高考英语阅读理解巩固精品题练习（2）.doc

2014高考英语阅读理解巩固精品题练习（2）及答案阅读理解-bcan an iphone really make you happier? a new study says “yes”. according to a survey of 35,000 people around the world, access to (进入) communications technology is a major factor in increasing happiness.we all need a few basic things in order to be happy: access to clean water and food, a home, health care, and relationships. but once the necessities are met, what do people most desire? the answer is access to communication devices (设备), according to the survey by bcs, the chartered institute for it. most people in the study gave similar answers, but the potential (潜在的) happiness increase that technology could bring about was particularly great in women and in people with low incomes or levels of education even in developing countries.while farmers in the african countryside arent likely to pick up the latest shiny toys from apple, even a simple cell phone can serve as a valuable happiness-increasing tool, allowing the development of social networks beyond the community. “whether young or old, were all social beings, we all have a need for communication,” researcher paul flatters told bbc news.in rural (乡村) communities, access to communications technology such as cell phones and computers is limited, but expanding, thanks to groups like one laptop per child, which supplies children in developing countries with basic laptops that allow them to research school projects and connect with others all over the world. other groups, like the uk s computer aid, are helping rural villagers get wired with the help of portable cyber cafes (便携式网吧) that allow locals to log online to send emails and perform work-related research. and back home, it seems from the results that small it devices like the iphone really can increase your happiness provided you use it to talk with and send messages, photos, and videos to friends and family to help strengthen your social networks, rather than simply play angry birds.45. how does an iphone make one happier, according to the study?a. by giving one a higher income.b. by letting one keep in touch with others.c. by giving one chances to surf the internet.d. by letting one enjoy movies or take photos. 46. what does the study show us?a. how many people are using iphones.b. what communication tools people like to use.c. what people need besides the basic necessities.d. what is the life of people in developing countries like.47. the underlined words “angry birds” in the last paragraph most probably refer to “_”.a. birds that are angryb. an e-gamec. naughty childrend. a computer48. the author wrote the text to tell us that _.a. communications technology can increase happinessb. the iphone is the best cell phone in the worldc. playing with an iphone is a waste of timed. people in developed countries are happier c72013重庆卷 eit is widely known that any english conversation begins with the weather.such a fixation with the weather finds expression in dr.johnsons famous comment that “when two english meet, their first talk is of weather.” though johnsons observation is as accurate now as it was over two hundred years ago, most commentators fail to come up with a convincing explanation for this english weatherspeak.bill bryson, for example, concludes that，as the english weather is not at all exciting，the obsession with it can hardly be understood.he argues that “to an outsider，the most striking thing about the english weather is that there is not very much of it.” simply, the reason is that the unusual and unpredictable weather is almost unknown in the british isles.jeremy paxman, however, disagrees with bryson, arguing that the english weather is by nature attractive.bryson is wrong, he says，because the english preference for the weather has nothing to do with the natural phenomena. “the interest is less in the phenomena themselves, but in uncertainty.” according to him, the weather in england is very changeable and uncertain and it attracts the english as well as the outsider.bryson and paxman stand for common misconceptions about the weatherspeak among the english.both commentators, somehow, are missing the point.the english weather conversation is not really about the weather at all.english weatherspeak is a system of signs，which is developed to help the speakers overcome the natural reserve and actually talk to each other.everyone knows conversations starting with weatherspeak are not requests for weather data.rather, they are routine greetings，conversation starters or the blank “fillers”. in other words, english weatherspeak is a means of social bonding.72the author mentions dr.johnsons comment to show that _amost commentators agree with dr.johnsonbdr.johnson is famous for his weather observationcthe comment was accurate two hundred years agodenglish conversations usually start with the weather73what does the underlined word “obsession” most probably refer to?aa social trend.ban emotional state.ca historical concept.dan unknown phenomenon.74according to the passage，jeremy paxman believes that _abill bryson has little knowledge of the weatherbthere is nothing special about the english weathercthe english weather attracts people to the british islesdenglish people talk about the weather for its uncertainty75what is the authors main purpose of writing the passage?ato explain what english weatherspeak is about.bto analyse misconceptions about the english weather.cto find fault with both bill bryson and jeremy paxman.dto convince people that the english weather is changeable.