【步步高】高考英语一轮复习 Unit 1 Friends and Friendship同步导学 重庆大学版必修3(1).doc

【步步高】2015届高考英语一轮复习 unit 1 friends and friendship同步导学 重大版必修3.重点单词识记1enlarge /inld/ vt.扩大2offer /f(r)/ vt.提供；提出；n.提供；提议，提出之物3culture /klt(r)/ n文化4._casual /kl/ adj.感情不深的；疏远的5distant /distnt/ adj.冷漠的；不友好的6greeting /riti/ n问候7overlook /vlk/ vt.忽略；俯瞰8tolerate /tlreit/ vt.忍受；承受9honour /n/ vt.尊敬；给以荣誉10approach /prt/ vt.接近；靠近11salary /slri/ n薪水；工资12ease /iz/ vt./vi.减轻13risk /risk/ vt.使面临危险；冒险14attack /tk/ n发作；侵袭；伤害；攻击15wrap /rp/ vt./vi.包裹，缠绕16friend /frend/ n朋友friendly adj.友好的friendship n友谊17. interest /intrst/ n兴趣，利益interesting adj.有趣的；有意思的interested adj.感兴趣的18situate /siteit/ vt.使位于；使处于situation n情况；情形19delight /dilait/ vt.使高兴；n.高兴delighted adj.高兴的delightful adj.令人高兴的；使人快乐的20sinkable /sikbl/ adj.会沉没的sink vi.下沉；沉没21embarrass /imbrs/ vt.使尴尬；使难为情embarrassed adj.尴尬的；难为情的embarrassing adj.使人难为情的22imagine /imdin/ vt./vi.想像imagination n想像23cautious /ks/ adj.小心的；谨慎的caution n小心；谨慎24suffer /sf(r)/ vt./vi.受苦；吃苦头；感到疼痛、悲伤等suffering n痛苦；苦恼；折磨25pain /pein/ n痛苦；苦恼；折磨painful adj.痛苦的26disappoint /dispint/ vt.使失望；使沮丧disappointment n失望；沮丧disappointed adj.失望的；沮丧的.重点短语识记1at_first首先2be_interested_in_doing_sth.对于感兴趣3in_a_very_general_way一般地；宽泛地4base_on/upon建于之上5. out_of从中6fade_away逐渐消失7for_a_while一会儿8by_chance偶然地9pick_up重新开始；继续10leave_off_停止11be_delighted_in/delight_in为(某事而)高兴12in_a/the_blink_of_an_eye一眨眼工夫13. bark_at指狗、狼等的吠叫14die_of死于15suffer_from_遭受；受苦.经典原句默写与背诵1he doesnt understand the_way_americans_view_friendship.他不明白美国人看待友谊的方式。2in the united states，as_situations_change，friendships may fade away in a short time.在美国，随着情况的变化，友谊在很短的时间内可能会淡去。3if the same two persons meet again by chance，even years later，they pick up the friendship where_it_left_off_and_are_delighted.如果两个人又偶然相遇，哪怕是在数年以后，他们中断的友谊仍可以重新开始，而且两人都会为此感到极为高兴。1teachers have no tolerance for any cheating on exams.(tolerate)2the internet is viewed by many as a revolutionary education tool.(view)3he risked being late for the interview to send the old man to hospital.(risk)4everything is within walking distance.(distant)5carries fourteen now，and all shes interested in is clothes.(interest)6how has this situation come about？(situate)1offer sb.sth.offer sth.to sb.主动把某物提供给某人offer sb.sth.for some money 索价卖某物给某人offer to do sth.主动提出做某事make an offer to do sth.主动提出做某事we offered her the house for $700 yesterday.昨天我们以700美元卖给了她那所房子。my uncle has offered to pick us up.我叔叔主动开车来接我们。 词义辨析provide，supply，offerprovide指事先准备好必需品来供应。supply指补给不足的人员、物资等，尤指大量供应、供给等。offer指(主动)向某人提供某物。用法如下：为某人提供某物夯实基础用provide，supply，offer的适当形式填空he offered her some useful advice and，in return，she provided/supplied him with a good meal.2 distance n距离；间距；遥远at a distance隔一段距离；距离稍远in a distance在远处from a distance从远处keep sb.at a distance对某人冷淡，与某人疏远within walking distance在步行可及的地方bobs face shows a light and distant smile.鲍勃的脸上挂着淡淡的、冷漠的微笑。my parents live within walking distance of me.我父母住在我家附近。夯实基础用适当的介词填空(1)i saw some smoke in the distance.(2)its better for you to keep him at a distance.3 at (ones) ease轻松；安逸；自由自在with ease容易地put sb.at (ones) ease使某人自在；使某人舒适anne is intelligent and capable of passing her exams with ease.安妮很聪明，能够轻松通过考试。i gave him some brandy to ease the pain.我给他喝了些白兰地以减轻疼痛。