高考英语阅读理解精品练习（9）.doc

2014高考英语阅读理解精品练习（9）及答案（解析）c72013江苏卷 bweve considered several ways of paying to cut in line：hiring line standers, buying tickets from scalpers(票贩子)，or purchasing linecutting privileges directly from，say，an airline or an amusement park.each of these deals replaces the morals of the queue(waiting your turn)with the morals of the market(paying a price for faster service)markets and queuespaying and waitingare two different ways of allocating things，and each is appropriate to different activities.the morals of the queue，“first come, first served，” have an egalitarian(平等主义的)appeal.they tell us to ignore privilege，power，and deep pockets.the principle seems right on playgrounds and at bus stops.but the morals of the queue do not govern all occasions.if i put my house up for sale, i have no duty to accept the first offer that comes along, simply because its the first.selling my house and waiting for a bus are different activities，properly governed by different standards.sometimes standards change, and it is unclear which principle should apply.think of the recorded message you hear，played over and over，as you wait on hold when calling your bank：“your call will be answered in the order in which it was received.”this is essential for the morals of the queue.its as if the company is trying to ease our impatience with fairness.but dont take the recorded message too seriously.today, some peoples calls are answered faster than others.call center technology enables companies to “score” incoming calls and to give faster service to those that come from rich places.you might call this telephonic queue jumping.of course，markets and queues are not the only ways of allocating things.some goods we distribute by merit，others by need，still others by chance.however，the tendency of markets to replace queues，and other nonmarket ways of allocating goods is so common in modern life that we scarcely notice it anymore.it is striking that most of the paid queuejumping schemes weve consideredat airports and amusement parks，in call centers，doctors offices，and national parksare recent developments, scarcely imaginable three decades ago.the disappearance of the queues in these places may seem an unusual concern，but these are not the only places that markets have entered.58according to the author，which of the following seems governed by the principle “first come，first served”？ataking buses. bbuying houses.cflying with an airline. dvisiting amusement parks.59the example of the recorded message in paragraphs 4 and 5 illustrates _athe necessity of patience in queuing bthe advantage of modern technologycthe uncertainty of allocation principle dthe fairness of telephonic services60the passage is meant to _ajustify paying for faster services bdiscuss the morals of allocating thingscanalyze the reason for standing in line dcriticize the behavior of queue jumping【要点综述】 本文是一篇议论文，主要讲述的是生活中购物买票等的插队问题。作者通过举例、道理分析来解读道德和市场的平衡问题，要想得到快速的服务，就要额外付出更多的费用，由此对在道德和市场竞争之间产生的矛盾进行探讨。58a推理判断题。根据第二段中的“first come, first served”和第三段“the principle seems right on playgrounds and at bus stops.but the morals of the queue do not govern all occasions.”可知选a项。59c细节判断题。根据第四段“sometimes standards change, and it is unclear which principle should apply.”和第五段可知，有时分配的原则是不断变化的，也就是说分配原则的不确定性，故选c项。60b作者意图题。本文主要阐述了如何进行分配，讨论了基于分配原则的可变性的道德标准，故选b项。c4 广告应用类 （一）2012邵阳市第一次联考 in america, virginia beach has all the elements of a classic seaside resort: brilliant beaches, a lively boardwalk, plenty of restaurants and nightspots, and amusement rides sure to appeal to kids.many believe virginia beach is at its best in the offseason, when the town is less crowded but the weather is still mild.meanwhile, some safety tips should be followed, enjoying the happiness and excitement the beach offers.the number 1 safety tip concerns ocean safety: pay attention to flag conditions posted on the lifeguard stands.lifeguards post a red flag to warn when the ocean water is dangerous.take them seriously! tourists from landlocked regions are particularly easily attracted by the magic of the waves.however, a calm ocean can become risky without warning.make sure you swim near a lifeguard.swimming without lifeguard protection is almost five times as great as drowning at a beach with lifeguards.never swim alone.many drownings involve single swimmers.when you swim with someone else, if one of you has a problem, the other may be able to get help, including signaling for assistance from others.dont fight the current.the facts show that some 80% of rescues by lifeguards at ocean beaches are caused by currents.these currents are formed by surf and gravity, because once surf pushes water up the slope of a beach, gravity pulls it back.this can create concentrated rivers of water moving offshore.if you are caught in a rip current, dont fight it by trying to swim directly to shore.instead, swim parallel to shore until you feel the current relax, then swim to shore.most rip currents are narrow and a short swim parallel to shore will help bring you to safety.16when coming to virginia beach, children cannot enjoy the happiness of_.awalking on the road made of wood b. joining the nightspotscriding a horse or a pumper car dsurfing in the sea17many people believe the best time to visit virginia beach may be _.aafter autumn school term beginningbin the summer vacationcduring the christmas holiday din the cold winter18swimming in the sea youd better not swim _.awith a friend bwithin the sight of the lifeguardcwith the currentdas far as you like19from the passage, we can know_.aone in five persons swimming in the sea is drownedbif one with a lifeguard were drowning, five persons without lifeguards would be csome 80% people drowning by the currents are rescued by lifeguardsdsome 20% people drowning by the currents are rescued by lifeguards 20the passage mainly tells us _.avirginia beach has all the elements of a classic seaside resort bthe happiness and excitement the beach offerscsome safety tips when swimming in the sea dthe dangers for tourists from landlocked regions to swim in the sea【要点综述】 维珍尼亚滩是一个值得游览的好地方，但也要注意安全。本文主要介绍游览维珍尼亚滩时需注意的安全事项。16. c细节理解题。根据第一段“brilliant beaches, a lively boardwalk, plenty of restaurants and nightspots, and amusement rides sure to appeal to kids.”