【步步高】高考英语一轮复习 Unit 3 Challenging Yourself Ⅱ同步导学 重庆大学版选修8(1).doc

【步步高】2015届高考英语一轮复习 unit 3 challenging yourself 同步导学 重大版选修8.重点单词识记1scan /skn/ vt.细看，审视2polish /pli/ vt.修改；润色3feature /fit/ vt.以为特色4cunning /kni/ n狡猾，诡诈5loyalty /lilti/ n忠诚，忠心6stubborn /stbn/ adj.顽固的，固执的7costume /kstjum/ n装束，服装8convey /knvei/ vt.传达9demonstrate /demnstreit/ vt.表示；示范；证明10gesture /dest/ n手势；姿势11function /fkn/ vi.运行，起作用12caution /kn/ n谨慎，小心13maintain /mentein/ vt.保持，继续14assume /sjum/ vt.(想当然的)认为；假定，设想assumption n假定，设想15exclude /iksklud/ vt.拒绝接纳；把排除在外；不包括include vt.包括，包含including prep.包括16exaggerate /izdreit/ vi./vt.夸大，夸张exaggeration n夸张17enterprising /entpraizi/ adj.有事业心的，有进取心的；有魄力的enterprise n企业，事业；进取心18represent /reprizent/ vt.表现；象征representative n代表；adj.典型的；有代表性的19rediscover /ridiskv/ vt.重新发现discover vt.发现，找到，发觉.重点短语识记1by name 凭名字；用的名字2be characterized by的特点在于，的特点是3turn.away回绝，把打发走4pick up获得5in contrast相反6keep records作记录7open up打开；开业；生产8cut out割掉；切掉；使某物成某种形状.经典原句默写与背诵1one of the most common names in the english language is smith，which is short for blacksmith.英语中最常见的姓是史密斯。史密斯是“铁匠”的简略形式。2what if he had big feet? 如果他的脚很大(他又该叫什么)呢？3considering the influence of nonverbal communication，we never really stop communicating.就非言语交际的影响而言，我们从没有真正地停止过交流。4thats why its possible，as the saying goes，to “read someone like a book”那就是为什么如谚语所说，我们能“像读书一样阅读其人”。5they also invented a kind of paper，which was easier to write on and much lighter to carry.他们还发明了一种更容易书写，又方便携带的纸张。6it was not until many centuries later that their meanings were rediscovered.直到多个世纪以后它们(旧的象形文字)的意义才被重新发现。1this picture will convey to you some idea of the beauty of the scenery.(convey)2i was embarrassed by his unexpected question.(embarrass)3frankly，its a lot more fun that way.(frank)4it would be an exaggeration to call the danger urgent.(exaggerate)5we need to challenge some of the basic assumptions of western philosophy.(assume)6when the camera is functioning properly，the green light comes on.(function)7it is important for us to meet personally although we have been in touch in various ways.(personal)8yet good behaviour is usually good business.(behave)9the original olympic games were religious ceremonies.(originally)10if you threaten me or use any force，i shall inform the police.(threatening)1 adapt(.) to (使)适应于adapt oneself to使自己适应adapt.for.为改编(写)；改造以供之用adapt from根据改编(写)adaptable adj.有适应能力的；能适应的adaptation n改编本；适应during the onemonth stay，i had to adapt myself to their american lifestyle and help them understand the best part of chinese culture.一个月的生活中，我要适应美国的生活方式并帮助他们理解中国文化的精髓。夯实基础用适当的介词填空(1)the play is adapted from a novel.(2)these materials can be adapted for use with older children.(3)when you go to a new country，you must adapt to new manners and customs.2 convey sth.to sp.运送某物到某处convey sth.to sb.向某人表达/传递convey ones feelings/meanings表达某人的感情/意思when i returned home，i tried to convey the wonder of this machine to my husband.回到家后，我竭力地想把这台机器的精妙之处描述给我丈夫听。特别提醒convey后一般不能接副词back，该词多用来指传递思想、感情、信息、观点、印象等。夯实基础用适当的介词填空(1)please convey my best wishes to her.(2)i find it hard to convey my feelings in words.3 assume sb./sth.to be.认为某人/某事assuming (that).假设(引导条件状语从句)it is assumed that.