高考英语二轮专题复习 阅读理解 环境保护类提分训练（真题集锦含解析）新人教版(1).doc

环境保护类(2013大纲版全国卷e)the oldest and most common source(来源)of renewable energy known to man,biomass is one of the most important forms of energy production in the united states and elsewhere.since such a wide variety of biomass materials is everywherefrom trees and grasses to agricultural and city-life wastesbiomass promises to play a continuing role in providing power and heat for millions of people around the world.according to the union of concerned scientists(ucs),biomass is a kind of renewable energy source that produces no carbon dioxide(二氧化碳),because the energy it contains comes from the sun.when plant matter is burned,it gives off the suns energy.in this way,biomass serves as a sort of natural battery(电池)for storing the suns energy.as long as biomass is produced continuouslywith only as much grown as is usedthe“battery”lasts forever.according to the energy information administration, biomass has been one of the leading renewable energy sources in the united states for several years running through 2007, making up between 0.5 and 0.9 percent of the nations total electricity supply.in 2008although the numbers arent all in yetwind power probably took over first place because of the rapid development of wind farms across the country.producing power from biomass helps reduce some 11 million tons of carbon dioxide each year.some homeowners also try to make their own heat by using biomass materials.such practice may save homeownersmoney, but it also produces a lot of pollution. so, the best way is to encourage power plants to use it.【文章大意】本文主要介绍了biomass(生物能)将为世界上成千上万的人们提供能源和热量。72.why is biomass considered as“a sort of natural battery”?a.it burns merely plant matter.b.it keeps producing electricity.c.it stores the energy from the sun.d.it produces zero carbon dioxide.【解析】选c。细节理解题。根据第二段的biomass serves as a sort of natural battery for storing the suns energy可知,biomass起到一种天然电池的作用,是因为它存储了太阳的能量。故选c。73.we learn from the text that in 2008.a.wind power would be the leader of renewable energyb.there was a rapid growth of electricity productionc.biomass might become the main energy sourced.0.5 0.9% of power supply came from biomass【解析】选a。细节理解题。根据第三段的最后一句可知,在2008年,风能有可能在可再生能源的使用中位居榜首。故选a。74. why does the author encourage power plants to use biomass?a. to prevent the waste of energy.b. to increase production safety.c. to reduce pollution.d. to save money.【解析】选c。细节理解题。根据最后一段可知使用生物能每年可以减少11 000 000吨的二氧化碳,如果家庭使用,虽然会节约钱,但会造成污染,所以作者鼓励发电厂使用生物能。由此可知选c。75. where does the text probably come from?a. a research plan.b. a science magazine.c. a book review.d. a business report.【解析】选b。推理判断题。这篇文章向读者介绍了生物能这种能源,所以本文很可能选自科学杂志。故选b。(2013安徽卷b)using too much water or throwing rubbish into our rivers are clear ways that humans can put our water supply in danger,but we also affect our water supply in less obvious ways.you may wonder how paving(铺砌)a road can lead to less useable fresh water.a major part of the water we use every day is groundwater.groundwater does not come from lakes or rivers.it comes from underground.the more roads and parking lots we pave,the less water can flow into the ground to become groundwater.human activity is not responsible for all water shortages(短缺).drier climates are of course more likely to have droughts(干旱)than areas with more rainfall,but in any case,good management can help to make sure there is enough water to meet our basic needs.thinking about the way we use water every day can make a big difference,too.in the united states,a family of four can use 1.5 tons of water a day!this shows how much we depend on water to live,but theres a lot we can do to lower the number.you can take steps to save water in your home.to start with,use the same glass for your drinking water all day.wash it only once a day.run your dishwasher(洗碗机)only when it is full.help your parents fix any leaks in your home.you can even help to keep our water supply clean by recycling batteries instead of throwing them away.【文章大意】本文主要讲人类的各种活动影响了水资源的供应,为此还特别给出了在家里节省水资源的方法。60.which of the following is most likely to lead to less groundwater?a.using river water.b.throwing batteries away.c.paving parking lots.d.throwing rubbish into lakes.【解析】选c。细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句the more roads and parking lots we pave,the less water can flow into the ground to become groundwater.可知我们铺的路和停车场越多,就有越少的水流进地下变成地下水,因此选c。61.what can be inferred from the text?a.all water shortages are due to human behavior.b.it takes a lot of effort to meet our water needs.c.there is much we can do to reduce family size.d.the average family in america makes proper use of water.【解析】选b。推理判断题。根据最后一段可以推断出要想满足我们对水的需要就要付出很多的努力,故b项是正确的。