高考英语短文填单词抓分练习（7）.doc

2014高考英语短文填单词抓分练习（7）及答案第四节 任务型阅读 (共10小题：每小题1分，满分10分)请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读短文内容在文章后图表中的空格里填入最恰当的词:there are many stereotypes about the character of people in various parts of the united states. in the northeast and midwest, people are said to be closed and private. in the south and west, however, they are often thought of as being more open and hospitable (好客). ask someone from st. louis where the nearest sandwich shop is, and he or she will be polite to give you directions. a new yorker might eye you at first and after deciding it is safe to talk to you, might give you a rather unexpected explanation. a person from georgia might be very kind about directing you and even suggest some different places to eat. a texan just might take you to the place and treat you to lunch.american stereotypes are abundant. new englanders are often thought of as being friendly and helpful. southerners are known for their hospitable and warmhearted character. people from the western part of the united states are often considered very outgoing. these differences in character can be traced to different factors such as climate, living conditions, and historical development. when traveling from place to place, americans themselves are often surprised at the differing degrees of friendliness in the united states.stereotypes about the character of people in various parts of the us(1)_(2)_ (3)_(4)_ (6)_ (8)_ (9)_ (10)_ (7)_ (5)_ 参考答案：1. closed 2. private 3. open 4. hospitable 5. polite 6. kind 7. friendly 8. helpful 9. warmhearted 10. outgoing 任务型阅读 1.第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。warren buffettfor someone who is such a successful investor, warren buffett comes off as a pretty ordinary guy. he was born on august 30, 1930. _71_ he used to go doortodoor and sell soda water. when his family moved to washington, buffett became a paperboy for the washington post. buffett ran his five paper routes and even added magazines to round out his product offerings. while still in school, he was making$ 175 a month, a fulltime wage for many men._72_ he spent $ 1,200 on 40 acres of farmland in nebraska. he and a friend also made $ 50 a week by placing pinball machines in barber shops. they called their venture(企业) wilson coin operated machine co.already a successful smalltime businessman, buffett wasnt interested in going to college but ended up at the university of pennsylvaniahis father encouraged him to go. _73_ but he was turned down, which had to be one of the worst admission decisions in harvard history. the outcome affected buffetts life, for he ended up attending columbia business school, where he studied under professor benjamin graham the father of securities analysis who provided the foundation (基础) for buffetts investment strategy.from the beginning, buffett made his fortune from investing. he started with all the money he had made from selling soda water, delivering papers, and operating pinball machines. between 1950 and 1956, he grew his $ 9,800 to $ 14,000. _74_ and then he gradually drew in other investors through word of mouth and very attractive terms._75_ he doesnt collect houses or cars or works of art, and he disdains(鄙视) companies that waste money on expensive cars, private dining rooms, and highpriced real villas. he is a creature of habitsame house, same office, same city, same soda water.a. then buffett applied to harvard business school.b. buffett is more likely to be found in a fourstar restaurant.cwhen he was 14, buffett developed great interest in investment.deven as a young child, buffett was serious about making money.e. one thing is for sure about buffett: he is happy to do what he is doing.f. buffetts investment strategy mirrors his lifestyle and his overall philosophy.g. from there, he organized investment partnerships with his family and friends.【答案】71.d72.c73.a74.g75.f任务型阅读(共10小题：每小题1分，满分10分)请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填1个单词。did you know that falling down is the leading cause of injury death for americans aged 65 and older?each year 35 to 40 percent of older adult americans fall at least once.falling down is not just the result of getting older. falling can be caused by a variety of circumstances, and many falls can be prevented.here are 4 simple steps you can take to significantly reduce your risk of injury from falling down.improve your body balance with exercise to prevent falling if you dont have a regular exercise program, start one. lack of exercise leads to weakness, and that increases your chances of falling. exercises can improve your body balance and flexibility at any age. try exercises like yoga and tai chi. if you are over 50 and havent exercised regularly, check with your health care provider about the best type of exercise program for you.increase your homes accessibility and safety to reduce falling risksabout half of all falls happen at home. to increase accessibility and make your home safer: remove items you might trip over from stairs and places where you walk. remove small throw rugs(易滑地垫)or use double-sided tape to keep rugs from slipping. have grab bars installed next to your toilet, and install grab bars in your tub or shower. improve the lighting in your home. make sure all stairways have handrails and sufficient lighting. wear shoes that give good support and have thin non-slip soles.you might also consider avoiding lightweight slippers ( especially backless styles), which can reduce your feeling of control.prevent falling : watch out for medication side effectsage can effect the way some medications work in your body, so if you have been taking any over-the-counter medications for a while, its important to tell your health care provider. he or she will be able to tell you if they are still safe for you to take. look out for drugs that have side effects including drowsiness(困倦). these side effects can increase your risk of falling . this especially important with over-the-conter cold and flu medications, which can often increase drowsiness. and dont forget herbal remedies(草药). some remedies increase sleepiness and many react with other types of medication, which could increase your risk of falling down. be sure to check with your health care provider before trying new medication. want to prevent falling? have your vision checked regularlyvision problems can increase your chances of falling.you may be wearing the wrong glasses that cause vision problems or limit your vision.to reduce your risk of falling , have your vision checked by an eye doctor every nyear for early detection and correction of vision problems. if you cant see something, its harder to avoid it, and this increase your risk of falling.how to reduce your risk of injury from falling(71) detailed suggestionsmake your body (72) with exercisetry exercise (73) like yoga and ta chi.make clear which is the best type of exercise program for you in advance.increase your homes accessibility and safetyremove items that might cause you to (74) (75) items that will support you when needed.improve the lighting in and out of your room.wear non-slip shoes.be (76) of medication side effectsdo check with your health care provider to ensure your (77) of taking any over-the counter medications, (78) you have taken them or not .protect your vision carefullydont (79) the wrong glasses that damage your vision.have your vision checked regularly to detect and correct your (80) vision problems.