【备考 志鸿优化设计】（湖南专用）中考英语总复习 专题九 非谓语动词（语法专项突破+系统梳理+提升演练）（含解析） 人教新目标版 (2).docVIP

语法专项突破专题九非谓语动词非谓语动词在句中不可单独用作谓语，不受主语人称和数的限制，在句中可以用作其他句子成分。非谓语动词有三种形式：动词不定式、动名词和分词。考点一动词不定式动词不定式在句中可以作除谓语以外的一切成分：主语、宾语、宾语补足语、主语补足语、表语、定语和状语。1动词不定式作主语时，往往用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语动词不定式置于句末。常用句式：it is （not）adj.（for/of sb.）to do sth.。to swim in the river is dangerous.its dangerous to swim in the river.在河里游泳是危险的。2作表语。往往置于连系动词be，seem等之后。my job is to look after my sister.我的工作是照看我的妹妹。3作宾语。常见的后面接不定式作宾语的动词有：agree，begin，start，decide，expect，learn，like，manage，pretend，want，try，wish，forget，remember，help等。dont forget to close the door.别忘了关门。4作定语。动词不定式作定语时，要置于被说明和修饰的名词之后。i have something to tell you.我有事要告诉你。i need a house to live in.我需要一栋房子住。5作状语，表明目的、结果或原因等。my little sister is too young to go to school.我的小妹太小而不能上学。（结果状语） he opened the door for her to come in.他打开门让她进来。（目的状语）6作宾语补足语。i expect you to write to me.我盼望你给我来信。i asked him to show me his new dictionary.我请求他给我看看他的新词典。温馨提示：常接不定式作宾语补足语的动词有want，ask，tell，warn，wish，would like，order，use，invite，get，allow，expect，encourage，hate等。但在使役动词（make，let，have）和感官动词（see，hear，watch，notice，feel等）后，要把作宾补的不定式结构中的to省略。 不定式可以和疑问词who，what，which，why，when，how，where等连用，构成“疑问词不定式”结构，通常用于下列动词之后：tell，teach，know，wonder，learn，show，find out，ask，understand 等。when to go there hasnt been decided yet.什么时候去那儿还没定下来。（作主语）can you tell me where to exchange the money?你能告诉我哪里能换钱吗？（作宾语）the problem is how to tell her the news.问题是该怎么把这个消息告诉她。（作表语）考点二动名词动名词由“动词原形ing”构成，与现在分词同形。动名词既有动词的性质，也有名词的性质，可作主语、宾语、表语或定语。1作主语eating too much junk food is bad for our health.吃太多垃圾食品对我们的身体健康有害。温馨提示：动名词和动词不定式作主语，在许多情况下可以通用，但动名词作主语多表示抽象或多次的行为，不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。2作表语my mothers job is cooking.我母亲的工作是做饭。3作宾语i dont mind listening to that story again.我不介意再听一遍那个故事。温馨提示：其后常接动名词的动词及动词词组有finish，enjoy，practice，mind，keep，consider，miss，avoid（避免），suggest，admit，be worth，have fun（in）/have difficulty（in）/problem（in）/trouble（in），waste time（in），cant help等。4作定语，表明它所修饰的词的用途lets join the singing group.让我们加入合唱队吧。a working method 工作方法5其后既可以接动名词，也可接动词不定式的动词有 love，like，prefer，begin，start，continue，remember，try，stop，forget，hate，go on等。考点三分词分词分为现在分词和过去分词。1区别：（1）现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动。the man standing by the window is our teacher.站在窗边的人是我们的老师。the building built last year has become our lab.去年建的楼已成了我们的实验室。（2）现在分词表示事物本身所具有的性质，意为“令人的”；过去分词表达由外界引起的内心活动，意为“感到的”。the exciting news令人兴奋的消息the excited look激动的表情常用的还有：interesting/interested，tiring/tired，boring/bored，surprising/surprised，amazing/amazed。（3）现在分词表示正在进行的动作，过去分词表示完成的动作。2用法：（1）作定语：单个分词作定语一般放在所修饰的词的前面，短语作定语常放在所修饰的词的后面。the question being discussed is important to us.正在被讨论的问题对我们很重要。the excited people rushed into the building.激动的人们冲入了大楼。（2）作状语：分词或分词短语可以作时间、原因、方式、结果、伴随等状语。being a student，i must study hard.作为一名学生，我必须努力学习。