可知，在维珍尼亚滩，你可以漫步在木板路上，参加夜总会；再根据最后一段“these currents are formed by surf and gravity, because once surf pushes water up the slope of a beach, gravity pulls it back.”可推断你也可以在海中冲浪，但就是不能骑马或坐车，故选c项。17. a推理判断题。根据第一段“many believe virginia beach is at its best in the offseason, when the town is less crowded but the weather is still mild.”可推断，人不多，气候还尚温和的淡季是游览维珍尼亚滩的最好时间。气候还尚温和的季节应是秋季，故选a项。18. d细节理解题。根据第三段“make sure you swim near a lifeguard.”可知在海中游泳时不宜游得太远，故选d项。19. b推理判断题。根据第三段“swimming without lifeguard protection is almost five times as great as drowning at a beach with lifeguards.”可判断选b项。20. c主旨大意题。全文围绕第二段“meanwhile, some safety tips should be followed, enjoying the happiness and excitement the beach offers.”而写，即全文旨在介绍游览维珍尼亚滩时需注意的安全事项，故选c项。（二）2012浙江名校新高考研究联盟一联 the booking notes of the play “the age of innocence”：price: $10bookingthere are four easy ways to book seats for performance：in personthe box office is open monday to saturday, 10 a. m. 8 p. m. by telephonering 01324976 to reserve your tickets or to pay by credit card(visa, mastercard and amex accepted)by postsimply complete the booking form and return it to global theatre box office. on linecomplete the online booking form at www. satanfiedtheatre. comdiscounts：saver: $2 off any seat booked any time in advance for performances from monday to thursday. savers are available for children up to 16 years old, over 60s and fulltime students. supersaver: halfprice seats are available for people with disabilities and one companion. it is advisable to book in advance. there is a maximum of eight wheelchair spaces available and one wheelchair space will be held until an hour before the show. standby: best available seats are on sale for $6 from one hour before the performance for people eligible(suitable)for saver and supersaver discounts and thirty minutes before for all other customers. group bookings: there is a ten percent discount for parties of twelve or more. school: school parties of ten or more can book $6 standby tickets in advance and will get every tenth ticket free. please note: we are unable to exchange tickets or refund money unless a performance is cancelled due to unforeseen circumstances. 35if you want to book a ticket, you cannot _. ause the internet bring the booking number and pay for the tickets by credit card cgo to the box office on sundays dcomplete a booking form and post it to the box office 36according to the notes, who can get $2 off? aa 20yearold fulltime college student. ba 55yearold woman. can 18yearold teenager. dthe people who book the tickets on fridays.37if you make a group booking for a group of 14 adults, how much should you pay?a$120. b$126.c$140. d$150.38from the passage we can know all the following information except that _. athere are only 8 wheelchair spaces in the theatre bthe audience cant refund money if the performance is on show ca group of 12 persons can get 10 percent discount da school party of 15 students should pay $90 for the standby tickets【要点综述】这是一篇应用文。介绍了一部戏的订票广告。35c细节理解题。该题可从booking中找到答案。由“the box office is open monday to saturday, 10 a. m. 8 p. m”可以看出，去售票处订票的时间是周一到周六，由此可以看出，星期天是订不到票的。36a细节理解题。在discounts部分，可以看出fulltime students 可以便宜$2。37b推理判断题。题干关键词为：a group of 14 adults。由group bookings部分的“there is a ten percent discount for parties of twelve or more.”12人以及12人以上的团体票9折优惠，所以：1038d细节理解题。由文章中的“school: school parties of ten or more can book $6 standby tickets in advance and will get every tenth ticket free. ”可以看出，10人及以上团体票单价6美元，每10张还可以优惠一张。由此可知d项错误。c72013江西卷 bwhen international aid is given, steps must be taken to ensure (确保) that the aid reaches the people for whom it is intended. the way to achieve this may not be simple. it is very difficult for a nation to give help directly to people in another nation. the united nations organization(uno) could undertake to direct the distribution of aid. here however rises the problem of costs. also tied with this is time. perhaps the uno could set up a body of devoted men and women in every country who can speedily distribute aid to victims of floods and earthquakes.more than the help that one nation can give to another during a disaster, it would be more effective to give other forms of help during normal times. a common proverb says, “give_me_a_fish_and_i_eat_for_a_day,_teach_me_to_fish_and_i_eat_for_a_lifetime.” if we follow this wise saying, it would be right to teach people from less developed nations to take care of themselves. for example, a country could share its technology with another. this could be in simple areas like agriculture or in more complex areas like medical and health care or even in building satellites. even a small country is able to help less developed nations. sometime what is taken for granted, like the setting up of a water purification plant or the administration of a school, could be useful for countries which are looking about to solve common problems. it does not cost much to share such simple things. exchange students could be attached for a number of months or years and learn the required craft while on the site. they can then take their knowledge back to their homelands and if necessary come back from time to time to clear doubts or to update themselves. such aid will be truly helpful and there is no chance of it being temporary or of it falling into the wrong hands.many countries run extensive courses in all sorts of skills. it will not cost much to include deserving foreigners in these courses. besides giving effective help to the countries concerned, there is also the buildup of friendships to consider. giving direct help by giving materials may be effective in the short run and must continue to be given in the event of emergencies. however, in the long run what is really effective would be the sharing of knowledge.61according to the author, how could international aid reach the victims in time?a. by solving the cost problems.b. by solving the transportation problems.c. by setting up a body of devoted people in every country.d. by relying on the direct distribution of the uno.62what does the author try to express in the underlined sentence? a. providing food is vital. b. learning to fish is helpful.c. teaching skills is essential. d. looking after others is important.63the second paragraph is developed mainly_a. by examp