高考英语阅读理解基础极品训练题（30）.doc

2014高考英语阅读理解基础极品训练题（30）及答案阅读理解-ca study now lends support to the idea that meal-time distractions (分散注意) can mask the clues that we really have eaten quite enough. moreover, it finds, the caloric fallout of not paying attention to what were eating doesnt necessarily end when a meal is over. rose cooper from england, and her colleagues gathered 22 men and an equal number of women for an experiment. each person dined alone, continuously receiving nine small shares of food items. these ranged from cheese twists and potato chips to carrots, cherry tomatoes and sandwiches or sausage rolls. because the goal was to test the potential impacts of distraction on fullness, the researchers randomly assigned half of the participants to eat in front of a computerand to gain as many wins as possible at the “card” game. everyone else was told to focus on the sensory qualities of their meal. according to their instructions, the participants ate all of the food given to them. yet people who played a computer game during lunch found their meal less filling than the mindful eaters had. game players also swallow down twice as many cookies, almost an hour later, when they were allowed all the dessert they wanted (in the name of a taste test). the british scientists present their findings in the february american journal of clinical nutrition.the real question is why distracted eating should impact snacking. it appears, the scientists say, that memory plays some tricky role in how we register what we eat and the degree to which it satisfies. interestingly, eight years ago, britta barkeling of huddinge university in stockholm and her colleagues reported somewhat related findings. their 18 overweight subjects had no choice other than to get rid of everything but lunch, on one daybecause they were blindfolded. compared to a day when they could view what they were dining on, these people consumed only three quarters as many calories. yet even hours afterward, they reported being no less full than on the day they had been able to see their plates.of course dining in the dark isnt practical. and sometimes what we eat doesnt really invite our absolute attention. but there is certainly a growing mountain of data indicating that mindless eating is a waste of resources, a risk to our waistlinesand a costly threat to health. 8. rose cooper and her colleagues did the experiment in order to _. a. show that all the people enjoy snacks b. prove that playing computer games is harmful while diningc. find possible effects of distraction on fullnessd. test the impacts of eating snacks on different people9. which is the most effective way to concentrate on your food when dining? a. viewing your food. b. blindfolding your eyes. c. playing computer games. d. eating by oneself.10. the reason why distracted eating influences snacking may be that _.a. you eat less in that case b. you are cheated by your memoryc. you have consumed more calories d. you digest what youve eaten faster11. we can conclude from the passage that _.a. distracted eating may damage your healthb. eating snacks will make you feel fullc. britta became famous because of the experimentd. playing is more important than what we eat【参考答案】810、cbb 11、a 阅读理解-d(2013四川，e)fear may be felt in the heart as well as in the head, according to a study that has found a link between the cycles of a beating heart and the chance of someone feeling fear.tests on healthy volunteers found that they were more likely to feel a sense of fear at the moment when their hearts are contracting (收缩) and pumping blood around their bodies, compared with the point when the heartbeat is relaxed. scientists say the results suggest that the heart is able to influence how the brain responds to a fearful event, depending on which point it is at in its regular cycle of contraction and relaxation.sarah garfinkel at the brighton and sussex medical school said: “our study shows for the first time that the way in which we deal with fear is different depending on when we see fearful pictures in relation to our heart.”the study tested 20 healthy volunteers on their reaction to fear as they were shown pictures of fearful faces. dr garfikel said, “the study showed that fearful faces are better noticed when the heart is pumping than when it is relaxed. thus our hearts can also affect what we see and what we dont seeand guide whether we see fear.”to further understand this relationship, the scientists also used a brain scanner (扫描仪 ) to show how the brain influences the way the heart changes a persons feeling of fear. “we have found an important mechanism by which the heart and brain speak to each other to change our feeling and reduce fear，” dr garfinkel said. “we hope that by increasing our understanding about how fear is dealt with and ways that it could be reduced, we may be able to develop more successful treatments for anxiety disorders, and also for those who may be suffering from serious stress disorder.”文章大意：一项研究表明，人的心脏能够对人感知恐惧的反应产生影响。13what is the finding of the study? aones heart affects how he feels fear. bfear is a result of ones relaxed heartbeat. cfear has something to do with ones health. dones fast heartbeats are likely to cause fear. 答案：a细节理解题，由第一段可知，研究发现心脏跳动的周期与人感觉害怕的可能性之间存在联系。14the study was carried out by analyzing _.avolunteers heartbeats when they saw terrible picturesbthe time volunteers saw fearful pictures and their health conditionscvolunteers reactions to horrible pictures and data from their brain scansddifferent pictures shown to volunteers and their heartbrain communication答案：c细节理解题，由第四段第一句话可知，本次研究是通过向20名志愿者展示令人恐惧的图片来测验他们的反应来进行的。15which of the following is closest in meaning to “mechanism” in paragraph 6?aorder. bsystem. cmachine. dtreatment. 答案：b词义猜测题，由第六段可以得知，心脏和大脑能够“对话”来改变情感、减少恐惧，所依赖的当然应该是身体中的某个系统。16this study may contribute to _.atreating anxiety and stress betterbexplaining the cycle of fear and anxiety cfinding the key to the heartbrain communicationdunderstanding different fears in our hearts and heads答案：a细节理解题，由文章最后一段可知，本项研究对研发解决焦虑症和由于压力大而产生的紊乱治疗方法会有帮助。