（原因状语）he ran out of the room，crying loudly.他大声哭着从房间里跑出来。（伴随状语）（3）作表语。the movie is interesting.这部电影很有趣。the door is broken.门破了。（4）作宾语补足语，一般用在see，hear，notice，feel，have等动词之后与宾语构成复合宾语。i saw a cat running across the street.我看见一只猫跑过街道。i must have the bike repaired.我必须找人修修自行车。温馨提示：不定式与分词都可跟在某些动词之后作宾语补足语。不定式作宾语补足语，表示动作发生的全过程；现在分词作宾语补足语，强调动作正在发生；过去分词作宾语补足语，侧重于表示被动的概念。when they went into the school，they saw some boys playing football.当他们走进校园时，他们看见一些男孩在踢足球。（正在做）do you often see them play basketball?你常看他们打篮球吗？（全过程）he spoke loudly to make himself heard clearly.他大声说以便让别人听清他的话。（他的话被听）1（2012湖南怀化中考，28）remember_off the lights when you leave the classroom.aturnbto turncturning 2（2012湖南永州中考，27）please tell me _ next.ahow to do it bwhat to do it chow do it3（2012福建宁德中考，37）please tell the students_ quiet in class.akeep bkeeping cto keep4（2012湖南衡阳中考，26）try to sing more english songs，and you will find it interesting _ a foreign language.alearning blearns cto learn 5（2012 湖南湘潭中考，24）it is polite _ a gift when you visit somebody for the first time.atake btaking cto take6（2012四川成都中考，37）parents often ask their kids _ their internet friends because the kids may be in danger.ato meet bnot to meet cmeeting7（2012黑龙江齐齐哈尔中考，33）lisa is a little poor at chinese.i think she needs _it every day.apractice to speakbto practice speakingcpractice speaking8the house is too small for his family _.ato live in bliving in clive in9fang fang is old enough_to school.agoes bto go cwent10lucy kept me_for over twenty minutes.ato wait bwaiting cwaited11the boy_in the teachers office was found_yesterday.astanding；smoke bstanding；smoking cstood；smoke12wheres mr yang，do you know?well，its hard to say.but i saw him _ a football game just now.awas watching bwatching chad watched13john was made_the truck for a week as a punishment.awash bwashing cto wash14the old man didnt know _ when the house caught fire.awhat to do bhow to do cwhat to do it15how do you feel when you watch the national flag go up?it makes me _ very proud.afelt bto feel cfeel16people spent two hours _ the fire.ato put off bputting out cputting on17no one knew why the women kept _ at the party.alaugh bto laugh claughing18science is so difficult!i think you should keep on _ hard.astudy bto study cstudying19the old man is ill and he doesnt feel like _.ato eat somethingbto eat anythingceating anything20tom，your hair is too long，and you should have it _ this weekend.ok，i will do it this sunday.acutted bcut cto cut参考答案 专题九非谓语动词专题提升演练1bremember to do sth.“记得去做某事”。2a考查“特殊疑问词动词不定式”作宾语。b项应该去掉it；c项how后跟动词不定式。故选a项。3ctell sb.to do sth.“告诉某人做某事”。4cit在此作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。5citsadj.to do sth.“做某事”。故选c项。6bask sb.not to do sth.“要求某人不要做某事”。7bneed 作实义动词其后跟动词不定式作宾语；practice doing sth.“练习做某事”。故选b项。8a句意：这个房子对他的家庭来说住在里面太小了。本题考查动词不定式作后置定语。9b句意：芳芳上学足够大了。enough.to do sth.意思是“足够干某事了”。10b句意：露西