高考英语阅读理解基础训练题（102）.doc

2014高考英语阅读理解基础训练题（102）及答案【广东省2012届高三考前冲刺卷(三)】ctechnology has been an encouragement of historical change.it acted as such a force in england beginning in the eighteenth century，and across the entire western world in the nineteenth.rapid advances were made in the use of scientific findings in the manufacture(制造) of goods，which has changed ideas about work.one of the first changes was that other forms of energy have taken the place of human power.along with this came the increased use of machines to manufacture products in less time.people also developed machines that could produce the same parts for a product：each nail was exactly like every other nail，meaning that each nail could be changed for every other nail.this means that goods could be mass production，although mass production required breaking production down into smaller and smaller tasks.once this was done，workers no longer started on the product and laboured to complete it.instead，they might work only one thousandth of it，other workers completing their own parts in certain order.there is nothing strange about this manufacturing work by todays standards.highly skilled workers were unable to compare with the new production techniques，as mass production allowed goods of high standard to be produced in greater number than could ever be done by hand.but the skilled worker wasnt the only loser，the common workers lost too.similar changes forced farmers away.the increased mechanization(机械化) of agriculture freed masses of workers from ploughing the land and harvesting its crops.they had little choice but to stream toward the rapidly developing industrial centers.increasingly，standards were set by machines.workers no longer owned their own tools，their skill was no longer valued，and pride in their work was no longer possible.workers fed，looked after and repaired the machines that could work faster than humans at greatly reduced cost.36in this passage，which of the following is not considered as a change caused by the use of scientific findings in the production of goods?aother forms of energy have taken the place of human power.bthe increased exploitation of workers in the 19th century.cthe increased use of machines to make products in less time.dthe use of machines producing parts of the same standard.37the underlined word “this” in the first paragraph refers to_.athe use of scientific findingsbthe practice of producing the same parts for a productcthe human power being replaced by other forms of energydthe technology becoming the encouragement of historical change38the underlined word “this” in the second paragraph refers to the change that_.aeach nail could be taken the place of by every other nailbeach nail was exactly like every other nailcproducing tasks became smaller and smallerdgoods could be mass produced39according to the writer，highly skilled workers_.acompletely disappeared with the coming of the factory systembwere dismissed by the bosscwere unable to produce goods of high standarddwere unable to produce fine goods at that same speed as machines40according to the passage，what did the farmers have to do with the coming of mechanization of agriculture?amany of them had to leave their farmland for industrial centers.bthey stuck to their farm work.cthey refused to use machines. dthey did their best to learn how to use the machines.36b原文中并未说对工人剥削的增加，故选项b为正确答案。37c倒置的一个主要目的就是使句子间连接紧密，因此单词this指上一句的内容。38d在条件句中，this 指上文的内容：货物批量生产。39d可从第二段第四句知道d项为正确答案。40a可根据第二段第六句及第八句判断a项为正确答案。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的a.b.c和d项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 a after our early morning wake-up, we are still a couple ofhours away from the overlooks.it is pitch black.i can feel theheavy humid fog left behind my last nights rain. this is why the tour memo listed flashlight. unfortunately; the majorityof our hiking party of nine must have missed the memo, so wehave only four flashlights between us. an hoar later,we are on the trail. it is dark, foggy, wet and the rocks are alippery.we alternate places between the flashlights haves and have-nots. as we march, the only voices heard are from the haves: step up, step down, watch out for the rock on your left. we reach intipunku with only 15 minutes to spare. the view at sunrise is not what we were told in the travel brochures. three feet in front of our faces is a white substance called fog. as we walk towards the machu picchu ruins, my anticipation is mounting. when will the fog lift? slowly, as if someone is cranking up a curtain, huayna picchu begins to appear,overlooking machu picchu. first there are fleeting glimpses, and then finally, there is, in its full splendor. when i envisioned going to machu picchu, i always thought of mysterious ruins and the famous postcard picture looking toward huayna picchu. but there is more to this man-made / natural wonder of the world. it is the adventure of getting there. i knew i wanted to experience the feel of the inca culture and the energy of this sacred valley, i also knew i didnt want to take the train, but needed to hike. depending on your starting point,the inca trail is 25 to 33miles of semi-arid desert, breathless mountain passes and stunning tropical cloud forest. our hike took us four nights and 25 miles to finish. our local guide mauro keeps telling us no worries, the hike is 90 percent mental and only 10 percent physical. i am not convinced that the physical percentage is correct, but i definitely become more and more excited as we are now getting closer to machu picchu.by getting myself into good shape, running 20 miles and hiking a 500-foot-high hill five to seven times per week before i left for peru, i was able to enjoy the beauty of the hike and not worry much about aching muscles and lungs.1. about flashlights, which of the following statements is true? a. the local guide had asked them to take flashlights for the hike. b. they