高考英语阅读理解巩固精品题练习（13）.doc

2014高考英语阅读理解巩固精品题练习（13）及答案阅读理解-i told my friend graham that i often cycle two miles from my house to the town centre but unfortunately there is a big hill on the routehe replied, you mean fortunatelyhe explained that i should be glad of the extra exercise that the hill providedmy attitude to the hill has now changedi used to grumble as i approached it but now i tell myself the followingthis hill will exercise my heart and lungsit will help me to lose weight and get fitit will mean that i live longerthis hill is my friendfinally i comfort myself with the thought of all those silly people who pay money to go to a gym and sit on stationery exercise bicycles when i call get the same value for freei have a smile of satisfaction as i reach the top of the hillproblems are there to be faced and overcomewe cannot achieve anything with an easy lifehelen keller was the first deaf and blind person to gain a university degreeher activism and writing proved inspirationalshe wrote? character cannot be developed in ease and quietonly through experiences of trial and suffering can the soul be strengthened, vision cleared, ambition inspired and success achievedone of the main determinants of success in life is our attitude towards adversity (逆境）from time to time we all face hardships, problems, accidents, afflictions and difficultiessome are of our making but many confront us through no fault of our ownwhile we cannot choose the adversity we can choose our attitude towards itdouglas bader was 21 when in 1931 he had both legs cut off following a flying accidenthe was deter-mined to fly again and went on to become one of the leading flying aces in the battle of britain with 22 aerial victories over the germanshe was an inspiration to others during the warhe said, dont listen to any-one who tells you that you cant do this or thatthats nonsensemake up your mind, youll never use crutches（拐杖）or a stick, then have a go at everythinggo to school, join in all the games you cango anywhere you want tobut never, never let them persuade you that things are too difficult or impossiblethe biographies （传记） of great people are full of examples of how they took steps to overcome the difficulties they facedthe common thread is that they did not become depressedthey chose their attitudethey chose to be positivethey took on the challengethey wonnevertheless, there is still the problem of how you change your attitude towards adversity57which of the following is true according to the author of the passage?aclimbing hills on bicycles is the best way to fake exercisebpeople are silly to pay to go to the gymcthose who want to achieve success cant expect to live all easy lifedpeoples attitude towards adversity is the only factor that determines whether they will succeed58by quoting what douglas bader said, the author intends to tell us_afailure is the mother of successba fall into the pit, a gain in your witcif you venture nothing, you will have nothingdnothing is difficult to the man who will try59following this passage, the author will further talk about_ahow his friend helped him to change his attitude towards the adversity he facedbwhat steps to take to change your attitude towards the adversity you facecwhat great people have in commondwhy it is important to keep optimistic in face of adversity60which of the following can best function as the title of the passage?aface adversity with a smile bdifferent attitudes towards adversitycnothing is impossible dlife is full of adversity参考答案c82013浙江卷 c the baby monkey is much more developed at birth than the human baby. almost from the moment it is born, the baby monkey can move around and hold tightly to its mother. during the first few days of its life the baby will approach and hold onto almost any large, warm, and soft object in its environment, particularly if that object also gives it milk. after a week or so, however, the baby monkey begins to avoid newcomers and focuses its attentions on “mother”the real mother or the mothersubstitute (母亲替代物). during the first two weeks of its life warmth is perhaps the most important psychological (心理的) thing that a monkey mother has to give to its baby. the harlows, a couple who are both psychologists, discovered this fact by offering baby monkeys a choice of two types of mothersubstitutesone covered with cloth and one made of bare wire. if the two artificial mothers were both the same temperature, the little monkeys always preferred the cloth mother. however, if the wire model was heated, while the cloth model was cool, for the first two weeks after birth the baby monkeys picked the warm wire mothersubstitutes as their favorites. thereafter they switched and spent most of their time on the more comfortable cloth mother. why is cloth preferable to bare wire? something that the harlows called contact(接触) comfort seems to be the answer, and a most powerful influence it is. baby monkeys spend much of their time rubbing against their mothers skins, putting themselves in as close contact with the parent as they can. whenever the young animal is frightened, disturbed, or annoyed, it typically rushes to its mother and rubs itself against her body. wire doesnt “rub” as well as does soft cloth. prolonged (长时间的) “contact comfort” with a cloth mother appears to give