高考英语 阅读理解基础精品练习题（2）.doc

2014高考英语阅读理解基础精品练习题（2）及答案 (2011湖北卷，c)in todays throwaway society，dealing with the citys growing mountain of waste is an increasing challenge for the city council(市议会)recently, edinburgh is faced with the problem of disposing of(处理)about 250,000 million tons of waste a year. despite different ways to dispose of much of it in a green mannerlargely through encouraging recyclingits aging facilities such as the powderhall landfill do not have the ability to deal with it.the european union(eu) has issued a new policy，regulating how such mountains of waste are to be disposed of.the five councils (edinburgh，east lothian, west lothian，midlothian and borders) face fines around 18 million a year from 2013 if they dont increase recycling levels and rely less on landfill.with this in mind，the councils got together with the idea of building a large incinerator plant (垃圾焚烧厂)to burn half of the waste produced in their districts.but this plan fell apart after the change of target levels by a new uk government waste policy which required that no more than 25% of the citys waste should be disposed of in this way by 2025.after the plan was abandoned，a private company which already transported millions of tons of the citys waste by train to a landfill site near dunbar，offered an alternative solution when it suggested opening a huge waste site near portobello.since powderhall is supposed to close in 2015，it seemed necessary for the members of the edinburgh council to accept the suggestion.but soon they turned it downafter 700 local objections reached thembecause it would have meant hundreds of lorries a day making loud noise through heavily populated areas.that still leaves the council with a problem.by 2013，only 50% of 1995 levels of waste will be allowed to be sent to landfill.even if recycling targets are met，there will still be a large amount of rubbish to be burnt up.due to this，edinburgh and midlothian councils have now decided to work together to build an incinerator plant as time to find a solution is fast running out.回收利用曾是最绿色的垃圾处理方式。 但是，这种处理方法却不能短时间内满足欧盟对于及时解决废物的政策需求，因此，在回收利用的同时，他们还是得重建一所大型的垃圾焚烧厂。9the main way of handling waste in a green manner in edinburgh is _.arecycling brestoringcburying dburning答案：a。细节判断题。第二段中的信息词“largely through encouraging recycling”可以断定选项a的说法是与原文保持一致的。10the five councils worked out a plan to build an incinerator plant to _.areduce the cost of burying waste bmeet the eu requirements cspeed up waste recyclingdreplace landfill sites答案：b。细节判断题。在第三个段落的开头提到了“the eu has issued a new policy.”便可以断定他们制定这个处理垃圾的计划也正是这个政策的出台，所以与选项b的说法是相符合的。11the city council of edinburgh rejected the suggestion to open a huge landfill site near portobello because _.ait came from a private company bthe council was not interested in it cit was not supported by eudthe local people were against it答案：d。细节判断题。根据倒数第二段最后一句“.700 local objections reached them.”，可以断定市民是反对的。12what is the final decision of edinburgh and midlothian councils? ato open a new landfill nearby.bto close the powderhall landfill in 2015.cto set up a plant for burning waste.dto persuade people to reduce their waste.答案：c。细节判断题。根据文章最后一句话中的“set up an incenerator plant”，即：建一个垃圾焚烧厂，就可以断定，选项c与本信息句是相吻合的。5推断试题：这类题主要考查学生对文章句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系的理解，如何推测文章表面信息的深层含义、判断作者的意图、态度、观点、语气.这类试题的结构如下：*the passage is probably written for _.*what is implied but not stated ?*the paragraph is probably taken from _* it can be inferred in the story that _.*the writer implied that _.*whats the writers attitude towards _?*what can be concluded from the passage ?*what is the writers purpose ?*from the passage we can draw a conclusion that _.our village carpenter, john hill,came one day and made a dining table for my wife.he made it just the right size to fill the space between the two windows.when i got home that evening, john was drinking a cup of tea and writing out his bill for the job. my wife said to me quietly, “it is ninth cup of tea today.”but she said in a loud voice, “it is a beautiful table, dear, isnt it ?”