had taken enough flashlights for the hike. c. before they got to intipunku, they depended a lot on their flashlights. d. they used flashlights all the time.2. put the following events into the right order. a. they reached intipunku, b. they read the travel brochures. c. they walked on the trail in the dark. d. they advanced to get closer to maehu picchu. e. they enjoyed the splendor of huayna picchu. a. ebade b. bacde c. abced d. bcaed3. what does the underlined word anticipation in paragraph four mean? a. expectation b. excitement c. disappointment d. enthusiasm4. what can not be inferred from the text? a. the writer made good preparation for the tour. b. the inca trail took them four nights. c. machu picchu is in the country of peru. d. they reached intipunku ahead of time.5. according to the writer, what attracted him most in the tour? a. mysterious ruins. b. the famous post-card picture. c. the hiking. d. the inca culture.【参考答案】15、cdabc b electric ears are dirty.in fact, not only are they dirty, they might even be more dirty than their gasoline-powered cousins. people in california love to talk about zero-emissions vehicles, but people in california seem to be clueless about where electricity comes from. power plants mostly use fire to make it. aside from the new folks who have their roofs covered with solar cells, we get our electricity from generators. generators are fueled by something-usually coal, oil,but also by heat generated in nuclear power plants. there are a few wind farms and geothermal plants as well, but by far we get electricity mainly by burning something. in other words, those zero-emissions cars are likely coal-burning cars. its just because the coal is burned somewhere else that it looks clean. it is not. its as if the california greens are. covering their eyes-if i cant see it, its not happening. gasoline is an incredibly efficient way to power a vehicle; a gallon of gas has a lot of energy in it.but when you take that gas (or another fuel) and first use it to make electricity, you waste a nice part of that energy, mostly in the form of wasted heat-at the generator, through the transmission lines, etc. a gallon of gas may propel your car 25 miles. but the electricity you get from that gallon of gas wont get you nearly as far-so electric cars bum more fuel than gas-powered ones. if our electricity came mostly from nukes; or geothermal,or hydro, or solar, or wind,then an electric car truly would be clean. but for political, technical,and economic reasons,we dont use much of those energy sources. in addition,electric cars batteries which are poisonous for a long time will eventually end up in a landfill.and finally, when cars are the polluters, the pollution is spread across all the roads. when its a power plant, though, all the junk is in one place. nature is very good at cleaning up when things are too concentrated, but it takes a lot longer when all the garbage is in one spot.6. what does clueless mean in paragraph 2? a. people are seeing the california greens everywhere. b. people in california love to talk about zero-emissions vehicles. c. people in california love to have their roofs covered with solar cells.d. people there have no idea that so far electricity mainly comes from burning coal, oil,etc.7. what is the main idea of the passage? a. electric cars are not clean at all b. electric cars are better than gasoline-powered ones. c. people cast doubts on electric cars batteries. d. gasoline is an efficient way to powera vehicle.8. the electricity we get from a gallon of gas may make our ear run a. not less than 25 miles b. more than 25 miles c. no more than 25 miles d. not more than 25 miles9. according to the passage, electric cars . a. do not burn fuel and more environmentally-friendlyb. are toxic because it is difficult for nature to clean it up when their batteries are buried in one spot. c. are very good at cleaning up when things are not too concentrated d. are poisonous for a long time and will eventually end up in a landfill10. it can be inferred from the passage that a. being green is good and should be encouraged in communicationb. electric cars are not clean in that we get electricity mainly by burning something c. zero-emissions vehicles should be chosen to protect our environmentd. electric cars are now the dominant vehicle compared with gasoline-powered cousins【参考答案】610、 dadbb 【广东省2012届高三考前冲刺卷(三)】d“if there is one thing im sure about，it is that in a hundred years from now we will still be reading newspapers.it is not that newspapers are a necessity.even now some people get most of their news from television or radio.many buy a paper only on saturdays or sundays.but for most people reading a newspaper has become a habit passed down from generation to generation.”the nature of what is news may change.what basically makes news is what affects our livesthe big political stories，the coverage of the wars，earthquakes and other disasters，will continue much the same.i think there will be more coverage of scientific research，though.its already happening in areas that may directly affect our lives, like genetic engineering.in the future，i think there will be more coverage of scientific explanations of why we feel as we doas we develop a better understanding of how the brain operates and what our feelings really are.its quite possible that in the next century newspapers will be transmitted electronically from fleet street and printed out in our own home.in fact, im pretty sure that how it will happen in the future.you will probably be able to choose from a menu，making up your own newspaper by picking out the things you want to readsports and international news，etc.i think people have got it wrong when they talk about competition among the different media.they actually feed_off each other.some people once foresaw that television would kill off newspapers，but that hasnt happened.what is read on the printed pa