根据第二段第一句human activity is not responsible for all water shortages.可知a项表述是不正确的;c项在文中未提到;根据第三段可知d项表述也是错误。62.the last paragraph is intended to.a.show us how to fix leaks at homeb.tell us how to run a dishwasherc.prove what drinking glass is best for usd.suggest what we do to save water at home【解析】选d。推理判断题。最后一段的第一句是中心句,其目的是告诉我们在家里如何节约用水。63.the text is mainly about.a.why paving roads reduces our waterb.how much we depend on water to livec.why droughts occur more in dry climatesd.how human activity affects our water supply【解析】选d。主旨大意题。第一段讲人们铺路和建停车场造成了地下水短缺;第二段讲人类的活动不是要为所有的水资源短缺负责,但好的管理能够确保满足我们对水的基本需要;第三段讲我们用水的方式也会对水资源有影响;第四段讲在家里节省水资源的方法。纵观整篇文章可知人类活动影响水资源供应,故选d。(2013辽宁卷b) going green seems to be a fad(时尚)for a lot of people these days. whether that is good or bad, we cant really say, but for the two of us, going green is not a fad but a lifestyle. on april 22, 2011, we decided to go green every single day for an entire year. this meant doing 365 different green things, and it also meant challenging ourselves to go green beyond the easy things. rather than recycle and reduce our energy, we had to think of 365 different green things to do and this was no easy task. with the idea of going green every single day for a year, our green year started. my wife and i decided to educate people about how they could go green in their lives and hoped we could show people all the green things that could be done to help the environment. we wanted to push the message that every little bit helps. over the course of our green year, we completely changed our lifestyles. we now shop at organic(有机的)stores. we consume less meat, choosing green food. we have greatly reduced our buying we dont need. we have given away half of what we owned through websites. our home is kept clean by vinegar and lemon juice, with no chemical cleaners. we make our own butter, enjoying the smell of home-made fresh bread. in our home office anyone caught doing something ungreen might be punished. our minds have been changed by our green year. we are grateful for the chance to have been able to go green and educate others. we believe that we do have the power to change things and help our planet. 【文章大意】本文介绍了作者在一年中崇尚环保,过绿色环保生活的经历。60.what might be the best title for the passage?a.going greenb.protecting the planetc.keeping open-mindedd.celebrating our green year【解析】选a。主旨大意题。从文章的第一段可以看出本文主要介绍了绿色生活的经历。61.it was difficult for the couple to live a green life for the whole year because.a.they were expected to follow the green fadb.they didnt know how to educate other peoplec.they were unwilling to reduce their energyd.they needed to perform unusual green tasks【解析】选d。细节理解题。从文章的第二段可以看出过环保生活对于作者夫妇是个挑战,他们要做的事情也很多。62.what did the couple do over the course of our green year?a.they tried to get out of their ungreen habits.b.they ignored others ungreen behavior.c.they chose better chemical cleaners.d.they sold their home-made food.【解析】选a。细节理解题。从文章的倒数第二段中.we completely changed our lifestyles.以及其后的介绍可知他们改变了以前的不环保的生活习惯。63.what can we infer from the last paragraph?a.the government will give support to the green project.b.the couple may continue their project in the future.c.some people disagree with the couples green ideas.d.our green year is becoming a national campaign.【解析】选b。推理判断题。从文章最后一段中we are grateful for the chance to have been able to go green and educate others.可以看出作者一家从这次活动中受益良多,有可能会继续下去。(2013天津卷b)last nights meteor(流星)shower left many people in the community dissatisfied and demanding answers.according to gabe rothschild, emerald valleys mayor, people gathered in the suburbs of the city, carrying heavy telescopes, expecting to watch the brightly burning meteors passing through the sky.what they found instead was a sky so brightened by the citys lights that it darkened the light of the meteors passing overhead.“my family was so frustrated, ”admitted town resident duane cosby.“we wanted to make this an unforgettable family outing, but it turned out to be a huge disappointment.”astronomersscientists who study stars and planetshave been complaining about this problem for decades.they say that light pollution prevents them from seeing objects in the sky that they could see quite easily in the past.they call on people and the government to take measures to fight against it.there is yet a population besides professional and amateur star observers that suffers even more from light pollution.this population consists of birds, bats, frogs, snakes, etc.for example, outdoor lighting severely affects migrating(迁徙的)birds.according to the international dark-sky association.