【步步高】（广东专用）高考英语一轮复习 动词的时态和语态导学案 北师大版(1).docVIP

动词的时态和语态一、动词时态的用法1一般现在时(1)由连词if，unless，however等引导的时间(条件、让步)状语从句，需用一般现在时表将来。however much advice you give him，he will do exactly what he wants.(2)安排或计划要做的动作(有时间状语)限于begin，come，leave，go，arrive等一类动词。i arrive in beijing at 300 pm.tomorrow.2一般过去时过去一段时间内经常或反复发生的行为，常与every day，often，sometimes等时间状语连用。i used to play football when i was young.3一般将来时(1)willdo表示将来的动作或状态，常与一些表示将来的时间状语连用；或表示事物的固有属性或必然趋势。fish will die without water.(2)be going todo表示即将发生的或最近打算进行的事。此外还表示根据现在的迹象，对未来进行推测。look at the clouds.it is going to rain.(3)be about todo表示即将发生的动作，意为“正要；很快，马上”。后面一般不跟具体的时间状语，但是可以由when连接一个并列句。we are about to leave.(4)be todo表示事先商定、安排或准备要做的事情；还表示可能性、必要、责任、义务、禁止等。she is to get married next month.(5)用现在进行时表示将来。表示位置转移的动词(go，come，leave，start，arrive等)，可用现在进行时表示将来。uncle wang is coming.4现在进行时表示说话人对主语的行为表示赞叹或厌恶等感情色彩，常与always，constantly，continually等副词连用。she is always asking the same question.5现在完成时现在完成时表示从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到现在的动作或状态，或者还要延续下去，句中常有since，for，yet，already等表示一段时间的状语。great changes have taken place in china since 1980.6过去进行时过去进行时表示在过去某个时刻正在进行的动作或存在的过去某个阶段正在做的事情。he was reading an interesting book this time yesterday.7过去完成时(1)表示在过去某个时刻前已经发生的动作或存在的状态，或者从过去某个时刻开始一直延续到过去另一时刻的动作或状态。my teacher had taught in that school for ten years before she came here.(2)表示希望或打算的动词(如hope，want，expect，think，suppose，plan，mean，intend等)的过去完成时，后接不定式to do时，表示未曾实现的愿望或打算，即“本来希望或打算做某事(但却没做)”。i had planned to send him a christmas card，but i forgot to do so.(3)用于下列特殊句型中：hardly/scarcely/barely had.done.when.；no sooner had.done.than.。从句中用一般过去时，表示“刚刚就”。hardly had i opened the door when he told me.it/that/this was the first/second.timethat从句。that从句要用过去完成时态。it was the second time he had been out with her.8过去将来时过去将来时表示从过去的观点来预计以后要发生的动作或存在的状态，这种时态常用于宾语从句中，主句常是一般过去时。he always said that he would study hard at that time.二、被动语态的用法1不知道动作的执行者是谁或难以说明时常用被动语态。street lights are often turned on at six in winter.2当动作的承受者比起动作的执行者来说更能引起人们的关注而需要加以强调时，要用被动语态。this kind of bicycle is not sold in our shop.3含有双宾语的句子，主动句中的间接宾语或者直接宾语都可变为被动语态中的主语，另一个保留不变。变为主语的若是主动句中的直接宾语，间接宾语前则需加介词to或for。the pianist gave the pupils(间接宾语) some advice (直接宾语)the pupils were given some advice by the pianist.some advice was given to the pupils by the pianist.4在主动语态句中，动词make，have，let，see，watch，hear，feel等后接动词不定式作宾语补足语时，动词不定式不加to。但变成被动语态时后面的不定式都需加上to。the boss made them work ten hours a day.they were made to work ten hours a day by the boss.1every few years，the coal workers _ their lungs xrayed to ensure their health.(2010上海，28)aare having bhavechave had dhad had2every year a flood of farmers arrive in shenzhen for the moneymaking jobs they_before leaving their hometowns.(2010福建，28)apromised bwere promisedchave promised dhave been promised3were you surprised by the ending of the film?no.i_the book，so i already knew the story.(2010安徽，28)awas reading bhad readcam reading dhave read4this coastal area_a national wildlife reserve last year.(2010湖南，24)awas named bnamedcis named dnames一、用所给词的适当形式填空1remember how we met for the first time，dick?of course i do.you _(walk) to the teachers office hurriedly and _(not notice) me.2today，tourists do not see any person in pompeii，which，though，_(be) once a busy city of twentytwo thousand people.3can i have a talk with you at about 5 this afternoon，mr.smith?all right.i _(come) back to my office from a conference then.i will be waiting for you there.4have you known the result of the chinese team at singapore open badminton tournament?it _(win) three titles，i remember clearly.5be careful with such things.if you _(not be)，youll drop them.二、单项填空1by the time he gets home，his father _ for paris on business.ahas left bwill have leftchad left dwill leave2mr.white works as a journalist at present，but he _ in a high school for several years.ahas worked bworkedchad worked dhas been working3the coffee is wonderful！it doesnt taste like anything i _ before.ahad ever had bwas havingchave dhave ever had4whats that noise？is the water still running?oh，my god！i _ to turn it off after i brushed my teeth.awas forgetting bforgotchad forgotten dam forgetting5i was just going to cut my rose bushes but someone _it.was it you?ahas done bhad donecwould do dwill do6they became partners at work that day.until then，they _ to each other for nearly three years. adidnt speak bhadnt spokenchavent spoken dhavent been speaking7the students _ busily when miss brown went to get the book she _ in the office.ahad written；leftbwere writing；has leftchad written；had leftdwere writing；had left8how did you get on in your final exam?i have no idea.the papers _.aare being marked bwould be markedchave been marked dhad been marked9millions of pounds worth of damage _ by a storm which swept across the north of england last night.ahas been caused bhad been causedcwill be caused dwill have been caused10the novels written by the author sell best，but five years ago no one could have imagined how great a role he _ in the literary(文学的) world.awas playing bwas to play chad played dplayed答案感悟高考1b根据时间状语every few years，可判断本句应为一般现在时，故选b。2d句意为：每年大量农民工涌入深圳，去寻找他们离乡前别人给他们许诺的挣钱的工作。此处农民工是“被许诺工作”，需用被动语态，故排除a和c两项；b项仅表一般过去时的被动；d项表示“已经被许诺”，故选d。3b句意为：你对这部电影的结局惊讶吗？不，我已经读过这本书，早知道结局了。从上下文句意看，应用过去完成时。4a此处表示该地区是被命名，且时间状语为last year，故a项正确。领悟语法一、1.were walking；didnt notice2.was3.will have come4.won5.arent二、1.bby the time he gets home是用一般现在时表将来，主句用将来完成时。2b一般过去时表示动作发生在过去，与现在没关系。句意为：mr.white现在是个记者，但在高中工作过几年。3dbefore作副词用时通常与现在完成时态连用。4b一般过去时表示动作发生在过去，与现在没关系，“忘记”只是发生在过去现