高考英语 回扣作文与完形填空（14）.doc

2014高考英语回扣作文与完形填空（14）及答案 高考英语：掌握英语写作的基本技巧高考英语写作紧扣教学大纲对考生书面表达的要求, 以有指导的写作为主，突出试题的交际性，考查考生在特定的情景中运用语言的能力；所选话题贴近学生学习生活，为学生所熟悉；看图作文主要考查考生运用所学知识解决实际问题的能力。而考生若想提高应掌握一些基本技巧。 一、认真审题，把握体裁 纵览历年高考中的英语书面表达，多为应用性写作，其体裁各异。答题时应仔细观察，细心领会，把握相应体裁要求，使用正确的时态，准确反映表达内容。 二、抓准信息，组织要点 准确把握考题各方面的信息，就能为语言表达提供正确而全面的信息依据，倘若信息不清、不准，书写出的东西就会文不对题，劳而无功。必要的信息若有遗漏，就无法达到正确交际的目的。 三、选词组句，就易避难 在体裁明确、信息全面、要点清晰的前提下，避开偏、怪、难词，选用自己最熟悉、最有把握的词语和句型将要点完整流畅地用英语表达出来。这要求考生要有变通能力。另外，不要拘泥于原材料进行硬译，而要灵活表达，有时还需拐弯抹角地表达。同时注意克服母语的逆向干扰，按照英语的习惯表达形式，用地道的英语习惯用语将要点以句子形式准确地表达出来。 四、连句成篇，行文连贯 句子是由词汇组成的，而文章则是由句子组成的。遣词造句要按照语法和习惯表达，组句成篇也要按照篇章结构，选择适当的并列、递进、因果、转折、条件等意义的连词把所有表示要点的句子连接成文，使句与句、段与段之间意思连贯，结构衔接，生动、准确地表达考题内容。同时注意克服英语句子结构的单调性，要根据表达需要而注意变换句式，这样才能增强语句的表现力。切忌只按考题信息或线索提示，不切实际、不顾英语习惯表达的方式逐条译出，这样就会造成文理不通、语无伦次。只有语言地道、层次清楚、结构合理，才能文通语顺、层次分明。 五、言简意赅，注意词数 nmet书面表达评分原则规定：词数少于80和多于120的，从总分中均减去2分。因此，考生在书写时应特别注意避免两极分化，既不可少于80个词，也不可多于120个词，最好是100个单词左右。在书写过程中尽量使用能表现自己实力的词汇和语法结构，避免语言错误，真正做到语言地道、言简意赅，把词数控制在最佳范围内。 六、仔细核对，查漏补缺 在写书面表达时，有些考生往往把注意力集中在表达上而忽视了书面质量，再加上匆忙或粗心，难免有些书写中的走笔之误，诸如字母的大小写，单词的误写、多写、少写，习语的搭配，时态、语态、主谓一致，标点符号及母语的干扰等问题，需要考生在定稿前认真检查，力争要点的完整和句子的正确。 七、规范誊写，卷面整洁 书面表达是nmet中的主观性题目，评分虽有严格的标准和档次，但也带有弹性，这是一个主观上难以完全解决的客观问题。倘若书写马虎潦草或涂改乱擦，给阅卷者留下不好印象，得分往往会低于所写材料的应得分。因此，考生要尽量先打草稿，修改后再严格按照四线三格认真誊写，做到字母、单词的书写大小适中、均匀。一方面，要左右成行，整齐划一。另一方面，要上下对齐，首尾呼应。只有书写规范，字迹清晰、卷面整洁，才能使书面表达锦上添花、高人一筹。 总之，只有了解nmet书面表达评分原则和要求，熟练掌握其应试技巧，我们才能有的放矢地进行书写训练，也才能在规定时间内根据试题信息要求，使书面表达要点齐全、内容完整、格式准确、文通语顺、书写规范、卷面整洁。当然，要切实做好nmet书面表达，还特别需要注意平时知识的积累，要多读、多写、多记句型并掌握词汇的用法。只要具备了一定的语言基础知识，了解书面表达评分原则和评分要求，再加上对书面表达材料进行强化训练，相信你在考试中一定会马到成功。 高考英语：如何写出英语作文得分的“亮点”以前,英语作文评分的依据是根据要点和语言准确度而定。但是从2001年起实行的高考评分标准强调了内容要点,语言的多样性、连贯性和得体性, 鼓励学生尝试语言表达的多样化和复杂化。因此要写成一篇较有水准的英语作文,除了要点和语言准确度以外,还必须在语用、语法结构以及表达的多样性和灵活性上有所表现。句子单一、缺乏生气的文章,哪怕没有任何错误也不可能得高分,相反,有些许错误,但是为了使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致,给分档次仍在最高档(21-25分)。 那么,英语作文如何才能得高分呢?以下几种手段是增加句子复杂性的常见方法,也是得高分的亮点。 1. 改变句子的开头方式,不是一味地都是主语开头,接着是谓语、宾语,最后再加一个状语。可以把状语置于句首,或用分词作状语等。试比较: (原文) my brother and i went to the cinema by bicycle the other day. (修正) the other day my brother and i went to the cinema by bicycle. (原文) the young man couldnt help crying when he heard the bad news. (修正) hearing the bad news, the young man couldnt help crying. 2. 在整篇文章中,避免只使用一两个句式,要灵活运用诸如强调句、主从复合句、分词短语、倒装句、省略句等。例如: (1)强调句 (原文) the dog has saved my little sister bravely. (修正) it is the dog that has saved my little sister bravely. (2)主从复合句 (原文) we had to stand there to catch the offender. (修正) what we had to do was to stand there, trying to catch the offender. (3)分词短语、由with或without引导的短语 (原文) the driver escaped and didnt stop, he left the old man lying on the road. (修正) the driver escaped without stopping, leaving the old man lying on the road. (4)倒装句 (原文) i went to bed at 11:30. (修正) not until 11:30 did i go to bed. (5)省略句 (原文) while you are crossing the street, you should be careful. (修正) while crossing the street, you should be careful. 3. 通过分句和合句,增强句子的连贯性和表现力。例如: (原文) he stopped us an hour ago. he made us catch the next offender. (修正) he stopped us half an hour ago and made us catch the next offender. (原文) we had a short rest. then we began to play happily. we sang and danced. (修正) after a short rest, we had great fun singing and dancing. 4. 注意连接词与句子的运用。 以2001年高考作文为例,在信的开头,可加上you want to know something about what is going on in schools in china?这句话起承上启下的作用,使文章过渡自然;再如,用what was worse?引出减负前,晚上还要做作业,就寝时间11:30等要点。又如,now i have more free time. 可引出减负后的情况。另外,在信的结尾,可用how about you? im looking forward to hearing from you.来自然地结束这封信。 5. 使用过渡词语。 写好了每个句子,并不一定就是一篇好文章,因为作为一篇文章,还必须行文连贯。那么,如何使文章行文连贯呢?这就要求我们在组成篇章时,要用好过渡性词语,过渡性词语就像是我们组装机械时使用的润滑剂一样,起着润滑的作用。