【要点综述】 本文通过对bill bryson和jeremy paxman两人迥然不同的观点的陈述来阐明作者对英国人以天气为寒暄内容的见解。72d逻辑推断题。通过引用名人名言来说明英国人以天气为寒暄内容的现象很普遍。73b 词义推断题。bill bryson认为英国天气单一(there is not very much of it)不足以引起人们的情感响应，因此该词此处指的是 “情感状态”。74d细节理解题。倒数第二段中有“the interest is less in the phenomena themselves, but in uncertainty.”(意思是：人们对英国气候的关注点不是气候本身，而是气候的不确定性。)由此可知答案。75a写作目的题。通过对bill bryson和jeremy paxman两人迥然不同的观点的陈述来阐明作者对英国人以天气为寒暄内容的见解。c72013安徽卷 a the healthy habits survey(调查)shows that only about one third of american seniors have correct habits. here are some findings and expert advice.1.how many times did you brush your teeth yesterday?finding：a full 33% of seniors brush their teeth only once a day.step：remove the 300 types of bacteria in your mouth each morning with a batteryoperated toothbrush. brush gently for 2 minutes, at least twice a day.2how many times did you wash your hands or bathe yesterday?finding：seniors, on average, bathe fewer than 3 days a week. and nearly 30% wash their hands only 4 times a dayhalf of the number doctors recommend.step：we touch our faces around 3，000 times a dayoften inviting germs(病菌)to enter our mouth, nose, and eyes.use toilet paper to avoid touching the door handle. and, most important, wash your hands often with hot running water and soap for 20 seconds.3how often do you think about fighting germs?finding：seniors are not fighting germs as well as they should.step：be aware of germs. do you know it is not your toilet but your kitchen sponge(海绵)that can carry more germs than anything else? to kill these germs, keep your sponge in the microwave for 10 seconds.56.what is found out about american seniors?amost of them have good habits.bnearly 30% of them bathe three days a week.call of them are fighting germs better than expected.dabout one third of them brush their teeth only once a day.57doctors suggest that people should wash their hands _atwice a day bthree times a daycfour times a day deight times a day 58which of the following is true according to the text?awe should keep from touching our faces.bthere are less than 300 types of bacteria in the mouth.ca kitchen sponge can carry more germs than a toilet.dwe should wash our hands before touching a door handle.59the text probably comes from _aa guide book ba popular magazineca book review dan official document【要点综述】 这是一份调查报告，是针对美国老年人的健康习惯所做的调查。56d细节理解题。根据第一项调查中“a full 33% of seniors brush their teeth only once a day.”可知，大约有三分之一的美国老年人一天只刷一次牙。57d细节理解题。根据第二项调查中“4 times a dayhalf of the number doctors recommend”可知，四次是医生建议次数的一半，也就是说，医生建议老年人每天洗八次手，故选d。58c细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二句“do you know it is not your toilet but your kitchen sponge that can carry more germs than anything else？”可知，厨房里的海绵比卫生间带有的细菌还要多。59b推理判断题。由文章内容可知，这是一份调查报告，是针对美国老年人的健康习惯所做的调查。这样的文章理应不会出现在“旅游指南”“书评”“官方文件”里，故排除a、c、d。流行杂志做这样的调查报告很常见，故选b。阅读理解-cif you were to come up with a list of organizations whose failures had done the most damage to the american economy (经济) in recent years, you would probably have to start with the wall street firms that brought us the financial crisis (金融危机). from there, you might move on to the automakers in detroit.but i would suggest that the list should also include a less obvious nominee (被提名者): public education.at its top level, the american system of higher education may be the best in the world. yet in terms of its main task turning teenagers into educated college graduates much of the system is failing.the united states does a good job enrolling (招生) teenagers in college, but only half of the students who enroll end up with a bachelors degree.so finding out the causes of the college dropout crisis in the worlds largest economy matters greatly, and a new book called “crossing the finish line” tries to do precisely that. its authors are economists william bowen and michael mcpherson, and a doctoral candidate matthew chingos. the first problem they discover is something they call under-matching. it refers to students who choose not to attend the best college they can get into. they instead go to a less selective one, perhaps one that is closer to home or less expensive. about half of the low-income students with a grade-point average of at least 3.5 in high school and an sat score of at least 1,200 do not attend the best college they could have. “i was really astonished by the degree to which well-qualified students from poor families under-matched,” said mr. bowen. in fact, well-off students attend the colleges that do the best job of producing graduates. meanwhile, lower-income students even when they are better qualified often go to colleges that excel (擅长) in producing drop-outs. “its really a waste,” mr. bowen said, “and a big problem for the country.” as the authors point out, the only way to lift the college graduation rate greatly is to lift it among poor and working-class students. instead, it appears to have fallen.what can be done? money is clearly part of the answer. 