. give us another month and well