高考英语阅读理解专题训练极品题（21）.doc

2014高考英语阅读理解专题训练极品题（21）及答案c72013重庆卷 -eit is widely known that any english conversation begins with the weather.such a fixation with the weather finds expression in dr.johnsons famous comment that “when two english meet, their first talk is of weather.” though johnsons observation is as accurate now as it was over two hundred years ago, most commentators fail to come up with a convincing explanation for this english weatherspeak.bill bryson, for example, concludes that，as the english weather is not at all exciting，the obsession with it can hardly be understood.he argues that “to an outsider，the most striking thing about the english weather is that there is not very much of it.” simply, the reason is that the unusual and unpredictable weather is almost unknown in the british isles.jeremy paxman, however, disagrees with bryson, arguing that the english weather is by nature attractive.bryson is wrong, he says，because the english preference for the weather has nothing to do with the natural phenomena. “the interest is less in the phenomena themselves, but in uncertainty.” according to him, the weather in england is very changeable and uncertain and it attracts the english as well as the outsider.bryson and paxman stand for common misconceptions about the weatherspeak among the english.both commentators, somehow, are missing the point.the english weather conversation is not really about the weather at all.english weatherspeak is a system of signs，which is developed to help the speakers overcome the natural reserve and actually talk to each other.everyone knows conversations starting with weatherspeak are not requests for weather data.rather, they are routine greetings，conversation starters or the blank “fillers”. in other words, english weatherspeak is a means of social bonding.72the author mentions dr.johnsons comment to show that _amost commentators agree with dr.johnsonbdr.johnson is famous for his weather observationcthe comment was accurate two hundred years agodenglish conversations usually start with the weather73what does the underlined word “obsession” most probably refer to?aa social trend.ban emotional state.ca historical concept.dan unknown phenomenon.74according to the passage，jeremy paxman believes that _abill bryson has little knowledge of the weatherbthere is nothing special about the english weathercthe english weather attracts people to the british islesdenglish people talk about the weather for its uncertainty75what is the authors main purpose of writing the passage?ato explain what english weatherspeak is about.bto analyse misconceptions about the english weather.cto find fault with both bill bryson and jeremy paxman.dto convince people that the english weather is changeable.【要点综述】 本文通过对bill bryson和jeremy paxman两人迥然不同的观点的陈述来阐明作者对英国人以天气为寒暄内容的见解。72d逻辑推断题。通过引用名人名言来说明英国人以天气为寒暄内容的现象很普遍。73b 词义推断题。bill bryson认为英国天气单一(there is not very much of it)不足以引起人们的情感响应，因此该词此处指的是 “情感状态”。74d细节理解题。倒数第二段中有“the interest is less in the phenomena themselves, but in uncertainty.”(意思是：人们对英国气候的关注点不是气候本身，而是气候的不确定性。)由此可知答案。75a写作目的题。通过对bill bryson和jeremy paxman两人迥然不同的观点的陈述来阐明作者对英国人以天气为寒暄内容的见解。社会生活类-60an increase in students applying to study economics at university is being attributed to (归因于) the global economic crisis awakening a public thirst for knowledge about how the financial system works. applications for degree courses beginning this autumn were up by 15% this january, according to ucas, the universities and colleges admissions service. a spokesman for the royal economic society said applications to do economics at a-level were also up. professor john beath, the president of the society and a leading lecturer at st andrews university, said his first-year lectureswhich are open to students from all departmentswere drawing crowds of 400, rather than the usual 250. “there are a large number of students who are not economics majors, who would like to learn something about it. one of the things i have done this year is to relate my teaching to contemporary events in a way that one hasnt traditionally done,” he added. university applications rose 7% last year, but there were rises above average in several subjects. nursing saw a 15% jump, with peoples renewed interest in careers in the public sector (部门), which are seen as more secure in economic crisis. a recent study showed almost two thirds of parents believed schools should do more to teach pupils about financial matters, and almost half said their children had asked them what was going on, although a minority of parents felt they did not understand it themselves well enough to explain. zack hocking, the head of child trust funds, said:“its possible that one good thing to arise from the downturn will be a generation thats financially wiser and better equipped to manage their money through times of economic uncertainty.”1. professor john beaths lectures are.a. given in a traditional wayb. connected with the present situationc. open to both students