高考英语二轮阅读理解精英训练精品题（7）.doc

2014高考英语二轮阅读理解精英训练精品题（7）及答案高考英语冲刺阅读理解专项-aan overweight, middle-aged man lies dead on a trolley, with a woman weeping over his body. the body s cold hand still grasps a half-eaten mcdonald s hamburger. american doctors tv ad features the image which weakens the slightest of appetites and the line i was lovin it the hard-hitting us television commercial supported by a washington-based medical group has angered mcdonald s by taking an unusually direct shot at the world s biggest fast-food chain this week. the line is a twist on mcdonald s long-standing advertising slogan, im lovin it” and a voiceover intones：“high cholesterol, high blood pressure, heart attacks. tonight, make it vegetarian.” the commercial，funded by the physicians committee for responsible medicine ( pcrm ) goes further than most non-profit advertising and has drawn an angry reaction from both the chicago-based hamburger multinational and the broader restaurant industry. the national restaurant association criticised it as irresponsible and said it was an attempt to scare the public with a limited” view of nutrition. a mcdonald s spokesman said：this commercial is unbearable, misleading and unfair to all consumers. mcdonald s trusts our customers to make food and lifestyle choices that are right for them. ” the commercial，to be aired at the beginning in the washington area but potentially in fuither us cities, comes amid an increasingly lively debate in the us about healthy eating. the first lady, michelle obamarhas made nutrition a signature issue and is leading a campaign to encourage physical fitness and improved diets - particularly among american children，a third of whom are overweight. the economic decline has hardly helped the healthy eating cause. mcdonald s has enjoyed a relatively prosperous financial crisis as diners choose its affordable offerings in place of more expensive high-street restaurants. its global profits for the six months to june were up 12% to $ 2. 3billion, powered by sales rises both in the united states and britain. the pcrm s director of nutrition education, susan levin, made no apologies for singling out the golden arches(拱门)： “ mcdonald s is one of the biggest fast-food chains in the world. its name and its golden arches are instantly recognisable. we feel we re making a point about all fast food when we talk about mcdonald s. ”1. the ad-maker makes a change in the mcdonald s slogan _.a. to warn people of risk of eating fast foodb. to convince people of cause of the deathc. to remind people of the man s preferenced. to accuse the mcdonald s of the murder答案解析：答案为a。由第二段 “the line is a twist on mcdonald s long-standing advertising slogan, im lovin it” and a voiceover intones: high cholesterol, high blood pressure, heart attacks. tonight, make it vegetarian.”可知，广告商对麦当劳的标语进行了改变是因为麦当劳的食物含有高胆固醇，它还会导致高血压，心脏病，因此广告商们警告人们吃麦当劳食物的危险，故答案为a。d选项“控告麦当劳谋杀”夸大了广告商的意图，故不选。2. the goal of this passage is to tell us that_.a. the tv commercial goes too farb. people enjoy eating fast food for its tastec. michelle obama s campaign doesn t workd. mcdonald s provides unhealthy food答案解析：答案为d。本题考查文章的写作目的。文章第一、二段介绍了广告商对麦当劳的标语进行了改变，意在警告人们麦当劳食物的危险性，后面的内容介绍了这样的广告惹怒了麦当劳和快餐饮食业，然而这种非盈利的广告还是得到了公众的支持，并且美国第一夫人michelle obama也在健康饮食运动中签字，最后一段重申了pcrm总会长susan levin的意见，对于打击麦当劳没有任何歉意，快餐食品危害人们的健康。因此，本文的写作目的就是告诉人们麦当劳的食物不健康。a、b、c都与写作目的无关，故不选。3. “the golden arches” in the last paragraph refers to _.a. the lineb. the adc. mcdonald sd. fast food答案解析：答案为c。本题为词义猜测题。由最后一段“the golden arches（金色的拱门）”后面的内容 “mcdonald s is one of the biggest fast-food chains in the world. its name and its golden arches are instantly recognisable.”可知，“the golden arches”指代的是麦当劳，故答案为c。4. what is the theme of the passage?a. a fierce debate about healthy eatingb. mcdonald s targeted in us health adc. a us health ad advocates healthy lifed. say goodbye to mcdonald s right now答案解析：答案为b。本题考查文章的主题。结合第2题的分析可知，本文的主题是围绕麦当劳成为美国健康饮食广告的打击对象而展开，故答案为b。阅读理解- (2011安徽卷，e)george prochnik would like the world to_put_a_sock_in_it. he makes his case in a new book, listening for meaning in a world of noise. here he explains himself (using his indoor voice)：“weve become so accustomed to noise, theres almost a deep prejudice against the idea that silence might be beneficial. if you tell someone to be quiet, you sound like an old man. but its never been more important to find continuing quiet. silence focuses us, improves our health, and is a key to lasting peace and satisfaction.”