“ill decided about that when i see the bill ”i read : one dining table, 10 november, 1989. cost of wood :$ 17.00paint :$ 1.50 work:8 hours ($1 an hour) $ 8.00total :$36.50 when i was looking at the bill, john said, “it is been a fine day, hasnt it ? quite sunny. ”“yes”i said “im glad it is only the 10th of november.”“me, too” said john, “you wait.itll be a lot colder by the end of the month ”“yes, colder and more expensive ! dining tables will be be $ 20 more expensive on november 30th, wont they, john ?”john looked hard at me for half a minute.was there a little smile in his two blue eyes ?i gave his bill back to him.“if it isnt too much trouble, john, ”i said, “please add it up again and you can forget the date.”i paid him $ 26.50 and he was happy to get it.1why did john talk about the weather when the writer was looking at the bill ?because he didnt want the writer to go through the bill carefully.because it was really a fine day because he wanted the writer to check the bill carefully because he wanted to tell the writer what the weather was like.答案：a解析：本题是推断试题，根据上下文语境，john 故意分散作者注意力，使作者不能仔细查帐目。2from the story we know that _.a.john made a mistake in the bill b.john tried to fool the writer in order to get more money for his work.c.john had written out the bill before the writer got home.d.john still wanted to get $ 36.50 for his work in the end.答案：b解析：本题是推断判断题,根据上下文，作者查帐，john故意说话，是要愚弄作者。6猜测词义：根据上下文或句子意思猜测单词或短语的意思。试题结构如下：*the word “”in the first paragraph probably means _.*the underlined phrase “”in the article probably means _.*the word “it”in the last paragraph refers to _.*in line 6, the word “”could best be replaced by _.*“”is a synonym for _.london thursday july 26 (reuters)-eddy missed his girlfriend anna so much he flew back to britain from australia to propose to her.the problem is she did the same in the opposite direction. he and anna even managed to miss each other when they sat in the same airport waiting room in singapore at the same time to wait for connecting flights. .the underlined word “miss”in paragraph 2 most probably means _.a.fail to meet b. fail to understand c. escape from d long to see答案：a 解析：根据第二段可知，他们在同一个候机室，可没看见彼此。【专题训练与高考预测】 agrown-ups know that people and objects are solid. at the movies, we know that if we reach out to touch tom cruise, all we will feel is air. but does a baby have this understanding? to see whether babies know objects are solid. t. bower designed a method for projecting an optical illusion(视觉影像)of a hanging ball. his plan was to first give babies a real ball, one they could be expected to show surprised in their faces and movements, all the 16 to 24-week-old babies tested were surprised when they reached for the illusion and found that the ball was not there.grown-ups also have a sense of object permanence. we know that if we put a box in a room and lock the door, the box will still be there when we come back. but does a baby realize that a ball that rolls under a chair does not disappear and go to never-never land?experiments done by bower suggest that babies develop a sense of object permanence when they are about 18 weeks old. in his experiments, bower used a toy train that went behind a screen. when 16-week-old and 22-week-old babies watched the toy train disappear behind the left side of the screen, they looked to the right, expecting it to re-appear. if the experiment took the train off the table and lifted the screen, all the babies seemed surprised not to see the train. this seems to show that all the babies had a sense of object permanence. but the second part of the experiment showed that this was not really the case. the re-searcher substituted(替换) a ball for the train when it went behind the screen. the 22-week-old babies seemed surprised and looked back to the left side for the train. but the 16-week-old babies did not seem to notice the switch(更换).thus,the 16-week-old babies seemed to have a sense of “something permanence,” while the 22-week-old babies had a sense of object permanence related to a particular object.1.the passage is mainly about .a.babiessense of sight b.effects of experiments on babies c.babiesunderstanding of objects d.different tests on babiesfeelings2.in paragraph 3, “object permanence” means that when out of sight, and object .a.still exists b.keeps its shape c.still stays solid d.is beyond reach3.what did bower use in his experiments?a.a chair b.a screen c.a film d.a box4. 