阅读理解-e(2013湖北，e)a german study suggests that people who were too optimistic about their future actually faced greater risk of disability or death within 10 years than those pessimists who expected their future to be worse.the paper, published this march in psychology and aging, examined health and welfare surveys from roughly 40,000 germans between ages 18 and 96. the surveys were conducted every year from 1993 to 2003.survey respondents (受访者) were asked to estimate their present and future life satisfaction on a scale of 0 to 10, among other questions.the researchers found that young adults (age 18 to 39) routinely overestimated their future life satisfaction, while middleaged adults (age 40 to 64) more accurately predicted how they would feel in the future. adults of 65 and older, however, were far more likely to underestimate their future life satisfaction. not only did they feel more satisfied than they thought they would, the older pessimists seemed to suffer a lower ratio (比率) of disability and death for the study period.“we observed that being too optimistic in predicting a better future than actually observed was associated with a greater risk of disability and a greater risk of death within the following decade，” wrote frieder r. lang, a professor at the university of erlangennuremberg.lang and his colleagues believed that people who were pessimistic about their future may be more careful about their actions than people who expected a rosy future.“seeing a dark future may encourage positive evaluations of the actual self and may contribute to taking improved precautions (预防措施)，” the authors wrote.surprisingly, compared with those in poor health or who had low incomes, respondents who enjoyed good health or income were associated with expecting a greater decline. also, the researchers said that higher income was related to a greater risk of disability.the authors of the study noted that there were limitations to their conclusions. illness, medical treatment and personal loss could also have driven health outcomes.however, the researchers said a pattern was clear. “we found that from early to late adulthood, individuals adapt their expectations of future life satisfaction from optimistic, to accurate, to pessimistic，” the authors concluded.文章大意：本文主要讲述了不同年龄段的人们对未来生活的态度，对生活的满意度和幸福指数。17according to the study, who made the most accurate prediction of their future life satisfaction?aoptimistic adults. bmiddleaged adults.cadults in poor health. dadults of lower income.答案：b细节理解题，根据while middleaged adults (age 40 to 64) more accurately predicted how they would feel in the future.可知b正确。18pessimism may be positive in some way because it causes people _.ato fully enjoy their present lifebto estimate their contribution accuratelycto take measures against potential risksdto value health more highly than wealth答案：c细节理解题，根据“seeing a dark future may encourage positive evaluations of the actual self and may contribute to taking improved precautions (预防措施)，” the authors wrote可知c正确。19how do people of higher income see their future?athey will earn less money.bthey will become pessimistic.cthey will suffer mental illness.dthey will have less time to enjoy life.答案：a细节理解题，根据surprisingly, compared with those in poor health or who had low incomes, respondents who enjoyed good health or income were associated with expecting a greater decline可知a正确。20what is the clear conclusion of the study?apessimism guarantees chances of survival.bgood financial condition leads to good health.cmedical treatment determines health outcomes.dexpectations of future life satisfaction decline with age.答案：d细节理解题，根据“we found that from early to late adulthood, individuals adapt their expectations of future life satisfaction from optimistic, to accurate, to pessimistic，”可知，他们对生活的满意度随着年龄的增长而变小。阅读理解-d bobby qualls was shopping when he received a text message: fire on beechmont, one-story house, child trapped inside. “i was picking out gifts for the family our engine house adopted for christmas,” remembers qualls, who has been fighting fires in memphis for 24 years. “i had this sinking feeling as i got in my car and headed over.” the last time qualls had been on beechmont street was to install smoke detectors (感应器) at the bateman-tubbs home. hed been on a secret task to see if they needed extra help during the holidays. there he discovered that the four bateman-tubbs children were sleeping on bare mattresses (床垫), and he found two of the boys playing outside in 30-degree weather with no shoes or coats. qualls learned that leonard tubbs was doing his best to make ends meet laying floors while kimberly bateman stayed home with the kids. “when bobby told me his team wanted to be secret santas and buy my kids toys, at first i thought we didnt need any help,” bateman recalls. “it really touched me. i told him what the kids really needed was warm clothes.” thats exactly what qualls was shopping for on december 9, 2010: winter jackets for christopher, seven; jojo, four; madison, one; and two-month-old charles. while driving over to beechmont street, he dialed batemans cell phone. she answered on the first ring, screaming, “the house is on firejojos trapped inside!” by the time qualls reached the house, the family had gotten out, but their home was severely damaged. his coworkers had found jojo hiding under a pile of clothes in a back bedroom. he had stopped breathing and had been given cpr and rushed to the hospital. qualls learned that jojo was now on life support and might not make it through the night. he rushed to the hospital with lt. mark eskew, who placed a stuffed teddy bear in a firefighters suit on jojos bed. “i just kept praying my little boy would open his eyes,” bateman recalls. “there was nothing else i could do. they were pumping black and thick liquid out of his lungs and stomach for days.” after a few days, though, jojo regained consciousness, and the tubes were taken out of his throat. while he began to slowly recover, the local newspaper and tv stations got hold of the story, and the secret santa plan of qualls and his fellow firefighters snowballed. before lo