常用的过渡词语主要有: 并列递进:and, also, as well as, besides, whats more, furthermore, moreover, etc. 转折:but, yet, however, although, nevertheless, in spite of, after all, etc. 因果:because, as, for, since, for this reason, because of, so, therefore, thus, as a result, etc. 对比:or, otherwise, like, unlike, on the contrary, while, on the other hand, instead of, etc. 总结:in all, in brief, on the whole, in short, in general, in one word, etc. 总之,要使文章的层次高,可读性强,考生应增加些较高级的词汇与复杂的结构,并运用恰当的连接词和复合句,只有这样,才能在考试中取得理想的成绩。第二节：完形填空(共20小题：每小题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(a、b、c和d)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。(2012苏州五市区调研)last night i was driving from harrisburg to lewisburg, a distance of about eighty miles. it was late and i was in a hurry. however, if anyone asked me how fast i was_36_， id say i was not overspeeding. several times i got_37_behind a slowmoving truck on a narrow road, and i was holding my fists tightly with_38_.at one point along an open highway, i came to a crossroad with a traffic light. i was alone on the road by now, but as i_39_the light, it turned red and i braked to a stop. i looked left, right and behind me. nothing. not a car, no_40_of headlights, but there i sat, waiting for the light to_41_， the only human being for at least a mile in any direction.i started wondering why i_42_to run the light. i was not afraid of being_43_， because there was obviously no policeman around, and there certainly would have been no_44_in going through it.much later that night, after i met with a group of my friends in lewisburg and climbed into bed near midnight, the question of_45_id stopped for that light came back to me, i think i stopped because its part of a contract(合同) we all have with each other. its not only the _46_， but its an arrangement we have, and we trust each other to_47_it: we dont go through red lights. like most of us, im more likely to be_48_from doing something bad by the social custom that disagrees with it than by any law_49_it.its amazing that we ever _50_each other to do the right thing, isnt it? and we do, too. trust is our first_51_. we have to make a deliberate effort to mistrust someone.the whole thing we have going for us would_52_apart if we didnt trust each other most of the time. it happens often that we dont act in a_53_ manner, but we all consider it unusual, and were angry or_54_with the person or organization that violates(侵犯) the trust we have in them.i was so _55_of myself for stopping for the red light that night.文章大意：在一处空旷的十字路口，你遇到了红灯。你会闯过去吗？本文作者没有这样做，而且作者分析了他没有这样做的原因。36a. thinking b. driving c. speaking d. running37a. stopped b. changed c. stuck d. lost38a. horror b. strength c. understanding d. impatience39a. passed b. watched c. approached d. found40a. symbolb. sign c. influenced. gesture41a. stop b. change c. turn d. die42a. refusedb. wantedc. triedd. decided43a. abused b. fined c. injured d. killed44a. danger b. sense c. time d. record45a. when b. howc. whered. why46a. virtue b. suggestion c. law d. order47a. honor b. solve c. break d. judge48a. rejected b. protected c. stopped d. frightened49a. againstb. forc. aboutd. with50a. suspect b. trust c. teach d. care51a. expressionb. recreationc. permission d. preference52a. turnb. keepc. falld. live53a. trustworthyb. consideratec. conservatived. merciful54a. shockedb. surprisedc. frightenedd. disappointed55a. sorry b. doubtful c. sure d. proud36答案：b由后文“我没有超速”可知，问我开车的速度。37答案：cstuck是stick的过去分词，stick有“卡住”的意思，如“the key sticks in the lock.钥匙卡在锁里了。”get stuck表示被动，“被卡住”的意思。该短语经常引申来用，如“i get stuck in this difficult