高考英语阅读理解精品抓分训练（46）.doc

2014高考英语阅读理解抓分训练精品（46）及答案【考点定位】 2013考纲解读和近几年考点分布 高考对说明文的考查多为科普说明文，它是阅读理解重要内容，也是高考考查难点。科普类“阅读理解”题愈来愈受到命题者的青睐而科普类文章往往具有跨学科行文逻辑性强等特点,要求考生能从文章的整体逻辑以及重要细节上全面把握【试题特点】 注重学科渗透,行文逻辑性强,内容抽象 贴近学生的学习生活实际,有利于激发学生的思维,对选拔优秀考生有一定的作用 能全面地考查学生的综合阅读能力和运用所学知识去分析解决实际问题的能力(4)科学方法图示判断题 科普说明文常出现科学方法图示判断题，这种试题或以生物依赖关系为命题题点，要求考生判断正确的生物依赖关系；或以工艺流程为命题题点，要求考生判断正确的流程顺序，或以生产方法为命题题点，要求考生判断正确的生产方法；或以机械配制为命题题点，要求考生判断正确的机械配制。解题时一定要认真阅读分析原文对生物依赖关系、发明创造诞生过程和工艺流程过程的介绍，并且边读边画简易草图，以提高理解准确率。分析备选项时应对照原文介绍情况，找出各图不同之处，以便最终做出正确判断。【考点pk】 名师考点透析考点一、细节事实理解。一篇文章必然是由许多具体的细节、具体的内容构成的，所有这些信息以某种顺序（时间、空间、情感变化等）排列起来，来进一步解释或阐释主题，体现文章的主旨大意。细节理解题目主要考查学生对文章具体事实和细节的理解能力，属于表层理解题范畴，难度较小，但在整个阅读理解题中所占比例最大，细节理解题多从文章的某个具体事实或细节出发来设计题目。此类题通常根据文章具体内容来设问，也常使用下列方式来提问1.which of the following statements is(not) true/correct?2.which of the following is not mentioned?3.all of the following are true except.4.according to the passage,when/where/why/how/how/what/which,etc.？1.直接事实题 在解答这类问题时要求学生抓住题干文字信息，采用针对性方法进行阅读，因为这类题的答案在文章中可以直接找到。 如：a giant dam was built many years ago to control the colorado river in the u.s.this dam was built to protect the land and houses around the river.this huge dam is in the black canyon.it is possible to drive a car from one side of the river to the other on a road，which is on the top of the dam.this dam is so big that there is an elevator inside.the elevator goes down forty-four stories from the road to the bottom.there is enough concrete in this dam to build a highway from new york to san francisco.thousands of people worked on this dam for five years.this huge dam was called boulder dam when it was finished in 1936.later it was renamed hoover dam in honor of a president of the united states.hoover dam，one of the highest dams in the world，is situated between the states of arizona and nevada.q：hoover dam lies_ .a.between arizona and nevadab.in the black canyonc.between new york and san franciscod.both a and b【解析】由第二段的第一句话和最后一段的最后一句话可得出正确答案是d项。young men often give flowers to young women when they are in love. this tradition may have come from turkey. in the 1700s in turkey, it was quite popular for people in love to send each other baskets full of strange things. the baskets were delivered secretly to the person who was receiving it. usually, an old woman who sold flowers or fruit on the street left the basket beside the persons door. these baskets included a variety of “gifts”: flowers, stones, feathers, wax, and even charcoal. each thing in the basket had a special meaning. by figuring out the secret message contained in each item, the person who received the basket began to understand little by little the true feeling of the person who sent it. this idea of sending gifts of love with secret meanings quickly spread to germany, france, and england. however, as time passed, only flowers remained popular. an innocent bunch of flowers told young ladies about the feeling in the hearts of young men. each different flower held a different meaning. for example, the flowers from an orange tree meant, “you are beautiful and pure.” pink carnations meant, “my love for you is strong and great.” yellow roses, on the other hand, meant, “i saw you with someone else.” many flower dictionaries were made to help young people in love understand the meaning of the flowers they received. not all of the dictionaries agreed, however, on the meaning of each flower, so a person had to be careful about the flowers they chose to send. by the 1880s, using flowers to send messages had fallen out of fashion, and the more direct way of sending love letters began. today, flowers are still considered a lovely gift, but the meaning for each kind of flower has been lost.60. what did the items in the basket explain to the receiver? a. the receivers appearance.b. the senders emotions. c. the feeling of the receiver.d. the love between them.61. if a french young man of the 1850s wanted to send his beloved girl a gift, he would probably choose . a. flowers and feathersb. yellow roses c. pink carnationsd. nothing except a love letter62. the text suggests that . a. turks still keep their tradition of sending baskets b. flower dictionaries were made to help young ladies c. people still use flowers to send secret messages d. people dont use flower dictionaries any longer63. what is likely to be the title of this text? a. say it with flowersb. flowers and secretsc. strange traditiond. love for flowers【参考答案】60-63 bcda c52013陕西卷 dabout 30 years ago, i left cuba for the united states with my son. after getting settled finally in brunswick, new jersey, i enrolled(注册) my son in kindergarten. several weeks later, my sons teacher asked me to meet him at his office.in the teachers office, an exchange of greetings was followed by his questions：“is your son mentally retarded(弱智的)? does he suffer from any kind of mental disability？”