高考英语阅读理解专题训练极品题（23）.doc

2014高考英语阅读理解专题训练极品题（23）及答案c82013大纲全国卷 -ethe oldest and most common source(来源)of renewable energy known to man, biomass is one of the most important forms of energy production in the united states and elsewhere.since such a wide variety of biomass materials is everywherefrom trees and grasses to agricultural and citylife wastesbiomass promises to play a continuing role in providing power and heat for millions of people around the world.according to the union of concerned scientists(ucs), biomass is a kind of renewable energy source that produces no carbon dioxide(二氧化碳), because the energy it contains comes from the sun.when plant matter is burned, it gives off the suns energy.in this way, biomass serves as a sort of natural battery(电池)for storing the suns energy.as long as biomass is produced continuouslywith only as much grown as is usedthe “battery” lasts forever.according to the energy information administration, biomass has been one of the leading renewable energy sources in the united states for several years running through 2007, making up between 0.5 and 0.9 percent of the nations total electricity supply.in 2008although the numbers arent all in yetwind power probably took over first place because of the rapid development of wind farms across the country.producing power from biomass helps reduce some 11 million tons of carbon dioxide each year.some homeowners also try to make their own heat by using biomass materials.such practice may save homeowners money, but it also produces a lot of pollution.so, the best way is to encourage power plants to use it.72why is biomass considered as “a sort of natural battery”？ait burns merely plant matter. bit keeps producing electricity.cit stores the energy from the sun. dit produces zero carbon dioxide.73we learn from the text that in 2008 _awind power could be the leader of renewable energy b. there was a rapid growth of electricity productioncbiomass might become the main energy source d0.50.9% of power supply came from biomass74why does the author encourage power plants to use biomass? ato prevent the waste of energy. bto increase production safety.cto reduce pollution. dto save money.75where does the text probably come from? aa research plan. ba science magazine. ca book review. da business report.【要点综述】 本文是一篇科技说明文。文章介绍了biomass(生物量)的特征、优点以及它在美国能源中的地位。72c细节理解题。根据第二段中的“because the energy it contains comes from the sun.when plant matter is burned, it gives off the suns energy.in this way, biomass serves as a sort of natural battery for storing the suns energy.”可知c正确。73a推理判断题。根据第三段中的“in 2008although the numbers arent all in yetwind power probably took over first place because of the rapid development of wind farms across the country.”可知，2008年风能占居首位。关键词定位：a项中的the leader of 和文中first place意思相同。74c推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“some homeowners also try to make their own heat by using biomass materials.such practice may save homeowners money, but it also produces a lot of pollution.so, the best way is to encourage power plants to use it.”可知c正确。75b推理判断题。根据全文内容可知，本文是一篇有关生物量能源的科普类文章。所以，它应该是科学杂志上的文章。故选b。社会生活类-25life and work are filled with problems to be solved, or as we say these days, challenges to be overcome. there are a number of approaches to help us with problem-solving in business and in other walks of life. using one or more of these techniques can help us do so efficiently. but some problem-solving techniques are complex and require a lot of learning before we can use them well. here is one of the simplest approaches, a five-stage process that often leads to success. the first stage is to define the problem in detail. part of the definition ought to be the reason the problem arose in the first place. once we are satisfied that the problem is well defined we are ready to look for a solution. the second stage is the search for alternative courses of action that will solve the problem. here we try to find multiple potential solutions to the problem. this step may involve doing some researches or asking others what they think. look for analogies or how similar problems have been solved in the past. the important thing is to come up with alternative solutionsat least two or three. the third stage is to study each alternative solution and to identify the relative advantages and disadvantages of each course of action. one alternative might be quicker but cost more than the other solutions. another might be less expensive but require a lot more time and energy. understanding the advantages and disadvantages of each alternative is critical to choosing the best solution. the fourth stage of this process is to select and carry out the best solution. criteria (标准) for choosing may include a rough cost-benefit analysis or simply your comfort level after carefully considering your alternatives. the fifth and final stage is monitoring the outcome of your chosen solution. did it work? did you achieve success? if yes, that is great! if not, its back to the first stage. 1. which of the following is the best title for the text? a. how to solve problems efficientlyb. what to do with your problemsc. five steps for your problemsd. problems filling work and life2. if the problem-solving technique is very complicated, . a. you should use it for your problemb. youd better consult with expertsc. you should make a study about it firstd. you must give it up at the beginning3. the underlined word “analogies” in the text means. a. resemblancesb. defencesc. differencesd. changes4. the main idea of the third stage is. a. to use an alternative solution efficientlyb. to find a cheaper problem-solving techniquec. to weigh the pros and consd. to choose the quickest solution5. which of the following is not true according to the text? a. you should note the outcome of your chosen solution. b. you may put the method into use at last. c. the less expensive solution is the first choice. d. the reason for the problem is the key. 