【参考答案】71. steps/ measures/ways 72. balance 73. regularly 74. fall/slip 75. install 76. careful 77. safety 78. whether 79. wear 80. potential第四部分 任务型阅读（共10小题；满分10分）认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰当的单词。(注意：每空不超过6个单词。)have you ever been frustrated (沮丧的) when left talking to yourself after your mobile phone battery runs out in the middle of a call? if yes, then here comes some good news. scientists are now perfecting a way to recharge (充电) electrical equipment while on the move.researchers from the netherlands, france and portugal announced last week that they have developed very thin solar panels (太阳能板) that can be put on clothes. they can also be added to furniture and rooftops. they change light from the sun into electricity.in about three years, youll be able to wear a jacket that will recharge your phone as you walk. for camping fans, the development could lead to a tent which charges batteries all day so you can have light or music at night.the basic technology of wearable solar panels is the same as that used for conventional (传统的) solar panels. pairs of sheets of semi-conducting silicon (半导体硅) are linked together to form the panel. but scientists made them much thinner by using different silicon. at one micrometre, they are the same thickness as photographic film.this technology will make it easier for people to use clean energy sources, said gerrit kroesen, a physicist in the netherlands who led the team of scientists.but the thin panels are not as efficient as the thicker ones. while some solar panels now operate at an efficiency of about 20 per cent, the new flexible (柔韧的) panels are only 7 per cent efficient. but the scientists believe that this is worth accepting for a stronger and more useful panel. but the thinner panel is cheaper. an a4 sized panel put onto the back of a jacket costs less than us$13. it could charge a cell phone during a summer walk in the countryside. as long as you stay within range of the transmitting masts (发射天线) that relay a call to the networks, phones will never again run out of power.new way to recharge electrical equipmentnew invention71. _72. _change light from the sun into electricitybasic material73. _development in technology74. _75. _76. _easier to use clean energy sourcescheaperwhere to fix 77. _78. _rooftops79. _the netherlands franceportugalcountry of the leading researcher80. _参考答案71. recharging solar battery 72. function 73. semi-conducting silicon 74. thinner 75. flexible 76. advantages 77. clothes 78. furniture 79. countries of researchers 80. the netherlands2. 注意句子结构转换 the cheating athlete is not easy to catch out. = the cheating athlete is not _ caught out. building a list can be difficult. = a list can be difficult to _=it can be difficult to build a list it should offer important information. = its _ to offer important information. find some information before you talk to career advisers. =find some information before _ career advisers.about half of the piece is destroyed, but the remaining part hits the south atlantic at 200 times faster than sound.=one piece hits the south atlantic at 200 times the _ of sound.please greet others whenever you can. =please greet others whenever_ as the company expands, it becomes more popular.=with the company _, it becomes more popular. its worth taking the time. =the time you spend will be _【任务型阅读题的解题策略】参考答案-2. easily build necessary consulting speed/ rate possible expanding worthwhile3. 另选其它词来释义（注意常用短语的记忆） you are encouraged to keep records of the sources used by each person, which helps you trace back to the origin of the problems that may happen unexpectedly. =you are encouraged to keep records of the sources just in _. people play indoor sports in all weathers. = people play indoor sports _ the weather. half of the parents didnt know about their childrens motor skills. = half of the parents were not _ of their childrens motor skills.these amateur athletes will probably never become rich or famous. they must work at their jobs while training. =these amateur athletes will probably never become rich or famous and they must _ their work with training. dont spend time on some meaningless words. =_spending time on some meaningless words. 【任务型阅读题的解题策略】参考答案-3. case whatever aware/ conscious combine avoid学会归纳概括词汇 概括词汇有时可以在文章中找到，有时要注意常见的搭配和文章的结构另想它词。在平时练习中注意运用和记忆。概括性词汇：原因和结果cause(s) (of.); reason(s)( for.); analysis ( about.)effect(s); result(s); consequence(s) 态度观点attitude(s) ( to/ towards); opinion(s) (on/about.)比较comparison(s) between a and b 异同difference(s); similarity(similarities)优劣benefit(s); (dis)advantage(s); (in)convenience; strength(s); weakness(es)目的purpose(s); aim(s); goal(s)建议预计advice; suggestion(s); tip(s); prediction; forecast问题problem(s)方式方法means (of.); method(s)(of) ; way(s)(to do); approach(es)(to doing) ; solution(s) to sth; how (to do.)总结概括 summary; conclusion特点feature (s); characteristic(s)重要意义significance; importance; meaning定义主题definition（定义）; theme(主题); topic（话题）来源用途source（来源）; origin（起源）; use; usage; function（功能）种类kind; type; category步骤过程steps; procedures; process措施行动measures; steps; action(s)评论评价反应comment(on/about); remark(on/upon); assessment(评估); response (to .sth) ; reaction(to sth)背景信息简介background information(on/ about.); brief introduction(to)事件时间地点event(s); time; place和人有关的名词birthday, birthplace, death, nationality, education, appearance, salary, activity(activities); achievement(s)和地方有关的名词a place of interest, a tourist attraction, tourism, destination, area, location, history, climate, population, culturecultural, politicspolitical; economy-economic; custom(s), tradition(s), transport/ transportation; the living conditions和疾病有关的名词definition; cause(s), symptom(s); prevention; treatment(s) 例： a smart card is a card that is carried with either a microprocessor and a memory chip or only a memory chip that is not programmable. the microprocessor card can add. delete, and deal with the information on the card, while a memory-chip card can only do one thing.smart cards, unlike magnetic stripe cards, can do many different things and hold a lot of information. in this way, they do not need to get inform