“100 million birds a year throughout north america die in crashes with lighted buildings and towers.”countless more animal casualties(伤亡)result from the use of artificial lighting.clearly, people enjoy the benefits of lighting their evenings, but some scientists think it can be harmful for humans, too.they worry that exposure to light while sleeping can increase a persons chances of getting cancer.emerald valley is only one community that is becoming aware of the negative effects of light pollution.for years, flagstaff, arizona, has enforced lighting regulations in its city in order to assist astronomers at the lowell observatory.similar efforts have been made worldwide, and a movement is underway to remind us to turn off lights when we are not using them, so that other creatures can share the night.【文章大意】本文通过人们抱怨因人类灯光而看不清楚流星这件事,引出光污染这个话题,后面从多个方面论述了光污染的危害,并呼吁人们注意这个问题。41.it happened last night that.a.the citys lights affected the meteor watchingb.the meteors flew past before being noticedc.the city light show attracted many peopled.the meteor watching ended up a social outing【解析】选a。细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知,因为城市的灯光太亮,使得流星划过天空时人们看得不是很清晰。42. what do the astronomers complain about?a.meteor showers occur less often than before.b.their observation equipment is in poor repair.c.light pollution has remained unsolved for years.d.their eyesight is falling due to artificial lighting.【解析】选c。推理判断题。根据第三段第一句可知,天文学家抱怨这个问题很多年了,可以推知这个问题存在多年未曾解决,故选c。其余选项说法与文章明显不符。43. what is the author concerned about according to paragraph 4?a.birds may take other migration paths.b.animalsliving habits may change suddenly.c.varieties of animals will become sharply reduced.d.animalssurvival is threatened by outdoor lighting.【解析】选d。推理判断题。本段提到一些光污染影响了鸟、蝙蝠、青蛙和蛇等动物,并以迁徙的鸟类为例作出了说明,所以应该选d。44.lighting regulations in flagstaff,arizona are put into effect to.a.lessen the chance of getting cancerb.create an ideal observation conditionc.ensure citizens a good sleep at nightd.enable all creatures to live in harmony【解析】选b。推理判断题。最后一段第二句提到灯光管理规定的实施旨在帮助天文学家,与b项相符,故选b。45. what message does the author most want to give us?a.saving wildlife is saving ourselves.b.great efforts should be made to save energy.c.human activities should be environmentally friendly.d.new equipment should be introduced for space study.【解析】选c。主旨大意题。文章主要讲的是光污染的危害以及提醒人们注意这个问题,所以这是与c项提到的人类活动应该更环保是一致的,故选c。(2013江西卷d)one might expect that the ever-growing demands of the tourist trade would bring nothing but good for the countries that receive the holiday-makers.indeed,a rosy picture is painted for the long-term future of the holiday industry.every month sees the building of a new hotel somewhere.and every month another rock-bound pacific island is advertised as the“last paradise(天堂)on earth”.however,the scale and speed of this growth seem set to destroy the very things tourists want to enjoy.in those countries where there was a rush to make quick money out of sea-side holidays,over-crowded beaches and the concrete jungles of endless hotels have begun to lose their appeal.those countries with little experience of tourism can suffer most.in recent years,nepal set out to attract foreign visitors to fund developments in health and education.its forests,full of wildlife and rare flowers,were offered to tourists as one more untouched paradise.in fact,the nature all too soon felt the effects of thousands of holiday-makers traveling through the forest land.ancient tracks became major routes for the walkers,with the consequent exploitation of precious trees and plants.not only can the environment of a country suffer from the sudden growth of tourism.the people as well rapidly feel its effects.farmland makes way for hotels, roads and airports; the old way of life goes.the one-time farmer is now the servant of some multi-national organization;he is no longer his own master.once it was his back that bore the pain;now it is his smile that is exploited. no doubt he wonders whether he wasnt happier in his village working his own land.thankfully, the tourist industry is waking up to the responsibilities it has towards those countries that receive its customers.the protection of wildlife and the creation of national parks go hand in hand with tourist development and in fact obtain financial support from tourist companies. at the same time, tourists are being encouraged to respect not only the countryside they visit but also its people.the way tourism is handled in the next ten years will decide its fate and that of the countries we all want to visit.their needs and problems are more important than those of the tourist companies.increased understanding in planning world-wide tourism can preserve the market for these companies.if not, in a few yearstime the very things that attract tourists now may well have been destroyed.【文章大意】本文讲述了旅游业所带来的影响。71. what does the author indicate in the last sentence of