人们认为assumption n假定；设想；承担；掌握on the assumption that.假定let us assume it to be true.让我们假定这是真实的。it is generally assumed that stress is caused by too much work.普遍认为，压力系工作过重所致。夯实基础同义句改写(1)if there wasnt the hard work of the dustbin，can you imagine what our environment will be like？(用assuming以及can you imagine作插入语改写句子)assuming (that) there wasnt the hard work of the dustbin，what can you imagine our environment will be like?(2)people assume that what they do has little effect on the environment.(用it作形式主语改写句子)it is assumed that what they do has little effect on the environment.4 include doing sth.包括做某事including prep.包括在内including sb./sth.包括某人/某事在内sb./sth.included某人/某事被包括在内inclusion n(被)包括；包含；被包括的人(或事物)your duty will include cleaning the house.你的职责包括打扫房舍。i hope i can contain education in amusement.我希望能寓教于乐。(2010天津书面表达)特别提醒including常位于名词(短语)之前，而included常位于名词(短语)之后，与名词(短语)构成被动关系。图解助记词义辨析include，contain(1)include“包括”，侧重被包含者只是整体中的一部分。(2)contain“包括”，侧重“整体内有”，指在某一范围或容器内能容纳某物，不用于进行时。夯实基础用include，contain的适当形式填空(1)this book contains all the information you need.(2)our sixcity tour includes a visit to london.(3)vegetables contain many kinds of vitamins and many other useful materials.so we must eat them every day.5 represent sb./sth.as/to be.宣称某人为；把某事叙述为represent sth.to sb.向某人说明(传达)某事be representative of是的代表，是中典型的stand for代表；象征on behalf of sb.on ones behalf为了某人；代替某人we divided ourselves into different groups which represented different countries，such as china，japan，america，the uk.我们分成了几个不同的小组，分别代表不同的国家，例如中国、日本、美国、英国。(2010湖南书面表达)词义辨析represent，stand for(1)represent用来表示“代表某人/某个团体(政府等)”、“某种标志代表什么”、“某物表现的是什么”和“把某人(物)描绘成什么”。(2)stand for往往用来表示“(字母、数字、符号等)代表什么”。夯实基础用represent，stand for填空(1)the red lines represent railways.(2)what does “vip” stand for?.单项填空1we arrived home after a tiring journey， .asafely and soundlybsafely and soundcsafe and soundlydsafe and sound答案d解析safe and sound安然无恙，形容词作伴随状语。2im sure shell cope with the changes very well shes very .aeasy badaptablecdifferent daccessible答案b解析句意为：我相信她会很妥善地应付这些变化她的适应能力很强。由句意可知只有b项正确。3during the conference the speaker tried to his feelings concerning the urgency of a favorable decision.agive bpasscimply dconvey答案d解析句意为：在会上，这个发言者试图表达他关于作出赞成决定的迫切性的看法。convey ones feelings表达感情，符合题意。4we all can go out for a picnic this afternoon that the others agree.ato assume bassumedcassume dassuming答案d解析assuming that.假定。类似表达有：providing/supposing that.。5many people thought highly of what he said，but ，i thought he just showed himself off.apersonally bgenerallycespecially dspecially答案a解析句意为：许多人对他的话评价很高，但就个人而言，我认为他只是在炫耀自己而已。personally 意为“就个人而言”，在句中作状语，修饰整个句子。6little john felt the bag，curious to know what it .acollected bcontainedcloaded dsaved答案b解析句意为：小约翰摸了一下袋子，想知道里面装着什么东西。collect收集；contain含有，装有；load装载；save节省。由句意知选b项。7it is well known that alexander graham bell the telephone in 1876.ainvented bdiscoveredcfound ddeveloped答案a解析句意为：众所周知，亚历山大格雷厄姆贝尔在1876年发明了电话。此处是指创造出以前不存在的事物，而discover指“发现”早已存在的事物；find找到；develop发展，所以选a项。8the owner of the house was the duke of wellington，and now it is a museum.aofficial boriginalcdigital dinformal答案b解析此题考查形容词辨析。句意为：这房子原来的主人是惠灵顿公爵，现在它变成了博物馆。