was he talking about my wonderful scola? no, no, it cant be. what a helpless, lonely moment! i told him that scola was a quiet, sweet little boy, instead. i asked him why he was asking me all these questions.my son could not follow the teachers directions, he told me, and thus, scola was disrupting the class. didnt he know my son did not speak english yet?he was angry：“why hasnt your son been taught to speak english? dont you speak english at home？”no, i didnt speak english at home, i replied. i was sure my son would learn english in a couple of months, and i didnt want him to forget his native language. well, wrong answer! what kind of person would not speak in english to her son at home and at all times? “are you one of those people who come to this country to save dollars and send them back to their country, never wanting to be a part of this society？”needless to say, i tried to tell him i was not one of “those people”. then he told me the meeting was over, and i left.as i had expected, my son learned to speak english fluently before the school year was over. he went on to graduate from college and got a job, earning close to six figures. he travels widely and leads a welladjusted, contented life. and he has benefited from being bilingual(双语的)speaking more than one language allows people to communicate with others; it teaches people about other cultures and other placessomething very basic and obviously lacking in the “educator” i met in new jersey.57the teacher asked the author to his office _ato discuss scolas inclass performancebto get scola enrolled in kindergartencto find a language partner for scoladto work out a study plan for scola58what does the underlined word “disrupting” in paragraph 4 probably mean?abreaking. bfollowing.cattending. ddisturbing.59the authors attitude towards being bilingual may best be described as _acritical bcasualcpositive dpassive60this text is likely to be selected from a book of_amedicine beducationcgeography dhistory【要点综述】 本文作者通过说明自己儿子学习语言的过程和他最后的成功经历，说明了“双语”学习的重要性。57a推理判断题。根据第二和第四段可知，学校老师让作者去学校的目的是为了探讨作者的儿子在学校的表现，选a。58d词义猜测题。disrupting所在句子的意思是：他告诉我，我儿子经常不按老师的指令做，他经常干扰课堂。由此可知此处该词的意思是“干扰”，选d。59c推理判断题。通读最后一段可知作者对于“双语”学习持积极、肯定的态度，选c。60b推理判断题。本文探讨的是关于孩子的教育问题，由此可以推断出本文选自教育类书刊，选b。阅读理解-2.间接事实题 解答此类题，需要结合上下文提供的语境和信息进行简单的概括和判断或者要进行简单的计算。invited by mr.ye huixian，host of the well-received tv programme“stars tonight”，miss luo lin，miss asia of 1991，appeared as the guest hostess on the shanghai tv screen last sunday.born in shanghai and taken to hongkong when she was only six years old，luo lin has never dreamed of being miss asia.her childhood dream was to be an air hostess.before she took part in the competition，she had been an airhostess in cathay airline for seven years.however， it still took her three months to learn the art of walking on the stage，dancing,singing,making-up and other proper manners，designed by the asia tv station.“its really a hard job for me.i wont enter for such competition any more.anyhow，i am quite lucky.i am also glad to have had more chance to work for the social welfare since i won the title.this time，in shanghai，id love to make a deep impression on my tv audience，”said luo lin with a sweet smile.q：which of the following is not true?a.luo lin is a native of shanghai.b.luo lin moved to hongkong with her parents.c.luo lin won the title of miss asia in 1991.d.asia tv station helped luo lin to become miss asia.【解析】a、c和d项都可在原文找到答案，而b项原文所给的是：taken to hongkong可判断不是moved to hongkong with her parents，因此选b。 3、数据推算。if you register both the view qualification course and the forum at the same time,you will save_ .二、此类题的设问方式1.what would be the best title for the text?2.what does the second paragraph mainly discuss?3.what is the passage mainly about?4.the main purpose of announcing the above events is_.考点三、推理推断。推理题要求考生根据文章提供的事实和线索进行逻辑推理，推断出作者没有提到或者没有明说的事实或者可能发生的事实。这类题旨在考查学生透过词语的字面意义去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力，属于深层理解题。此类题的设问常常包括infer,imply,suggest,conclude 等词，这类题的设问方式主要有： 1.we can infer from the passage that_.2.what can be inferred from the passage?3.which of the following can be inferred from the passage?4.it can be inferred from paragraph 3 that_.5.the author suggests in this paragraph that_.6.the writer implies that_.7.it can be inferred that_.8.it can be concluded from the passage that_.9.on the whole,we can conclude that_.10.from the text we can conclude that_.11.after reading the passage we may conclude that_.12.what conclusion can be drawn from the passage?13.the author is inclined to think that_.14.when the writer talks about,what he really means is that_.15.whats the writers attitude/feeling towards.?16.in the writers opinion,.