高考英语 回扣作文与完形填空（20）.doc

2014高考英语回扣作文与完形填空（20）及答案高考英语：英文书信的格式概述1、信头（heading） 指发信人的姓名（单位名称）、地址和日期，一般写在信纸的右上角。一般公函或商业信函的信纸上都印有单位或公司的名称、地址、电话号码等，因此就只需在信头下面的右边写上写信日期就可以了。 英文地址的写法与中文完全不同，地址的名称按从小到大的顺序：第一行写门牌号码和街名；第二行写县、市、省、州、邮编、国名；然后再写日期。标点符号一般在每一行的末尾都不用，但在每一行的之间，该用的还要用，例如在写日期的时候。 日期的写法，如1997年7月30日，英文为：july 30，1997（最为普遍）； july 30th，1997；30th july，1997等。1997不可写成97。 2、信内地址（inside address） 在一般的社交信中，信内收信人的地址通常省略，但是在公务信函中不能。将收信人的姓名、地址等写在信头日期下方的左角上，要求与对信头的要求一样，不必再写日期。 3、称呼（salutation） 是写信人对收信人的称呼用语。位置在信内地址下方一、二行的地方，从该行的顶格写起，在称呼后面一般用逗号（英国式），也可以用冒号（美国式）。 （1）写给亲人、亲戚和关系密切的朋友时，用dear或my dear再加上表示亲属关系的称呼或直称其名（这里指名字，不是姓氏）。例如：my dear father，dear tom等。 （2）写给公务上的信函用dear madam，dear sir或gentleman（gentlemen）。注意：dear纯属公务上往来的客气形式。gentlemen总是以复数形式出现，前不加dear，是dear sir的复数形式。 （3）写给收信人的信，也可用头衔、职位、职称、学位等再加姓氏或姓氏和名字。例如：dear prof. tim scales, dear dr.john smith。 4、正文（body of the letter） 位置在下面称呼语隔一行，是信的核心部分。因此要求正文层次分明、简单易懂。和中文信不同的是，正文中一般不用hello！（你好！） 正文有缩进式和齐头式两种。每段书信第一行的第一个字母稍微向右缩进些，通常以五个字母为宜，每段第二行从左面顶格写起，这就是缩进式。 但美国人写信各段落往往不用缩进式，用齐头式，即每一行都从左面顶格写起。商务信件大都采用齐头式的写法。 5、结束语（complimentary close） 在正文下面的一、二行处，从信纸的中间偏右处开始，第一个词开头要大写，句末用逗号。不同的对象，结束语的写法也不同。 （1）写给家人、亲戚，用your loving grandfather，lovingly yours，lovingly等； （2）写给熟人、朋友，用yours cordially，yours affectionately等； （3）写业务信函用truely yours（yours truely），faithfully yours（yours faithfully）等； （4）对上级、长辈用yours obediently（obediently yours），yours respectfully（respectfully yours）等。 6、签名（signature） 低于结束语一至二行，从信纸中间偏右的地方开始，在结束语的正下方，在签完名字的下面还要有用打字机打出的名字，以便识别。职务、职称可打在名字的下面。当然，写给亲朋好友的信，就不必再打了。 7、附言（postscript） 一封信写完了，突然又想起遗漏的事情，这时用p.s.表示，再写上遗漏的话即可，要长话短说。通常在信末签名下面几行的左方，应于正文齐头。 注意：在正式的信函中，应避免使用附言。 8、附件（enclosure） 信件如果有附件，可在信纸的左下角，注上encl：或enc：，例如：encl：2 photos（内附两张照片）。如果福建附件不止一项，应写成encl：或encs。 我们有时可看到在称呼与正文之间有re：或subject：（事由）字样。一般在信纸的中间，也可与“称呼”对齐。还应在底下加横线，以引起读信人的注意，使收信人便于在读信之前就可了解信中的主要内容。事由一般在公务信函中使用，也可以省略。 高考英语：怎样做好英语书面表达表格提示题一、写作指导英语书面表达题是指导性写作,要求根据所提供的情景写一篇120词左右的短文.所提供情景的形式有图画、表格、提纲、短文等.其中年高考题为表格提示题,应引起同学们的高度重视.这种题型主要具备以下特点:1.表格提示题涉及题材广泛,如人物介绍、地点介绍、新闻报道等;体裁多种多样,包括应用文(如书信、日记、通知、发言稿)、说明文、记叙文等.2.与看图作文不同,表格提示一目了然,需要表达的信息一览无遗.答题时无须花过多的时间去琢磨写作内容,一般要点不会被遗漏.3.与汉语提示作文不同,表格中通常是以不完整的汉语句子(包括术语或概括性短语)作为提示的,既能够让考生获得命题人所要求的信息,又留给考生一定的发挥空间.因而要求考生具备很强的驾驭语言能力以及较强的语篇整合技能.综观表格式书面表达题的命题特点及考试要求,笔者认为答题时应注意以下几点:1)注意格式,避免填表式表达.表格提示题虽以表格作为提示,但要求以短文的形式(包括不同文体)来表达.答题时应注意不同文体的格式.切忌将短文写成履历表.例如在表达人物姓名及出生年月时,个别同学将其表达为:name: li huatime of birth: 1977. 2place of birth: liaoning dalian上述填表式表达显得滑稽可笑,显然不符合考试要求.正确的表达应为:my name is li hua. i was born in dalian, liaoning province in february 19772)灵活变通,避免硬译式表达.首先,表格中的汉语提示简洁凝练,概括性强,表达时切忌逐字逐句翻译,简单罗列提示要点.必要时还要做灵活调整或进行补充.这样做的目的是将所要求写的内容准确、完整地表达出来.如:(1)业余爱好:游泳、滑冰、集邮、流行音乐.