the babies confidence and is much more rewarding to them than is either warmth or milk. according to the harlows, the basic quality of a babys love for its mother is trust. if the baby is put into an unfamiliar playroom without its mother, the baby ignores the toys no matter how interesting they might be. it screams in terror and curls up into a furry little ball. if its cloth mother is now introduced into the playroom, the baby rushes to it and holds onto it for dear life. after a few minutes of contact comfort, it obviously begins to feel more secure. it then climbs down from the mothersubstitute and begins to explore the toys, but often rushes back for a deep embrace (拥抱) as if to make sure that its mother is still there and that all is well. bit by bit its fears of the new environment are gone and it spends more and more time playing with the toys and less and less time holding onto its “mother”. 50psychologically, what does the baby monkey desire most during the first two weeks of its life? a. warmth. b. milk. c. contact. d. trust. 51after the first two weeks of their life, baby monkeys prefer the cloth mother to the wire mother because the former is _. a. larger in size b. closer to them c. less frightening and less disturbing d. more comfortable to rub against 52what does the baby monkey probably gain from prolonged “contact comfort”？a. attention. b. softness. c. confidence. d. interest. 53it can be inferred that when the baby monkey feels secure, _. a. it frequently rushes back for a deep embrace when exploring the toysb. it spends more time screaming to get rewardsc. it is less attracted to the toys though they are interestingd. it cares less about whether its mother is still around54the main purpose of the passage is to _. a. give the reasons for the experimentb. present the findings of the experimentc. introduce the method of the experimentd. describe the process of the experiment【要点综述】 这是一篇说明文。作者主要向读者阐述了一个关于幼猴的实验发现。50a考查细节理解。从文章第一段“during the first few days of its lifeonto almost any large, warm, and soft object”可知，幼猴刚出生最需要的是温暖，所以选a项。51d考查推理判断。从第三段“why is cloth preferable to bare wire？baby monkeys spent much of their time rubbing against their mothers skins”推知，幼猴选择“布妈妈”，而不是“线妈妈”的原因在于相对于“线妈妈”而言，“布妈妈”皮肤接触起来更舒服，可能也更暖和，故选d项。 52c考查细节理解。从第三段“prolonged (长时间的)contact comfort with a cloth mother appears to give the babies confidence and ”可知，长时间地与“布妈妈”接触，增加了幼猴的自信心，因此c项是最佳答案。53d考查推理判断。从最后一段“if its cloth mother is now introducedit obviously begins to feel more secure.it then climbs down fromand less and less time holding onto its mother”推知，当幼猴看到“布妈妈”后，它会觉得有安全感，从而在行为上会放松起来，从而越来越喜欢玩玩具，而减少与“母亲”接触的时间，所以d项正确。54b 考查写作意图。文章主要介绍了一个关于幼猴的实验结果，因此作者在文章中是要呈现这个结果给读者，所以b项为最佳答案。阅读理解my father was a foreman of a sugar-cane plantation in rio piedras, puerto rico. my first job was to drive the oxen that ploughed the cane fields. i would walk behind an ox, guiding him with a broomstick. for $ 1 a day, i worked eight hours straight, with no food breaks.it was very tedious work, but it prepared me for life and taught me many lasting lessons. because the plantation owners were always watching us, i had to be on time every day and work as hard as i could. ive never been late for any job since. i also learned about being respectful and faithful to the people you work for. more important, i earned my pay; it never entered my mind to say i was sick just because i didnt want to work.i was only six years old, but i was doing a mans job. our family needed every dollar we could make because my father never earned more than $ 18 a week. our home was a three-room wood shack with a dirty floor and no toilet. nothing made me prouder than bringing home money to help my mother, father, two brothers and three sisters. this gave me self-esteem(自尊心), one of the most important things a person can have.when i was seven, i got work at a golf course near our house. my job was to stand down the fairway and spot the balls as they landed, so the golfers could find them. losing a ball meant you were fired, so i never missed one. some nights i would lie in bed and dreamt of making thousands of dollars by playing golf and being able to buy a bicycle.the more i dreamed, the more i thought. why not? i made my first golf club out of guava limb(番石榴树枝) and a piece of pipe. then i hammered an empty tin can into the shape of a ball. and finally i dug two small holes in the ground and hit the ball back and forth. i practiced with the same devotion and intensity. i learned working in the field except now i was driving golf balls with club, not oxen with a broomstick.41. the writers first job was _. a. to stand down the fairway at a golf course b. to drive the oxen that ploughed the cane fields c. to watch over the sugar-cane plantation d. to spot the balls as they landed so the golfers could find them42. the writer learned that_ from his first job.a. he should work for those who he liked mostb. he should work longer than what he was expected c. he should never fail to say hello to his owner d. he should be respectful and faithful to the people he worked for43. _ gave the writer self-esteem.a. having a family of eight people b. owning his own golf course c. bringing money back home to help the family d. helping his father with the work on the plantation44. which of the following statements is true according to the passage? a. he wanted to be a successful golfer. b. he wanted to run a golf course near his house.c. he was satisfied with the job he got on a plantation.d. he wanted to make money by guiding oxen with a broomstick. 