考点四、词义、句义猜测。词义猜测阅读理解题考查对文中关键词语的理解。在阅读理解题中，所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要根据语境来判断。此类题的设问方式主要有1.the word “.”in line.means/can be replaced by.2.as used in the passage,the phrase “.”suggests.3.from the passage,we can infer that the word/phrase “.” is/referred to.4.the word “.” is closest in meaning to.猜词是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考中常用的题型。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会“顺藤摸瓜”，通过构词、语法、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、上下文等线索确定词义。1.定义法。如:annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly.句子给予annealing 以明确的定义，即 “退火”。it will be very hard but also very brittlethat is,it will break easily.从后面的解释中我们可以了解到brittle 是“脆”的意思。the herdsman,who looks after sheep，earns about 650 yuan a year.定语从句中 looks after sheep 就表明了 herdsman 的词义为“牧人”。2.同位法。如:they traveled a long way and at last got to a castle,a large building in old times.同位语部分a large building in old times 给出了 castle 的确切词义，即“城堡”。we are on the night shiftfrom midnight to 8 a.m.this week.两个破折号之间的短语很清楚地表明night shift 是“夜班”的意思。3.对比法。如:she is usually prompt for all her class,but today she arrived in the middle of her first class.but一词表转折，因此but 前后的意思正相反。后半句的意思是“她今天第一节上了一半才来”，因此反向推理，可得出她平时一向“准时”的结论。4.构词法(前缀、后缀、复合、派生等)。如:perhaps,we can see some possibilities for next fifty years.but the next hundred?possibility 是 possible 的同根名词,据此可以判断定 possibility 意思是“可能性”。5.因果法。如：the lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken.sometimes the weakness was permanent.so the player could never play the sport again.从后面的结果“永远不能再运动”中，可以推测 permanent 的意思为“永远的，永久”。c62013浙江卷 ano one knows for sure when advertising first started. it is possible that it grew out of the discovery that some people did certain kinds of work better than others did them. that led to the concept of specialization, which means that people would specialize, or focus, on doing one specific job. lets take a man well call mr. fielder, for example. he did everything connected with farming. he planted seeds, tended the fields, and harvested and sold his crops. at the same time, he did many other jobs on the farm. however, he didnt make the bricks for his house, cut his trees into boards, make the plows(犁), or any of the other hundreds of things a farm needs. instead, he got them from people who specialized in doing each of those things. suppose there was another man we shall call mr. plowright. using what he knew about farming and working with iron, mr. plowright invented a plow that made farming easier. mr. plowright did not really like farming himself and wanted to specialize in making really good plows. perhaps, he thought, other farmers will trade what they grow for one of my plows. how did mr. plowright let people know what he was doing? why, he advertised, of course. first he opened a shop and then he put up a sign outside the shop to attract customers. that sign may have been no more than a plow carved into a piece of wood and a simple arrow pointing to the shop door. it was probably all the information people needed to find mr. plowright and his really good plows. many historians believe that the first outdoor signs were used about five thousand years ago. even before most people could read, they understood such signs. shopkeepers would carve into stone, clay, or wood symbols for the products they had for sale. a medium, in advertising talk, is the way you communicate your message. you might say that the first medium used in advertising was signs with symbols. the second medium was audio, or sound, although that term is not used exactly in the way we use it today. originally, just the human voice and maybe some kind of simple instrument, such as a bell, were used to get peoples attention. a crier, in the historical sense, is not someone who weeps easily. it is someone, probably a man, with a voice loud enough to be heard over the other noises of a city. in ancient egypt, shopkeepers might hire such a person to spread the news about their products. often this earliest form of advertising involved a newly arrived ship loaded with goods. perhaps the crier described the goods, explained where they came from, and praised their quality. his job was, in other words, not too different from a tv or radio commercial in todays world. 41what probably led to the start of advertising? athe discovery of iron. bthe specialization of labor. cthe appearance of new jobs. dthe development of farming techniques. 42to advertise his plows, mr. plowright _. apraised his plows in public bplaced a sign outside the shop chung an arrow pointing to the