夯实基础用含有ease的短语填空(1)we live in an age when more information is available with greater ease than ever before.(2)to feel at_ease，try closing your eyes，then opening them slowly just before the photo is taken.4 risk sth./doing sth.冒着的危险at risk处于危险之中at the risk of sth./doing sth.冒着的风险take/run the risk of doing sth.冒着的危险做某事take a risk/risks to do sth.冒险做某事tom risked losing his job to help you out of the trouble.汤姆冒着失去工作的危险去帮助你摆脱困境。at the risk of showing my ignorance，how exactly does the internet work?也许我难免显得无知，可互联网到底是怎样工作的呢？夯实基础(1)i wouldnt run/take_the_risk_of(冒着的危险) being late for work.(2)he saved the child at_the_risk_of_his_life(冒着生命危险)5 suffer v.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦，受难，受折磨(to be badly affected)；遭受，经受(experience)；得病suffer pain/defeat/hardship 遭受痛苦/失败/艰难suffer from受折磨；患病suffering n痛苦；苦恼；让人痛苦的事on the other hand，they also suffer from less respect and lower pay，working all day on the street no matter whether it shines strongly or snows，winds heavily.另一方面，他们不受尊重，报酬很低，整天在马路上劳作，不管烈日炎炎还是狂风暴雪。(2013广东读写任务)特别提醒suffer和suffer from一般不用于被动语态。夯实基础 用suffer的适当形式填空(1)after the flooding，people were_suffering in that area，who urgently needed clean water，medicine and shelter to survive.(2)shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and being reduced to ruins，the city took on a new look.单项填空1the faces of four famous american presidents on mount rushmore can be seen from a _ of 60 miles.alength bdistancecway dspace答案b解析“a distance of数字”表示“的距离”。2janes always nervous when she has to make a speech；she must accustom herself to be _ when she is with people.aat ease bin disguisecat risk din relief答案a解析at ease轻松，安逸，符合上下文语境。3it is reported that the government has lightened the burden on the students.oh，today we are still _ from heavy school work，_ at preparing us for the entrance examinations.asuffering；aimed bsuffered；aimedcsuffered；aiming dsuffering；aiming答案d解析sb.be suffering from sth.某人正遭受；aiming at.作伴随状语，意为“目的在于”。4it is said that the mountain is more beautiful _.ain the distance bin a distancecat the distance dwithin a distance答案a解析句意为：据说此山在远处看会更美丽。in the distance意为“在远处”，符合题意。at a distance意为“隔开一定距离，不接触”。5tom rescued the child at the _ of his own life.adanger bexpensecrisk dcost答案c解析句意为：汤姆冒着自己的生命危险救了那个孩子。at the risk of冒着的危险，为固定短语。.汉译英1我们的地球正遭受着严重的破坏。(suffer)(2013江苏书面表达)our_earth_is_suffering_severe_damage.2总之，我们应该向需要的人提供帮助和爱心。(offer)(2011湖南写作)in_a_word，we_should_offer_our_help_and_love_to_the_persons_in_need.1the old woman died_of grief after her sons death.2buses can pick_up and drop off people at bus stops.3with our knowledge based_on practice，we can make great contributions to our society.4they left_off sweaters when the weather got warm.5many areas along the river often suffer_from floods in summer.1 be based on/upon以为根据(基础)base.on/upon.把建立在；以为根据basis n原因，缘由；基准，准则；方式；基础on the basis of在基础上basic adj.基础的；基本的actually，teaching is an art based on science.事实上，教学是一门建立在科学基础上的艺术。one should always base his opinion on facts.人们应该总是把观点建立在事实的基础上。夯实基础 用base的适当形式填空(1)youll be able to choose a room based on your personal tastes.(2)were going to be meeting there on a regular basis.