39.which of the following statements is true?a.the babies didnt have a sense of direction.b.the older babies preferred toy trains to balls.c. the younger babies liked looking for missing objectsd.the babies couldnt tell a ball from its optical illusion.【参考答案】a本文是一篇科普短文，大意是通过实验研究儿童是否知道物体是固体，具有物体持久性的感觉，研究表明，16周到24周的婴儿都知道物体是有形的固体，然而第一项研究表明只有18周以上的婴儿才对某个特定的物体的认识具有持久性。1.解析 本题考查主旨大意的把握能力。本文通过科学家的研究和对研究结果的解释，旨在说明婴儿对物体的理解。答案：c2.解析 本题考查词义理解能力。通过对第二项研究情况的阅读和第三段的解释得知“object permanence”意思是“物体依然存在”。答案：a3.解析 本题考查细节理解能力。第二段和第四段中所述的bower的两个实验中都用到了screen. 答案：b 4.解析 本题考查证误判断能力。第二段中所述实验情况表明：婴儿伸手去摸屏幕上的影像，说明他们事先不能区分一个真正的球和影像的区别。答案：d*结束 b the three gorges (三峡)dam, the largest dam in the world, is also the largest engineering project on the face of the earth. it aims to make the mother of all floods, the changjiang river, into a tame river and it will be the largest power source for much of eastern and central china.it will create a huge, deep-water lake, and make it possible for 10,000 ton ocean going ships to sail 15,000 miles inland from the pacific to the city of chongqing with its 30 million people, making it the words largest river port.construction has already started. the dam will be a-bout 6,860 feet long and 611 feet high, at a spot called sandouping near yichang.after many years of investigation(调研)experts have drawn a conclusion that this grand project will do a great deal of good. the most important thing is flood control.by building a dam instead of new coal plants to meet its growing demand for electricity, china will give off much less poisonous gases into the air.however, some scientists dont agree to the project. they say that chongqing and dozens of other cities along the river will put much waste into the reservoir(水库),which can do harm to people, fish and other living things that depend on the river. sedimentation(沉积)and damage of a breach (决口)are problems, too.the three gorges dam could be considered, when it is finished in 2009,a new eighth wonder of the world as to the size alone.5. which is not the purpose to build such a huge dam?a.to make electricity. b.to prevent floods.c.to improve navigation(运输) d.to make it a wonder.6. where does the dam lie ?a.near chongqing. b.near yichang.c.in the three gorges d.in wuhan.7. it will take about to complete the dam.a.eight years b.more than ten yearsc.half a century d.more than twenty years.8. some scientists fear that .a.when the dam is built, the balance of nature may be destroyedb. sedimentation may occur c.a breach may cause millions of people to die or to be homelessd.electricity will not be as much as expected9. according to the passage, which of the following statements is not right?a.when finished, the dam will be one of the main bases of power source of china. b.people have different ideas about the setting up of the dam c.it will take many years to build the dam because people want to see whether it will be safe and strong enough. d.chongqing will become the largest river port in the world when the dam is finished.【参考答案】b5.解析 三峡大坝建成后可能成为第八大奇迹，但这并不是修大坝的目的，而a、b、c项的内容从文中可看出都是建大坝的目的。答案 d6.解析 从文中的直接信息可知三峡大坝位于宜昌附近的三斗坪。7.解析 文中有明确信息，三峡大责的修建工程已经开始，并将于2009年工程全面竣工，因此整个大坝的修建工程将历时16年。即使不知道大坝开工的具体时间，也应该知道是九十年代，至少不是8年，而c、d明显不符。答案b8.并非所有的科学家都赞同修大坝，他们担心沿长江城市会往水库排废物，而伤害到人、鱼及其他生物造成生态平衡破坏。b、c内容在文中都有出现，但都不全。答案a9.c项的内容显然与文章和客观情况不符大坝不可能边修边看值不值得修。d(2011重庆卷，e)skeptics are a strange lot.some of them refuse to admit the serious threat of human activities to the enviroment, and they are tired of people who disagree with them.those people，say skeptics，spread nothing but bad news about the environment.the “ecoguilt”brought on by the discouraging news about our planet gives rise to the popularity of skeptics as people search for more comforting worldviews.perhaps that explains why a new book by bjorn lomborg received so much publicity.that book ，the skeptical environmentalist, declares that it measures the “real state of the world”as fine. of course ，another explanation is the deep pockets of some big businesses with special interests. indeed, mr. lomborgs