参考答案41-44 cdbd 阅读理解youre out to dinner. the food is delicious and the service is fine. you decide to leave a big fat tip. why? the answer may not be as simple as you think.tipping, psychologists have found, is not just about service. instead, studies have shown that tipping can be affected by psychological reactions to a series of different factors from the waiters choice of words, to how they carry themselves while taking orders, to the bills total. even how much waiters remind customers of themselves can determine how much change they pocket by the end of the night.“studies before have shown that mimicry (模仿) brings into positive feelings for the mimicker,” wrote rick van baaren, a social psychology professor. “these studies show that people who are being mimicked become more generous toward the person who mimics them.”so rick van baaren divided 59 waiters into two groups. he requested that half serve with a phrase such as, “coming up!” those in the other half were instructed to repeat the orders and preferences back to the customers. rick van baaren then compared their take-home. the results were clear it pays to mimic your customer. the copycat(模仿者) waiters earned almost double the amount of tips to the other group.leonard green and joel myerson, psychologists at washington university in st. louis, found the generosity of a tipper may be limited by his bill. after research on the 1,000 tips left for waiters, cabdrivers, hair stylists, they found tip percentages in these three areas dropped as customers bills went up. in fact, tip percentages appear to plateau (达到稳定水平) when bills topped $100 and a bill for $200 made the worker gain no bigger percentage tip than a bill for $100.“thats also a point of tipping,” green says. “you have to give a little extra to the cab driver for being there to pick you up and something to the waiter for being there to serve you. if they werent there, youd never get any service. so part of the idea of a tip is for just being there.”45. apart from service, how many other factors affecting the customers tipping are mentioned in the passage?a. 1.b. 2.c. 3.d. 4.46. these studies show that _.a. tipping can be affected by physical reactions to many different waiters factorsb. people who are being mimicked usually tip less to the person who mimics them c. the mimic waiters can get almost twice as much money as the other groupd. mimicry makes the mimicker feel bad47. according to the passage, which of the following will be likely to show the right change of the tip percentages?tip ($)50 100 150 bill ($)302010tip ($)50 100 150 bill ($)302010tip ($)50 100 150 bill ($)302010tip ($)50 100 150 bill ($)302010a b c d48. we know from the passage that the writer seems to _.a. object to mr. greens idea about tippingb. think part of mr. greens explanation is reasonablec. give his generous tip to waiters very oftend. support the opinions of mr. green and rick van baaren about tipping参考答案45-48 cbac c82013北京卷 dmultitaskingpeople who multitask all the time may be the worst at doing two things at once, a new research suggests. the findings, based on performances and selfevaluations by about 275 college students, indicate that many people multitask not out of a desire to increase productivity, but because they are easily distracted (分心) and cant focus on one activity. and “those people turn out to be the worst at handling different things，” said david sanbonmatsu, a psychologist at the university of utah.sanbonmatsu and his colleagues gave the students a set of tests and asked them to report how often they multitasked, how good they thought they were at it, and how sensationseeking (寻求刺激) or impulsive (冲动) they were. they then evaluated the participants multitasking ability with a tricky mental task that required the students to do simple mathematical calculations while remembering a set of letters.not surprisingly, the scientists said, most people thought they were better than average at multitasking, and those who thought they were better at it were more likely to report using a cellphone while driving or viewing multiple kinds of media at once. but those who frequently deal with many things at the same time were found to perform the worst at the actual multitasking test. they also were more likely to admit to sensationseeking and impulsive behavior, which connects with how easily people get bored and distracted.“people multitask not because its going to lead to greater productivity, but because theyre distractible, and they get sucked into things that are not as important，” sanbonmatsu said.adam gazzaley, a researcher at the university of california, san francisco, who was not a member of the research group, said one limitation of the study was that it couldnt find out whether people who start out less focused tend toward multitasking or whether peoples recognizing and understanding abilities change as a result of multitasking.the findings do suggest, however, why the sensationseekers who multitask the most may enjoy risky distracted driving. “people who are multitaskin