(3)basing an important decision more on emotion than on reason，you will regret it sooner or later.2 leave aside不予考虑；搁置一边leave behind遗忘；将抛在后面leave out省去；遗漏；不考虑be/feel left out被冷落；觉得被忽视/冷落be left over剩下；残留he left off playing the piano to answer the door.他停止弹钢琴前去开门。夯实基础用适当的介、副词填空(1)leaving the expense aside，do you actually need a second car?(2)i think i left my credit card behind at the restaurant.(3)lets start again from where we left off.(4)he hadnt been asked to the party and was feeling very left out.单项填空1what are you mailing，ryan?a textbook _ a new method of teaching physics.i want my friends to take a look at it.ais based on bbased oncbasing upon dwhich based upon答案b解析形容词短语based on a new method.作后置定语修饰a textbook。将d 项改为which is based upon也对。2here is a photo of my family taken 10 years ago.can you _ my brother?the boy in yellow，i guess.apick up bpick outctake in dtake up答案b解析问句第二句句意为：你能辨认出我弟弟吗？pick out辨认出。3the teacher stressed again that the students should not_any important details while retelling the story.abring out blet outcleave out dmake out答案c解析句意为：老师进一步强调让学生们在复述故事时不要漏掉任何重要的细节。bring out阐述，使明白；let out发出，泄露(秘密等)；leave out遗漏；make out理解，辨认出。.汉译英我们第二天早晨开车去机场接苏姗。(pick up)we_drove_to_the_airport_the_next_morning_to_pick_up_susan.用所给动词的适当形式填空(1)dont leave him waiting(wait) outside in the rain.(2)the fans waited for hours，hoping(hope) to see the movie star.(3)although working(work) from morning till night，his father didnt get enough money for the house loan.(4)i just had to stand there，being_stared(stare) at by all those people.(5)the road joining(join) the two villages is very wide.1 we were a little worried that sam would feel jealous to have his territory invaded，but we decided to risk it and agreed to take a kitten.我们有点担心山姆会因为领地受到侵犯而嫉妒，不过，我们还是决定冒险，同意了养一只小猫。have sth.done中过去分词作宾补，表示被动的含义，有时也可用get sth.done来替换，该结构的意思是“使某事被做”，有时翻译成“请人做某事”或“主语遭遇到某事”。have sb.do sth.让某人做某事have sb./sth.doing.让某人一直做某事(某事处于某种状态)，用于否定句，have表示“容忍、容许”之意。have sth.to do.有事要做，have意为“有”。youd better have your car running slowly.你最好把车子开慢点。i usually have my clothes washed on sundays，but i dont wash my clothes myself.我通常在星期天洗衣服，但不是自己洗。夯实基础用所给动词的适当形式填空(1)i wont have you talking(talk) to your mother like that.(2)you can have money directly deposited(deposit) into your account.2 she was very active and raced around as if she were running after imaginary mice.她非常活跃，跑来跑去，好像在追逐想像中的老鼠(1)as if/though可引导表语从句和方式状语从句。若从句描述的情形和实际相反，从句要用虚拟语气：与现在事实相反的假设，从句谓语动词用过去时；与过去事实相反的情况，从句谓语动词用过去完成时；与将来事实相反的情况，从句谓语动词用would/could do。(2)如果从句所表示的内容与事实相符，则使用陈述语气。(3)as if/though引导的从句可用省略形式，后面直接跟名词、不定式、形容词、介词短语或分词。he acted as if he had nothing to learn.他表现得好像没有东西可学一样。it looked as if it had been spraypainted.它看起来好像是喷过漆的。夯实基础用所给动词的适当形式填空(1)the patient opened his mouth as if to_say(say) something.(2)he talks about hong kong as if he had_been(be) there before.(3)jackie looks after his younger sister as if he were(be) an adult.单项填空1the director had her assistant _ some hot dogs for the meeting.apicked up bpicks upcpick up dpicking up答案c解析have sb.do sth.叫某人做某事。句意为：主任叫她的助手顺便为会议买了些热狗。2it looks _ you are ill.you should go to see the doctor.aas bas thoughcwhich dwhether答案b解析it looks as if/though.为固定句型，表示“看起来似乎”，故选b项。3_at my classmates faces，i read the same excitement in their eyes.alooking blookcto look dlooked答案a解析句意为：看着我的同学们的脸庞，我读懂了他们眼中同样的兴奋。