罗列表达:hobbies: swimming, skating, collecting stamps, pop music.(劣)机械表达:my hobbies are swimming, skating, collecting stamps, pop music.(劣)灵活表达:in my spare time i enjoy listening to pop music and collecting stamps. my favorite sports are swimming in summer and skating in winter.(2)内容:白天:上课、做作业晚上:做作业机械重复式:in the daytime, we took lessons and had to do our homework. in the evening, we had to do our homework.(劣)灵活变通式:we have to go to school even at weekends and do much homework both in the daytime and in the evening.(优/2001高考范文)其次,遇到较为抽象、复杂的汉语提示时,应善于变通,可采用转换手段将汉语提示中的雅词妙句转换为较为通俗的汉语,然后再用地道的英语将其表达出来.如:(1)校园环境幽雅,绿树成荫.转换表达:it is quiet in our school and there are a lot of trees in it. / our school is quiet with a lot of trees in it.(2)影响:广为人知,深受青睐(某英文报刊).机械表达:the newspaper is widely known and deeply loved by people.(劣)转换表达:it is a well-known newspaper, which is very popular with students and english learners.(优)另外,由于英语与汉语在语序上存有较大差异,在用英语表达时应调整好语序,以避免出现汉语式英语.如:汉语提示:工厂发展情况:近十年发生巨变.错误表达:in the past ten years the mill has taken place great changes.语序调整:great changes have taken place in this mill in the past ten years.3)注意衔接,避免单句式表达.高考书面表达不同于单句翻译.有些同学表达时只注意了单个句子的完整性,而忽略了句子与句子之间的衔接以及整个语篇的连贯性,致使全文逻辑性不强,可读性差.试比较:原句:60% of the students think that fees should not be charged, .40% of the students think that fees should be charged, .(劣)修正:opinions are divided on the question. 60% of the students are against the idea of entrance fee. .on the other hand, 40% think that fees should be charged, .(优/2002高考范文)分析:原句缺少必要的过渡,句式重复,读起来单调、呆板;修正句巧妙地使用了过渡成分,前后连贯,结构紧凑.在表达方式上前后有所变化,因而收到了满意的表达效果.4)注意写作顺序,避免唯序式表达.表达时切忌千篇一律,完全按照表格内容出现的先后顺序来写.应从语篇角度统筹安排所要表达的内容.必要时在表达顺序上可做适当调整,目的是使全文重点突出,通顺连贯.二、写作实践i.题目要求:红星棉纺厂(hongxing cotton mill)是对外开放企业,目前正准备引进外资,扩大规模.下列图表反映出该厂近十年发生的变化.请根据下表内容,用英语为该厂写一篇简介,以吸引国外投资者向该厂投资. 注意:1.词数:100左右;2.可适当发挥,但要合情合理;3.生词提示:invest(投资).ii.写作提示本文可以采用对比的方式来说明工厂情况.表达时应合理使用表示前后对比的词和短语,如but, however, while, on the contrary等.其次,在表达方式上应注意灵活表达,要避免前后重复.1.确定要点:(1)工厂发展情况;(2)工人人数对比;(3)厂房情况对比;(4)年利润对比;(5)产品种类对比;(6)设备更新情况;(7)欢迎外商投资.2.各要点所用词、短语及句式:(1)develop / take place / great changes / in the past ten years(2)have / there be / as many as. / the number of. is.(3)have / own / there be(4)make money / as much as. / 7 times as much as.(5)there be / produce(6)take the place of / change for(7)be welcome / invest / foreign investment将上述所列出的词、短语等扩展成句.注意时态、语态的正确运用并适当使用一些连接成分将所列的语句连成完整的语篇.全文应结构紧凑,前后连贯.iii.