official官方的；original原先的；digital数字的；informal不正式的。.汉译英1这里传达的信息很清楚，即：行动比语言有力。(convey)(2013江苏书面表达)the message conveyed here is clear：“actions speak louder than words.”2随着时间的推移，我逐渐适应了学校生活。(adapt)(2011广东读写任务)as time went by，i gradually adapted myself to the school life.3当我面对困难时，我通常选择查阅相关的学习材料或网页。(relevant)(2011安徽书面表达)when i am faced with a difficulty，i usually choose to refer to relevant learning materials or web pages. 1happiness doesnt always go with money.2youre certain that at this point，they have to know you by name.3i think its very unkind of you to make up stories about him.4we can revive our sense of belonging to a larger community of life.5they had nowhere to stay so i couldnt turn them away.6my teacher told me to cut out the last part of my article.7i only hope that she will never find out the truth.8that has opened up all kinds of exciting new possibilities.1 o把分成(几个部分)separate. from把和隔开/分开divide.between/among在之间分配divide.by用除以be divided over/about在上有分歧图解助记词义辨析divide，separatedivide和separate这两个词都有“分开”的意思，但含义和用法不太相同。(1)divide指的是把人或物分成若干等份，常与介词into连用。(2)separate指的是将一个整体的物品分开或将两个靠近的物品分开，使其不在一起，常与介词from连用。夯实基础用适当的介、副词填空(1)take the orange and divide it into quarters.(2)he divides his time between his house in ohio and new york.(3)the money is to be divided up equally among the six grandchildren.(4)if you divide 21 by 3，youll get 7.(5)a high wall separates our backyard from the playing field.2 cut down砍倒；削减；压缩cut back on缩减(生产)；削减(开支)cut in插嘴cut up切碎；使痛心cut short使停止；中断；打断cut off切断i must cut out smoking.我必须戒烟。夯实基础用含有cut的短语填空(1)how can you cut down the risk of cancer?(2)he still supplied the north when america cut off energy aid.(3)he had cut up the meat before his mother came back.单项填空1we the job five parts, and each man did one part.adivided；into bseparated；intocdivided；from dseparated；from答案a解析separate, divide都有“分”的含义，一般来说，separate与from连用，指把原来在一起或靠近的东西分隔开来；divide和into连用，指把整体分成若干部分。2a kind of electronic equipment， mp4，is popular with young people now.aknown as bknowing ascknow as dknown for答案a解析known as作为而著名，由于know和句子的主语有逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词短语作定语。3i had been waiting for you in the freezing wind for 3 hours，but you didnt .aturn in bturn tocturn down dturn up答案d解析句意为：我在寒风中一直等了你3个小时，但你却没有来。turn in上交；turn to转向，求助于；turn down关小；turn up出现，到场。4when running after a thief，the safe guard an old man and he said sorry to him at once.alooked into bburst intocturned into dbumped into答案d解析bump into sb.撞上某人，符合句意。look into调查，往里看；burst into突然；turn into变成，进入。5perhaps i shall him in the park.acome up bcome overccome across dcome down答案c解析come across sb.偶然遇到某人。6she is a woman who .you can rely on her.akeeps her word bbreaks her wordcgets in a word dhas a word with答案a解析句意为：她是一个守信的人。你可以依赖她。keep ones word守信，符合句意。7james cameron，who is famous great action scenes，directed his latest movie，avatar.aas bincon dfor答案d解析句意为：以制作大型动作场景而著称的james cameron导演了他的新片阿凡达。be famous for.因而著名。8he had much experience in repairing this kind of machine and his work was by his boss. ahighly thought of bhighly thoughtca good thought dwell spoken答案a解析think/speak highly of意为“对高度评价”。.汉译英1总之在很短的时间内能够赢得他们的友谊是我一生中最为自豪的事。