look与句子的主语i之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词形式。.汉译英随着教师节的临近，我们班决定举办一场晚会来庆祝这个重要的日子。(as)(2012陕西书面表达)as_teachers_day_was_approaching，our_class_decided_to_hold_a_party_to_celebrate_the_important_day.1i got to the office earlier that day，_the 730 train from paddington.(2013大纲全国，25)acaught bto have caughtcto catch dhaving caught答案d解析句意为：早晨730从帕丁顿乘火车，那天我很早就到达了办公室。此处为现在分词短语作原因状语，因为catch这一动作发生在谓语动词get之前，故用现在分词的完成式。2a good listener takes part in the conversation，_ ideas and raising questions to keep the talk flowing.(2013浙江，12)arealizing bcopyingcoffering dmisunderstanding答案c解析句意为：一个好的倾听者参与进对话中时，要出主意、提问题，使得谈话流畅进行。offer ideas出主意，出点子。realize意识到，实现；copy复制； misunderstand误解，均不符合句意要求。故正确选项为c项。3its surprising that your brother _ russian so quicklyhe hasnt lived there very long.(2012四川，20)apicked up blooked upcput up dmade up答案a解析考查动词短语辨析。pick up(无意之间、偶然地)学会；look up(在书籍中)查找；put up张贴，搭建；make up构成，编造。句意为：令人惊奇的是，你的弟弟如此快就学会说俄语了他在那儿生活的时间并不长。根据句意选a。4dont handle the vase as if it _ made of steel.(2012北京，35)ais bwerechas been dhad been答案b解析句意为：拿花瓶时不要当它是钢做的一样。as if引导的方式状语从句或表语从句中常用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反的情况；又由dont handle.可知此处应为与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，故b项正确。5can i help you with it?i appreciate your_， but i can manage it myself.(2012江苏，21)aadvice bquestioncoffer didea答案c解析句意为：我可以帮你吗？我感激你主动提供帮助，但我自己能完成。offer出价，(主动提供)帮助，符合题意。advice建议，劝告；question问题；idea想法，主意。6i have a lot of readings_before the end of this term.(2010山东，23)acompleting bto completeccompleted dbeing completed答案b解析句意为：本学期结束前，我有大量的阅读(任务)要完成。have sth.to do是英语中一个基本结构，意为“有某事要做”，to do作定语，其逻辑主语为句子的主语。.单项填空1_ new york times，an elite(精华) newspaper of america，should have reported the whisper as _ breaking news.athe；a bthe；thec不填；a dthe；不填答案d解析考查冠词。the new york times 是专有名词，news 是不可数名词，故填零冠词。2in 1863，president lincoln issued a declaration calling for the last thursday of november _ as a day of thanksgiving.abeing observed bobservedcobserving dto be observed答案d解析考查非谓语。the last thursday of november 与observe 之间是动宾关系，且动作未发生，所以用不定式的被动语态作宾补。3the us troops _ out of iraq by the end of next month and they were sent there 9 years ago.ahave withdrawn bwill withdrawchad withdrawn dwill have withdrawn 答案d 解析根据by the end of next month 可知要用将来完成时，故选d。4did you forget about my birthday?_ ive booked a table at michels restaurant for this evening.(2011大纲全国，6)awhat then? bim afraid so.chow could i? dfor sure.答案c解析句意为：你忘记我的生日了吗？我怎么能忘了呢？我已经在米歇尔的餐馆为今晚预订了一张桌子。what then？(下一步)怎么办？又怎么样呢？im afraid so.恐怕是这样的。how could i？我怎么能呢？for sure.肯定。5you may make more mistakes if your paper is left _.thanks a lot.and would you give me some advice on how to polish it?abeing unchecked bto be uncheckedcto check dunchecked答案d 解析考查非谓语动词。句意为：你可能会犯更多的错误，如果你的文章不加检查的话。非常感谢。你能给我一些如何修改它的建议吗？此处用过去分词unchecked 对your paper进行补充说明。6try as you _，he wont listen to your advice on the potential dangers of smoking.acan bmaycdare dwill答案b解析考查情态动词的用法。在让步状语从句中，用may/might。句意为：尽管你尽力了，他还是不会听吸烟潜在危害的忠告的。7its helpful to put children in a situation _they can see themselves differently.(2009福建，24)athat bwhencwhich dwhere答案d解析当先行词为situation，case，stage，point等时，若定语从句中缺少状语，则定语从句的引导词为where。