参考答案great changes have taken place in hongxing cotton mill in the past ten years. it had only 400 workers in 1993, but there are as many as 3,000 now. now the mill has 75 workshops, but there were only 20 ten years ago. now the total amount of money the mill makes in a year has reached as much as 28,000,000 yuan, which is 7 times the amount of 1993. in 1993, there were only 9 kinds of products, but today the mill can produce more than 20 kinds. whats more, the mill has got rid of the old equipment and introduced much advanced, scientific equipment. foreign investments are welcome.第二节：完形填空(共20小题：每小题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(a、b、c和d)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。(2012太原调研)flood, flood, floodon friday, april 18 i came home after two hours of sandbagging, wondering how anyone could do that for so long.i was_36_， sweaty, and sore from my legs up.people were all determined to save their_37_. and we did not have school that day.you couldnt switch a_38_on tv without seeing the news of the_39_.i was sad._40_the river was a long way from our place, i still_41_sorry for the people who had to _42_their homes go under the fearful red river.i went to bed that night with a terrible_43_ in my mind.the next morning my mum woke my sister and me up and told us to_44_our things.the water was _45_ sort of far away, but she didnt want to take any_46_.my father brought us to red river high school where we took a bus to the air force base.my dad stayed behind to work at the hospital _47_there was a shortage of_48_.the place we stayed in was called a hangar (飞机库) .it was_49_and crowded.my sister found a friend so i didnt see much of her._50_i was bored enough to sleep.the next day my dad came and we all piled in the car and_51_to my grandparents farm in south dakota.we stayed with my grandparents and went to school in the small town of leola.we_52_there on may 29.i _53_that the flood waters never even entered our home.we were all_54_for our good luck.the town was damaged to the tiniest detail.then we saw people cleaning and working hard.the cleaning continued and life_55_， but we will always remember the terrible flood.文章大意：本文讲述了作者经历的一场洪灾。36a.dirty b.tidy cangry dhappy37a.children b.fields c.lives dhomes38a.program b.channel c.play dreport39a.flood b.rain c.town d.field40a.even though bhowever c.as long as d.if only41a.sensed b.noticed c.felt d.found42a.sound b.make c.have d.watch43a.word b.washing c.noise dfeeling44a.fetch b.send c.pack d.throw45a.ever b.still c.only d.just46a.chances b.steps c.sides dactions47a.though b.because c.while duntil48a.teachers b.nurses ccleaners d.patients49a.noisy b.quiet c.large d.comfortable50a.after all b.as a result c.above all d.as a whole51a.ran b.drove c.toured d.flew52a.arrived b.left cstarted dfinished53a.took out b.looked out cfound out dput out54a.thankful b.scared csor