“we need to excite people about the sounds you start to hear if you merely quiet things down a little. during a japanese tea ceremony, the smallest sounds becomes a kind of artthe spoons making a light ringing sound on a bowl, the edges of a kimono (和服)brushing against the floor.”“deaf people are very attentive(专注的)in almost every aspect of life. if two deaf people are walking together, using sign language，they constantly watch out for each other and protect each other by paying steady attention to the other. they are connected yet also fully aware of their surroundings. even deaf teenagers! we in the hearing world can learn from them. if we remove the powerful blasts(一阵阵)of noise, we become aware of an extraordinarily rich world around usof little soft and the sound of footsteps, of bird songs and ice cracking(开裂声). its astonishing how beautiful things sound when you can really listen. ”我们生活在一个充满噪音的世界里，并且习以为常。但让我们安静下来倾听吧，我们会发现世界是更加美好的，这对我们是有益的。17. what does the phrase “to put a sock in it” in paragraph 1 probably mean?a. to be quiet.b. to be colorful.c. to be full of love.d. to be attentive to someone.答案：a。词义猜测题。由下文内容可知，george prochnik认为人们习惯了周围噪音的存在，但却没有意识到安静的环境对人们是有益的，故画线部分点出了他的观点，即希望世界是安静的。18. what does prochnik say about us?a. we are used to quietnesss.b. we have to put up with noise.c. we do not think silence to be beneficial.d. we do not believe lasting peace to be available.答案：c。细节理解题。由第二段第一句话可知，我们习惯了噪音的存在，因而对安静对人们有益这一说法有很深的偏见，故c项正确。19. which of the following is true according to prochnik?a. we need more sounds in our lives.b. there is nothing to be learned from the deaf.c. we are not aware how rich the world around us is.d. there is too much noise at a japanese tea ceremony.答案：c。细节理解题。根据最后一段内容可知，聋哑人能专注于周围的环境，这一点是我们有听力的人应该向他们学习的，因此，如果我们能摆脱周围的噪音的话，我们就会意识到周围的世界是多么的丰富多彩。20. it can be inferred from the text that _.a. we can benefit a lot from old peopleb. it is a good idea to use sign languagec. there is no escape from the world of sound d. it is possible to find how beautiful things sound答案：d。推理判断题。根据文章最后一句its astonishing how beautiful things sound when you can really listen.可知，当我们能真正聆听大自然的各种声音的时候，我们就会发现周围的世界是美好的。阅读理解-c82012四川卷 plants are flowering faster than scientists predicted(预测)in reaction to climate change, which could have long damaging effects on food chains and ecosystems.global warming is having a great effect on hundreds of plant and animal species around the world, changing some living patterns, scientists say.increased carbon dioxide(co2)in the air from burning coal and oil can have an effect on how plants produce oxygen, while higher temperatures and changeable rainfall patterns can change their patterns of growth.“predicting species reaction to climate change is a major challenge in ecology，” said the researchers of several us. universities. they said plants had been the key object of study because their reaction to climate change could have an effect on food chains and ecosystem services.the study, published on the nature website, uses the findings from plant life cycle studies and experiments across four continents and 1,634 species. it found that some experiments had underestimated(低估) the speed of flowering by 8.5 times and leafing by 4 times.“across all species, the experiments underpredicted the speed of the advancefor both leafing and floweringthat results from temperature increases，” the study said.the design of future experiments may need to be improved to better predict how plants will react to climate change, it said.plants are necessary for life on the earth. they are the base of the food chain, using photosynthesis(光合作用)to produce sugar from carbon dioxide and water. they let out oxygen which is needed by nearly every organism on the planet.scientists believe the worlds average temperature has risen by about 0.8 since 1900, and nearly 0.2 every ten years since 1979.so far, efforts to cut emissions(排放)of planetwarming greenhouse gases are not seen as enough to prevent