49. according to this text, which of the following would people first think of as a factor causing damage to the american economy?a. the government.b. public education.c. the detroit automakers.d. the wall street firms.50. what is a big problem with american higher education?a. many college students stay away from classes.b. it is hard to enroll enough students into college.c. many colleges are experiencing low rate of graduation. d. it is hard for many colleges to get financial aid from the government. 51. why do some students under-match?a. because they are not sure about future.b. because they have financial problem.c. because they cant get guidance.d. because they lack confidence.52. the text is mainly about _. a. americas financial crisis, its cause and influence b. relationship between american education and its economy c. low rate of american college graduation, its cause and its influence d. problems with american secondary education and possible solutions 阅读理解-da new study has found that it may be possible to train people to be more intelligent (聪明的), increasing the brainpower they had at birth.until now, it has been widely supposed that the kind of mental ability that allows us to solve new problems without having any relevant (相关的) former experience what psychologists (心理学家) call fluid intelligence is innate and cannot be taught (though people can raise their grades on tests of it by practicing).but in the new study, researchers describe a method for improving this skill，along with experiments to prove it works. the key, researchers found, was carefully structured training in working memory the kind that allows memorization of a telephone number just long enough to dial it. this type of memory is closely related to fluid intelligence, so the researchers reasoned that improving it might lead to improvements in fluid intelligence. first they measured fluid intelligence of volunteers using standard tests. then they trained each in a complicated memory task the childs card game, in which they had to recall a card they saw and heard. during the course, they needed to ignore irrelevant items, monitor ongoing performance, manage two tasks at the same time and connect related items to one another in space and time.the four groups experienced a half-hour of training daily for 8, 12, 17 and 19 days, separately. to make sure they were not just improving their test-taking skills, the researchers compared them with control groups that took the tests without the training.the results, published monday in the proceedings of the national academy of sciences，were striking. improvement in the trained groups was a lot greater. moreover，the longer they trained, the higher their scores were. all performers, from the weakest to the strongest，showed great improvement.“our results show you can increase your intelligence with proper training.” said dr jaeggi, a co-author of the paper. “no one knows how long the gains will last after training stops,” he added, “and the experiments design did not allow the researchers to determine whether more training would continue to produce further gains.”53. the researchers thought the key to improving the intelligence was _.a. memorizing telephone numbersb. improving working memoryc. training in attentiond. recalling a card54. which of the following training ways help increase intelligence?a. ignoring irrelevant itemsc. making connectionsb. monitoring ongoing performanced. working in groupsa. a, b, d. b. b, c, d. c. a, c, d.d. a, b, c.55. when the experiment was conducted, the researchers _.a. trained the four groups for the same period of time b. trained the four groups at different time of the dayc. compared the four groups with control groupsd. trained the four groups together 56. by writing the article, the writer wants to _.a. inform the readers of a new study b. call on people to be trained to increase intelligencec. tell people the improved intelligence will last foreverd. say the more one is trained, the more ones born intelligence improves阅读理解-ei dont ever want to talk about being a woman scientist again. there was a time in my life when people asked constantly for stories about what its like to work in a field dominated (主导) by men. i was never very good at telling those stories because truthfully i never found them interesting. what i do find interesting is the origin of the universe, the shape of space-time and the nature of black holes.at 19, when i began studying astrophysics (天体物理学), it did not bother me in the least to be the only woman in the classroom. but while earning my ph.d. at mit and then as post-doctor doing space research, the issue started to bother me. my every achievement jobs, research papers, awards was viewed through the lens of gender (性别) politics. so were my failures. sometimes, when i was pushed into an argument on left brain versus (相对于) right brain, or nature versus nurture (培育), i would immediately fight fiercely on my behalf and all womankind.then one day a few years ago, out of my mouth came a sentence that would from then on become my reply to any and all attacks: i dont talk about that anymore. it took me 10 years to get back the confidence i had at 19 and to realize that i didnt want to deal with gender issues. why should curing sexism be yet another terrible burden on every female scientist? after all, i dont study sociology or political theory.today i research and teach at barnard, a womens college in new york city. rece