【参考答案】25. 社会生活类-26cities need to put efforts to deal with pollution and clear the air. chinese cities will need to put efforts to clear up the sky when a new department to improve regional air quality is set up by 2015, according to the latest plan released by the state council. besides the existing pollution control program for so2, regional emission caps (区域排放上限) for other certain chemicals will be established in the three key air polluting areas the yangtze river delta, pearl river delta and the beijing-tianjin-hebei region. coal-consumption caps will also be tried out in some areas, according to the plan. “the plan is aimed at dealing with regional air pollutionsuch as acid rain and smogwhich have become increasingly obvious in china in recent years and caused a severe threat to peoples health,” zhang lijun, vice-minister of environmental protection, said in an interview on monday. “the air quality in a city affects the regions nearby because pollutants (污染物) can travel through the atmosphere,” said chai fahe, vice-director of chinese research academy of environmental sciences. “so efforts to reduce air pollution in a single city, targeting a certain pollutant will not be enough,” chai said. zhang said, “the countrys major industrial districtsthe yangtze river delta, pearl river delta and the beijing-tianjin-hebei regionhave recorded more than 100 misty days annually in recent years.”these three regions, home to at least 200 million people, occupy only 6. 3 percent of the countrys area but consume 40 percent of the countrys coal and produce half of its steel, according to official figures. studies also show that the visibility (能见度) in eastern regions of china has dropped by 7 to 15 km compared to that in the early 1960s, as a result of air pollution. liaoning province, the shandong peninsula, wuhan in hubei province and its surrounding area, the changsha-zhuzhou-xiangtan region in hunan province, the chengdu-chongqing region, and the western coast of the taiwan straits are also listed as areas to carry out such regional air pollution control programs, according to the plan. the new plan also requires an improved air quality system, which will measure the pollution levels. “the current system, which only measures some major pollutants, cannot reflect the true picture.” said chai. 9. it will not be enough to reduce air pollution in a single city because. a. air pollution has been becoming more and more serious in recent yearsb. air pollution like acid rain and smog is threatening peoples healthc. air pollutants in a city can travel in the sky and affect nearby areasd. air pollutants stay in fixed places over the cities10. suppose the visibility in eastern regions of china was 130 km in the early 1960s, the visibility there nowadays is. a. 123 to 115 kmb. 137 to 145 kmc. 123 to 145 kmd. 115 to 137 km11. the main purpose of the passage is. a. to inform readers of the damage caused by air pollutionb. to introduce the new plan to control air pollutionc. to provide official figures of air pollution levelsd. to point out the regions affected by air pollution12. what does the underlined phrase“the true picture”in the last paragraph mean? a. the major pollutants. b. the key polluted areas. c. the major polluted cities. d. the pollution levels. 【参考答案】26.cabd c8 2013湖北卷 -dthe technology is great.without it we wouldnt have been able to put a man on the moon, explore the oceans depths or eat microwave sausages.computers have revolutionized our lives and they have the power to educate and pass on knowledge.but sometimes this power can create more problems than it solves.every doctor has had to try their best to calm down patients whove come into their surgery waving an internet printout, convinced that they have some rare incurable disease, say, throat cancer.the truth is usually far more ordinary, though: they dont have throat cancer, and its just that their throats are swollen.being a graduate of the internet “school” of medicine does not guarantee accurate selfhealthchecks.one day mrs.almond came to my hospital after feeling faint at work.while i took her blood sample and tried to find out what was wrong, she said calmly, “i know whats wrong; ive got throat cancer.i know theres nothing you doctors can do about it and ive just got to wait until the day comes.”as a matter of routine i ordered a chest xray.i looked at it and the blood results an hour later.something wasnt right.“did your local doctor do an xray？” i asked.“oh, i havent been to the doctor for years，” she replied.“i read about it on a website and the symptoms fitted, so i knew thats what i had.”however, some of her symptoms, like the severe cough and weight loss, didnt fit with itbut shed just ignored this.i looked at the xray again, and more tests confirmed it wasnt the cancer but tuberculosis (肺结核)something that most certainly did need treating, and could be deadly.she was lucky we caught it when we did.mrs almond went pale when i explained she would have to be on treatment for the next six months to ensure that she was fully recovered.it was certainly a lesson for her.“im_so_embarrassed，” she said, shaking her head, as i explained that all the people she had come into close contact with would have to be found out and tested.she listed up to about 20, and then i went to my office to type up my notes.unexpectedly, the computer was not working, so i had to wait until someone from the it department came to fix it.typical.maybe i should have a microwave sausage while i waited?63mrs almond talked about