and their parentsd. warmly received by economists2. careers in the public sector are more attractive because of their.a. greater stabilityb. higher payc. fewer applications d. better reputation3. in the opinion of most parents, .a. economics should be the focus of school teachingb. more students should be admitted to universitiesc. the teaching of financial matters should be strengthenedd. children should solve financial problems themselves4. according to hocking, the global economic crisis might make the youngsters.a. wiser in money managementb. have access to better equipmentc. confident about their future careersd. get jobs in child trust funds5. whats the main idea of the text? a. universities have received more applications.b. economics is attracting an increasing number of students.c. college students benefit a lot from economic uncertainty.d. parents are concerned with childrens subject selection. 【参考答案】60.1-5 bacab社会生活类-22directions: read the passage carefully. then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words. most people look forward to retirement as a time when they can finally take up activities that they never had the time or energy to pursue before. but some recent studies on people in their golden years are disturbingthey suggest that retirees are more likely to suffer from depression and possibly higher rates of other diseases such as heart disease and high blood pressure. thats why a new study of french workers is welcome news. led by hugo westerlund, a professor of psychology at stockholm university, the study of more than 14,000 workers found lower rates of depression and fatigue (疲劳) in people after they got tired while they were still employed. the scientists followed the employees of the french national gas and electric company for 14 years. they found in the year immediately after retirement, the volunteers reported 40% fewer depressive symptoms than they had in the year before their retirement. the researchers also found an 81% drop in reports of both mental and physical fatigue over the same time period. clearly, said westerlund, much of these decrease in physical and mental fatigue can be traced back to relief from the stresses of work. the decline in depressive symptoms suggests that retirement may be having a positive mental effect, too, which may have a lot to do with the generous pensions (养老金) that french workers enjoy. most retirees in that country still benefit from about 80% of their yearly salaries. “the economic or financial situation in retirement is very important,”westerlund says. “we dont know if the decrease in fatigue and depressive symptoms is because of the removal of something bad while in work or the addition of something good while in retirement. but no matter the reason, if life in retirement is not comfortable, then we wont see the improvements we did.”however, in european nations like france, governments are considering changes to pension plans, which may affect retirees health after they leave their jobswith less of a financial safety net, workers may no longer seem so mentally and physically happy to be out of work. (note: answer the questions or complete the statements in no more than eight words. )1. according to some recent studies, retired people may have depression and higher rates of other diseases like . 2. westerlunds group found that in the year just after the retirement most retired french workers felt much less tired both . 3. the word “improvements”in paragraph 5 refer to . 4. retirement may make people happier with . 【参考答案】22、【参考答案】1. heart disease and high blood pressure2. mentally and physically3. the decrease of fatigue and depressive symptoms4. more of a financial safety net c72013安徽卷 -a the healthy habits survey(调查)shows that only about one third of american seniors have correct habits. here are some findings and expert advice.1.how many times did you brush your teeth yesterday?finding：a full 33% of seniors brush their teeth only once a day.step：remove the 300 types of bacteria in your mouth each morning with a batteryoperated toothbrush. brush gently for 2 minutes, at least twice a day.2how many times did you wash your hands or bathe yesterday?finding：seniors, on average, bathe fewer than 3 days a week. and nearly 30% wash their hands only 4 times a dayhalf of the number doctors recommend.step：we touch our faces around 3，000 times a dayoften inviting germs(病菌)to enter our mouth, nose, and eyes.use toilet paper to avoid touching the door handle. and, most important, wash your hands often with hot running water and soap for 20 seconds.3how often do you think about fighting germs?finding：seniors are not fighting germs as well as they should.step：be aware of germs. do you know it is not your toilet but your kitchen sponge(海绵)that can carry more germs than anything else? to kill these germs, keep your sponge in the microwave for 10 seconds.56.what is found out about american seniors?amost of them have good habits.bnearly 30% of them bath