(in a word)(2013浙江书面表达)in a word，being able to win their friendship in a very short time is the thing that i am proud of most in my life.2为了环境更美好，必须马上采取行动，像停止砍树等。(cut down)(2013江苏书面表达)immediate actions should be taken，like stopping cutting down trees，to better the environment.用所给动词的适当形式填空(1)lisa has had a big argument with rick.she says she wont be going(not go) out with him again.(2)these jackets are going out of fashion now.people wont be wearing(not wear) them much longer.(3)ive got an exam tomorrow，so i cant come out tonight.i will be revising(revise) all evening.(4)gemmas leg is all right now，so she will be playing(play) volleyball with us later.(5)how much longer will you be using(use) the video recorder?.用括号内的词的分词形式完成第二个句子，使它和前一句有相似的意义(1)she lay in bed and worried all night.(worry)she lay in bed worrying all night.(2)i didnt have much money，so i couldnt buy a ticket.(have)not having much money，i couldnt buy a ticket.(3)i waited hours，and then i was told to come back the next day.(have)having waited hours，i was told to come back the next day.(4)in view of whats happened，i think youve been proved right.(consider)considering whats happened，i think youve been proved right.1 theoretically and under ideal conditions，man can live six times longer than their normal period of growth.从理论上讲，在理想条件下，人的寿命能够长于他们正常生命期的六倍。倍数的表达方式：(1)倍数as.as.(2)倍数比较级than(3)倍数the size/height/length/width.of.(4)倍数what从句(5)倍数that of.beijing is ten times the size of my hometown.北京有我家乡的十倍大。in our county now the grain output is six times that of before liberation.现在我们县的粮食产量相当于解放前的六倍。夯实基础同义句改写the red ruler is two times as long as the yellow one.(1)the red ruler is three times longer than the yellow one.(用“倍数比较级”改写句子)(2)the red ruler is three times the length of the yellow one.(用“倍数then.of.”改写句子)2 another cultural aspect of nonverbal communication is one that you might not think about：space.非言语交际的另一文化方面是你可能想不到的：空间。(1)one指代的事物与上文出现的事物是同一类的，它等于“a/an单数名词”，它只能代替可数名词。one的复数形式是ones。one后面不接of短语作定语。the one the 名词，表示特指。(2)it用来代替上文出现的事物本身。(3)that既可指代可数名词，也可指代不可数名词，它等于“the名词”。do you need any pen?no，thanks.i have got one myself.你用我的钢笔吗？不，谢谢。我自己有一支。夯实基础用one，it，some，them填空(1)id love a yacht.and im thinking of buying one.(2)we havent got any water.i ought to have brought some.(3)ive lost my bag.i left it on the train.(4)this bus is going to bristol.the one to cardiff has already left.(5)i wrote several letters yesterday.i havent posted them yet.单项填空1our city has experienced this year as it did last year.atwice as much rainbrain twice as muchcas twice much raindtwice rain as much 答案a解析twice as much.as“是的两倍”，为固定短语。2when you study the local map，youll find this town is .atwice the size of that onebtwice as a large town as thatctwice as larger as that onedtwice as larger a town as that答案a解析句意为：当你研究当地的地图时，你会发现这座城镇是那个的两倍大。倍数的表达方式：a is倍数the名词of b；b项中不定冠词的位置错误；c、d两项中as后应用形容词原级。3 ？fine.ive the life there and ive made some friends.awhat are you；got used tobhow are you doing；got used tocare you getting on well；used todhow do you do；used to答案b解析根据后面的回答，首先排除c项(因为是一般疑问句)；根据句意排除a项；how are you doing？how are you getting on？；how do you do是向对方打招呼的用语，也用此回答。故本题选b项。get used to习惯于；used to过去常常。