初中阶段动词不定时的用法概述.doc

【摘要】 本文将动词不定式在初中阶段的用法加以梳理并概述，旨在使读者对该语法有较为系统和全面的认识。【关键词】 动词不定式 主语 表语 定语 宾语 语补足语 状语 否定式初中阶段动词不定式的用法概述陕汽一校 王雪红一、动词不定式的构成及特征动词不定式是一种非限定动词，它的基本形式是：“ to+动词原形”。有时可以不带to。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，句中不能做谓语。但它保留动词的特点，即可以有自己的宾语和状语。动词不定式还具有名词 、形容词、副词的特征。二、动词不定式的用法1、作主语To learn a foreign language is not easy.To have a walk after supper is a good habit .动词不定式作主语时，往往用 it作形式主语，把动词不定式放在谓语之后。例如上面的两个例句就可以改为：It is not easy to learn a foreign language.It is a good habit to have a walk after supper.这种用法可归纳为下面的句型：It is +形容词 +动词不定式如果要说明不定式表示的动作是谁做的，可以用for 引出，即：It is +形容词 +for +某人+ 动词不定式It is not easy for us to learn a foreign language.在有些形容词如kind, good, nice, clever, foolish, polite等来表示谁怎么样， 这些形容词后常用of而不用for。即：It +is+形容词+ of +某人 +动词不定式It was kind of her to help the old man.It was foolish of us to believe him.3、 作表语Their plan is to have a picnic on the mountain.My wish is to become a writer.3、作宾语They want to travel around the world.I try to study English better.初中英语中可以用动词不定式作宾语的及物动词有: want , hope, wish, begin, start, try, remember, forget, like, love, agree, learn, prefer等。4、作宾语补足语Linda asked Tom to help her with her physics.My parents want me to study harder.能带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有: tell, ask, want, like, teach, help, invite, allow, wish, encourage等。另外，有些动词后跟的作宾语补足语的动词不定式需省去to。这些动词及短语有：see, watch, look at, make, have, let, feel, hear, listen to, notice等。注意，上面这一用法在被动语态中，省略的to 都要补上。这一用法可以总结成以下几句顺口溜：“三看（ see, watch, look at ）三使（make, have, let ）一感受（feel ）， 两听（hear, listen to）一注（notice）记心头。这些词后接宾补，不定式前省去to，这些句子变被动，省去的to再加上。”5、作定语Have you got anything to say ?I have a lot of homework to do.It is time to have class.注意：这种不定式很多和它修饰的词有动宾关系，因此，如果这个不定式是不及物动词，它后面就应有必要的介词。There is nothing to worry about.She is a nice girl to work with.6、作状语（1）用来修饰动词，表目的、结果、原因。People came here to watch the football match.People will live to be 200 years old.We jumped with joy to hear the news.（2）不定式也可用在作表语用的形容词后面作状语，说明产生这种情绪的原因或是在哪方面存在谓语所表示的情况等。I am sorry to hear that.He is happy to hear the good news.We are surprised to find him there.She is always ready to help others.Be careful not to catch cold.（3）当一个句子里带有too或enough这样的词时，我们也常用一个不定式来作状语。I was too tired to walk on.The girl is old enough to go to school.三、动词不定式的否定式。动词不定式的否定式由“not + to + 动词原形”例如:My mother wants me not to play with fire.The teacher told the students not to copy others homework.四、疑问词与动词不定式的连用。疑问代词 who, what, which, 和疑问副词 when, where, how, why 等后面可以接动词不定式，构成不定式短语。I was very upset, I dont know what to do.Can you tell me how to