8the poor man stood there，with his hands _，_ his eyes upon the dark cave.acrossed；fixing bcrossing；fixingccrossed；fixed dcrossing；fixed答案a解析考查with的复合结构。“with宾语宾补”是with的复合结构。本题中cross是hands的补足语，二者构成被动关系，用过去分词；fix的发出者是the poor man，二者构成主动关系，故选a项。9_with what he had done，the public thought highly of him.adelight bdelightingcdelighted dbeing delighting答案c解析be delighted with对感到高兴。delighted为过去分词作状语。句意为：人们对他所做的事情感到高兴，并对他给予了高度评价。10the lady walked around the shops，_an eye out for bargains.(2010江西，24)akeep bkeptckeeping dto keep答案c解析句意为：这位女士在各家商店逛来逛去，时刻注意着廉价商品。keeping an eye out for bargains为现在分词短语作伴随状语，其逻辑主语为the lady。.完形填空it is always interesting to visit another country，especially for those who have never traveled abroad.foreign _1_ can be educational for anyone _2_ he is interested enough to make preparations beforehand.learning the language of a new country would be _3_ for the traveler，but the benefits of such an effort would become _4_ at once after his arrival.it may not seem _5_ to him when he comfortably stays at home，but knowing how to order a meal or rent a room is _6_ for the newcomer in a strange place.without knowing the language，it is very difficult for the stranger to _7_ the people of the new city and their customs.of course，in our small world，it is often possible to _8_ someone who understands our own language，_9_ this is only secondbest for the traveler.to be sure，he can see places and things without the _10_ of a language，but places and things are not the _11_ of any country.to get the greatest benefit from a trip to another country，it is _12_ important for the visitor to have an understanding of the language.1 a.travel bcountryclanguage dpeople答案a解析由下文语境可知，去国外旅游对于之前就很感兴趣且做好准备的游客来说，是有教育意义的。根据第一句中的“visit another country”可知，这里说的是境外旅游。故答案为a项。2 a.unless bifcalthough dsince答案b解析如果一个人对出国旅游非常感兴趣并提前做好准备的话，那么出国游对他来说可能会有一定的教育意义。unless除非；although虽然；since自从，均不符合语境。故答案为b项。3 a.usual beasycdifficult dsimple答案c解析对于游客来讲，学习一门新语言是困难的。根据后半句“but the benefits of such an effort.”可知，答案为c项。4 a.obvious binvisiblecimpossible duseless答案a解析但是付出这样的努力后，得到的回报会在他到达国外后表现得很明显。根据下文内容可知，学习新语言有助于游客更好地在国外生活。故答案为a项。invisible看不见的；impossible不可能的；useless无用的，均与语境不符。5 a.difficult bstrangecwonderful dimportant答案d解析根据语境可知，当他舒服地待在家里时，掌握一门新语言显得没那么重要。difficult难的；strange陌生的；wonderful精彩的，均不符合语境。故答案为d项。6 a.necessary bunimportantcuseless dfunny答案a解析但是，对于一个在陌生地方的游客来说，知道怎么订餐租房间是必要的。故答案为a项。7 a.recognize bfindcunderstand dbelieve答案c解析不了解当地语言，对于陌生人来说很难理解当地人和他们的习俗。由于语言不通，沟通不畅，很难理解别人。故答案为c项。8 a.find blook forcselect dknow答案a解析当然，在我们的小世界里，很可能在当地找到懂得我们语言的人。find找到，强调结果；look for寻找，强调过程。故答案为a项。9 a.therefore bhowevercbut dalthough答案c解析根据上半句内容可知，很可能在当地找到懂得我们语言的人，但是这不是最好的打算。根据语境可知，前后两句为转折关系。故答案为c项。10a.use bspeakingcwriting dlearning答案a解析可以肯定的是，人们不需要使用语言，就可以观赏到当地的事物。根据语境可知，答案为a项。11a.mind bheadcheart dmatter答案c解析但是，任何一个国家的核心都不在于你能看到的那些东西。作者觉得仅仅通过看是不能深刻体会一个国家的文化。故答案为c项。12a.much bindeedcalso dfinally答案b解析对于游客来说，了解一国的语言确实很重要。全文一直强调语言在旅游过程中的重要性。故答案为b项。.阅读理解according to the us geological survey，about seven million earthquakes strike worldwide every yearbut fortunately，only about 1,500 of these are of a magnitude(震级) of 5 or greater on the richter scale.certain areas，such as california and japan，are more prone_to earthquakes than others.althou