句意为：你过得怎么样？很好，我已经习惯那里的生活，并且交了一些朋友。4we have various summer camps for your holidays.you can choose based on your own interests.aeither beachcone dit答案c解析句意为：我们有各种各样的暑期夏令营，你可以根据自己的兴趣选择一个。either两者中任何一个；each每一个；one一个，为泛指，泛指同类事物或人中的某一个；it为特指，特指上文提到的某人或者某事物。根据语境可知，此处应是表示泛指的某一个，在此泛指上句提到的“various summer camps”中的某一个。故选c项。5its reported that 289 more trains were added passengers on sunday to meet the needs of those home for the spring festival.ato take；returningbtaking；returningctaken；to returndtake；returned答案a解析考查非谓语动词的用法。第一空289车次列车被加开用来运输旅客，to take表目的；第二空现在分词短语作定语，是主动关系。6the doctor thought would be good for you to have a holiday.athis bthatcone dit答案d解析句意为：医生认为去度假对你有好处。it在句中作形式主语，真正的主语是to have a holiday。this，that，one都不可用作形式主语。.汉译英1他能找到一个更好更有益的实现目标的方法。(不定式作后置定语)(2011北京开放作文)he can find a better and more rewarding way to achieve his goal.2事实上，我直到被选为班长时才意识到它的重要性。(not.until)(2011湖北短文写作)in fact/actually，i didnt realize its importance until i was chosen monitor.1my uncle hasnt been able to quit smoking，but at least he has .(2013陕西，25)acut out bcut downccut up dcut off答案b解析句意为：我的叔叔没能戒掉吸烟，但是至少他抽得少了。cut out删除，停止；cut down减少；cut up切碎；cut off切断。2 to work overtime that evening，i missed a wonderful film.(2012重庆，23)ahaving been asked bto askchaving asked dto be asked答案a解析句意为：那天晚上被要求加班，我错过了一场好电影。分析题意可知说话者是被要求加班的，需用被动结构，故可排除表主动的b、c两项；d项to be asked表“将被要求”，不合句意。只有a项表示“已被要求”。3the new stadium being built for the next asian games will be the present one.(2011陕西，17)aas three times big asbthree times as big ascas big as three timesdas big three times as答案b解析句意为：正在为下一届亚运会建的新体育馆是现在的体育馆的3倍大。本题考查倍数表达法的句型，该题中体现的倍数表达法的句型是：倍数as.as.。4i wasnt sure if he was really interested or if he polite.(2011大纲全国，24)awas just being bwill just bechad just been dwould just be答案a解析句意为：我不确定他是否真感兴趣或者仅仅是出于礼貌。“be现在分词”表示临时性，有“有意如此”之意，此处时态为过去时。此题也可用排除法解题。根据时态一致原则，b项will just be可排除。c项had just been为过去完成时，强调动作发生的时间为“过去的过去”；d项would just be为过去将来时，两者均不合题意。5when alice came to，she did not know how long she there.(2011新课标全国，29)ahad been lying bhas been lyingcwas lying dhas lain答案a解析句意为：当艾丽斯醒来时，她不知道自己在那儿躺了多久。根据时态一致的原则，可排除b、d两项；由she did not know how long.可知应用过去完成进行时，表示持续发生的动作。6im calling to enquire about the position in yesterdays china daily.(2010北京，25)aadvertised bto be advertisedcadvertising dhaving advertised答案a解析句意为：我打电话来咨询一下有关昨天在中国日报上刊登广告(招聘)的职位。advertised.是过去分词短语作后置定语，被修饰词position与advertise是被动关系。7guess what，weve got our visas for a shortterm visit to the uk this summer.how nice！you a different culture then.(2010福建，31)awill be experiencingbhave experiencedchave been experiencingdwill have experienced答案a解析句意为：猜猜这是什么，我们已经拿到了今年夏天去英国短期旅游的签证。好极了！那时你们将体验不同的文化。由“刚拿到签证”可知“体验不同文化”是将来的事，需用将来时态，故排除b、c两项；d项为将来完成时态，句意没体现，故a项正确。8mrs.white showed her students some old maps from the library.(2010大纲全国，27)ato borrow bto be borrowedcborrowed dborrowing答案c解析句意为：怀特老师给学生们看了一些从图书馆里借来的旧地图。old maps与borrow之间是逻辑上的被动关系，由句中的动词showed可知此动作已经发生，可排除不定式短语作后置定语，即可排除a、b两项；d项表示主动或进行，也不符合语境；c项表示被动或完成，符合语境。9nowadays some hospitals refer to patients name，not case number.(2010江西，34)aof bascby dwith答案c解析句意为：现在一些医院提到病人时用名字而不是病例编号。by name凭名字，符合句意。10david threatened his neighbour to the police if