the earth heating up beyond 2 this centurya point scientists say will bring the danger of a changeable climate in which weather extremes are common, leading to drought, floods, crop failures and rising sea levels.57. what is the key information the author wants to give in paragraph 1?aplants reaction to weather could have damaging effects on ecosystems.bthe increasing speed of flowering is beyond scientists expectation.cclimate change leads to the change of food production patterns.dfood chains have been seriously damaged because of weather.58. we can learn from the study published on the nature website that _.aplants flowering is 8.5 times faster than leafingbthere are 1,634 plant species on the four continentscscientists should improve the design of the experimentsdthe experiments failed to predict how plants react to climate change59. scientists pay special attention to the study of plants because_.athey can prove the climate change clearlybthey are very important in the food chainscthey play a leading role in reducing global warmingdthey are growing and flowering much faster than before60. what can be inferred from the last two paragraphs about the worlds temperature?ait has risen nearly 0.2 since 1979.bits change will lead to weather extremes.cit is 0.8 higher in 1979 than that of 1900.dit needs to be controlled within 2 in this century.【要点综述】本文为科普类文章。文章论述了全球变暖的气候环境会让植物提前开花，进而影响整个食物链及生态系统。57. b细节理解题。第一段话给读者传达的主要信息存在于主句，而不是which所引导的定语从句上。根据“plants are flowering faster than scientists predicted”可知，作者是要告知读者植物开花的增速超出了科学家的预期。故选b。a为次要信息。58. c推理判断题。第五段话“it found that some experiments had underestimated(低估)the speed of flowering by 8.5 times and leafing by 4 times.”暗示读者：对于植物所设计的实验应该有所改进，故答案选c。59. b细节理解题。根据第四段“they said plants had been the key object of study because their reaction to climate change could have an effect on food chains and ecosystem services.”可知植物对气候变化的反应对整个食物链和生态系统都至关重要。故答案选b。60. d推理判断题。从倒数第二段“has risen by about 0.8 since 1900, and nearly 0.2 every ten years since 1979.”可知a、c项错误；从最后一段叙述可知，如果本世纪地球变暖超过2，便会出现weather extremes。暗示我们这个世纪地球温度的上升需要控制在2的范围之内。故答案选d。高考英语冲刺阅读理解专项-bfor much of the world, vegetarianism (素食主义) is largely a matter of economics: meat costs a lot more than beans or rice, so meat becomes a special-occasion dish. even where meat is more plentiful, its still used in control, and it often provides a side note to a meal rather than taking center stage. in countries like the united states where meat is not as expensive, though, people choose to be vegetarians for reasons other than cost. parental preferences, religious or other beliefs, and health problems are among the most common reasons for choosing to be a vegetarian. many people choose a vegetarian diet out of concern over animal rights or the environment. and lots of people have more than one reason for choosing vegetarianism. different people follow different forms of vegetarianism. a true vegetarian eats no meat at all, including chicken and fish. a lactoovo vegetarian eats dairy products (乳制品) and eggs, but keeps out meat, fish, and chicken. it follows, then, that a lacto vegetarian eats dairy products but not eggs, and an ovo vegetarian eats eggs but not dairy products. a stricter form of vegetarianism is veganism. not only are eggs and dairy products excluded (排除) from a vegan diet, so are animal products like honey. some macrobiotic (养生的) diets fall into the vegan category. macrobiotic diets limit not only animal products but also refined and processed foods, foods with preservatives, and foods that contain caffeine or other stimulants (刺激物). following a macrobiotic or vegan diet could lead to nutritional deficiencies (营养不足) in some people. teens need to be sure their diets include enough nutrients to fuel growth, particularly protein and calcium. if youre interested in following a vegan or macrobiotic diet its a good idea to talk to a registered dietitian. he or she can help you design meal plans that include enough nutrients. 1. the underlined sentence in the first paragraph probably means _.a. there is usually a note beside the meat in a mealb. meat often attracts peoples attention in a mealc. meat is served only a small amount in a meald. meat should play an