views are similar to those of some industryfunded organizations, which start huge activities through the media to confuse the public about issues like global warming.so it was strange to see mr. lomborgs book go largely unchallenged in the media though his beliefs were contrary to most scientific opinions. one national newspaper in canada ran a number of articles and reviews full of words of praise, even with the conclusion that “after lomborg, the environmental movement will begin to die down.”such onesided views should have immediately been challenged. but only a different review appeared in nature, a respected science magazine with specific readership. the review remarked that mr. lomborgs “preference for unexamined materials is incredible(不可信的)”a critical (批判的)eye is valuable, and the media should present information in such a way that could allow people to make informed decisions. unfortunately, that is often inaccessible as blocked by the desire to be shocking or to defend some special interests. people might become halfblind before a world partially exhibited by the media. thats a shame, because matters concerning the health of the planet are far too important to be treated lightly.本文讲述了怀疑论者不承认人类活动对环境造成的危胁，认为地球状况是良好的，这迎合了一些追求利益的商业公司。但是关系地球健康的问题是相当重要的，人们一定要严肃对待。13. according to the passage, which of the following may be regarded as “skeptics”？a. people who agree on the popularity of “ecoguilt”b. people who disbelieve the serious situation of our planet.c. people who dislike the harmful effect of human activities.d. people who spread comforting news to protect our environment.答案：b。细节理解题。根据短文第一段可知，怀疑论者不承认人类活动对环境的影响。短文第二段第二句话中提到，他们认为世界的真正状态是好的，由此可知b项正确。14. which of the following can be a reason for the popularity of lomborgs book?asome big businesses intend to protect their own interests. bthe book challenges views about the fine state of the world.cthe author convinces people to seek comforting worldviews.dindustryfunded media present confusing information.答案：a。细节理解题。根据短文第二段最后一句话可知lomborg的观点与一些由工业资助的组织的观点是相似的。因此可知这些大的组织为了自己的利益也不会注重环保。15. the author mentioned the review in nature in order to _.a. voice a different opinionb. find fault with lomborgs book c. challenge the authority of the mediad. point out the value of scientific views答案：a。推理判断题。第三段提到加拿大的一家报纸对lomborg的书大加赞扬，第四段又提到这片面的观点应当受到挑战，然后说“nature”杂志上就有不同的评论。由此可知a项正确。16. what is the authors main purpose in writing the passage?a. to encourage the skeptics to have a critical eye.b. to warn the public of the danger of halfblindness with reviews.c. to blame the medias lack of responsibility in presenting information.d. to show the importance of presenting overall information by the media.答案：d。作者意图题。由短文最后一段第二句话可知，媒体应当提供全方位的信息，让人们在了解情况的前提下做出决定。由此可知d项正确。e(2011四川卷，e)in business, theres a speed difference：its the difference between how important a firms leaders say speed is to their competitive (竞争的) strategy(策略)and how fast the company actually moves.the difference is important regardless of industry and company size. companies fearful of losing their competitive advantage spend much time and money looking for ways to pick up the speed.in our study of 343 businesses, the companies that chose to go, go, go to try to gain_an_edge ended up with lower sales and operating incomes than those that paused at key moments to make sure they were on the right track. whats more, the firms that “slowed down to speed up ”improved their top and bottom lines, averaging 40% higher sales and 52% higher operating incomes over a threeyear period.how did they disobey the_laws_of_business_physics,_taking more time than competitors yet performing better? they thought differently about what “slower ” and “faster” mean. firms sometimes fail to understand the difference between operational speed (moving quickly )and strategic speed (reducing the time it takes to deliver value ). simply increasing the speed of production, for example, may be one way to try to reduce the speed difference. but that often leads to reduced value over time, in the form of lowerquality products and services.in our study, higherperforming companies with strategic speed always made changes when neces