高考英语阅读理解基础训练题（112）.doc

2014高考英语阅读理解基础训练题（112）及答案【广东省2012届高三考前冲刺卷(一)】ceveryone knows that taxation is necessary in a modern state：without it，it would not be possible to pay the soldiers and policemen who protect us；nor the workers in government offices who look after our health，our food，our water，and all the other things that we cannot do for ourselves；nor the ministers and members of parliament(国会) who govern the country for us.by means of taxation，we pay for things that we need just as much as we need somewhere to live and something to eat.but everyone knows that taxation is necessary，different people have different ideas about how taxation should be arranged.should each person have to pay a certain amount of money to the government each year？or should there be tax on things that people buy and sell？if the first kind of taxation is used，should everyone pay the same tax，whether he is rich or poor？if the second kind of tax is preferred，should everything be taxed equally?in most countries，a direct tax on persons，which is called income tax，exists.it is arranged in such a way that the poorest people pay nothing，and the percentage of tax grows greater as the taxpayers income grows.in england，for example，the tax on the richest people goes up as high as ninetyfive percent!but countries with direct taxation nearly always have indirect taxation too.many things imported into the country have to pay taxes or “duties”of course，it is the men and women who buy these imported things in the shops who really have to pay the duties，in the form of higher prices.in some countries，too，there is a tax on things sold in the shops.if the most necessary things are taxed，a lot of money is collected，but the poor people suffer most.if unnecessary things like jewels and fur coats are taxed，less money is got but the tax is fairer，as the rich pay it.probably this last kind of indirect tax，together with a direct tax on incomes which is low for the poor and high for the rich，is the best arrangement.36the first paragraph tells us about the_.atax policiesbtaxable itemscarrangement of taxationdimportance of taxation37which of the following statements about income tax is not true in most countries?athe poorest pay no tax.bthe poor pay the same taxes as the rich.cthe rich pay more taxes than the poor.dthe rich pay a very high percentage of tax.38people who buy imported items in the shops have to pay duties_.ato the government officebat a lower pricecas an income taxdin the form of higher prices39according to the writer，if valuable things are taxed，_.amuch money is collectedbthe poor suffer a lotcthe rich will be happydthe tax is more reasonable40in the passage，the writer suggests_.atwo kinds of income taxesbthe importance of indirect taxescthe fairer income taxesdmore than one kind of indirect taxes36d第一段第一句就是主题句。37b从第三段可以作出判断。38d第四段第三句已经点明了此题答案。39d从第四段最后一句可知答案。40d从文章最后两段内容可以看出最佳选项。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的a.b.c和d项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。awithout most people realizing it, there has been a revolution in office work over the last ten years. before that time, large computers were only used by large, rich companies that could afford the investment. with the advancement of technology, small computers have come onto the market, which are capable of doing the work that used to be done by much larger and expensive computers, so now most smaller companies can use them.the main development in small computers has been in the field of word processors (处理器) , or wps as they are often called. 40% of british offices are now estimated to have a word processor and this percentage is growing fast.there are many advantages in using a word processor for both secretary and manager. the secretary is freed from a lot of daily work, such as re-typing letters and storing papers. he or she can use this time to do other more interesting work for the boss. from a managers point of view, secretarial time is being made better use of and money can be saved by doing daily jobs automatically outside office hours.but is it all good? if a lot of daily secretarial work can be done automatically, surely this will mean that fewer secretaries will be needed. another worry is the increasing medical problems related to work with visual display units (显示器). the case of a slow loss of sight among people using word processors seems to have risen greatly. it is also feared that if a woman works at a vdu for long hours, the unborn child in her body might be killed. safety screens to put over a vdu have been invented but few companies in england bother to buy them. whatever the arguments for and against word processor are, they are a key feature (特征) of this revolution in office practice.1. ten years ago, smaller companies did not use large computers because_.a. these companies had not enough money to buy such expensive computers b. these computers could not do the work that small computers can do today c. these computers did not come onto the market d. these companies did not need to use this new technology2. according to the writer, the main feature of the revolution in office work over the last ten years is _. a. the saving of time and money b. the use of computers in small companies c. the wide use of word processorsd. the decreasing number of secretaries3. it is implied but not directly stated in the passage that with the use of word processors _. a. some secretaries will lose their jobs b. daily jobs can be done automatically outside office hours c. medical problems related to work with a vdu have increased greatly d. the british companies will make less money4. which of the following statements is not true? a. there are both advantages and disadvantages in using a word processor. b. the british companies care much for the health of the people using word processors. c. the technology in the field of computers has been greatly advanced over the last ten years. d. using word processors, secretaries can get more time to do more interesting work for their bosses.5. it can be concluded from the passage that _. a. safety screens are of poor quality b. working at a vdu for a long time is good for ones health c. more and more british offices will use word processors d. british companies will need fewer and fewer managers【参考答案】15、acabc balthough april did not bring us the rains we all hoped for, and although the central valley doesnt generally experience the sound and lightning that can go with those rains, its still important for parents to be able to answer the youthful questions about thunder and lightning.the reason these two wonders of nature are so difficult for many adults to explain to children is that they are not very well understood by adults themselves. for example, did you know that the lightning we see flashing down to the earth from a cloud is actually flashing up to a cloud from the earth? our eyes trick us into thinking we see a downward motion when its actually the other way around. but then, if we believed only what we think and we see, wed still insist that the sun rises in the morning and sets at night.most lightning flashes take place inside a cloud, and only a relative few can be seen jumping between two clouds or between earth and a cloud. but, with about 2,000 thunderstorms taking place above the earth every minute of the day and night, theres enough activity to produce about 100 lightning strikes on earth every second.parents can use thunder and lightning to help their children learn more about the world around them. when children understand that the light of the lightning flashing reaches their eyes almost at the same moment, but the sound of the thunder takes about 5 seconds to travel just one mile, they can begin to time the interval (间隔) between the flash and the crash to learn how close they were to the actual spark (闪光).6. according to the author, in the area of the central valley_. a. rains usually come without thunder and lightning. b. it is usually dry in april c. children pay no attention to the two natural wonders. d. parents are not interested in thunder an lightning.7. we believe that lightning is a downward motion because_. a. we were taught so by our parents from our childhood. b. we are taken in by our sense of vision. c. it is a common natural sight. d. it is a truth proved by science.8. what is true about lightning according to the passage? a. only a small number of lightning flashes occur on earth. b. lightning flashes usually jump from one cloud to another. c. lightning travels 5 times faster than thunder. d. there are far more lightning strikes occurring on earth than we can imagine.9. the underlined word “activity” is most closely related to the word (s) _. a. cloudb. lightning strikes c. lightning flashesd. thunderstorms10. it can be concluded from the passage that _. a. we should not believe what we see or hear. b. things moving downward are more noticeable. c. people sometimes may have wrong ideas about ordinary phenomena. d. adults are not as good as children in observing certain natural phenomena.【参考答案】610、abddc 【广东省2012届高三考前冲刺卷(一)】dthe quality of drinking water in shanghai will meet european union standard by 2015 and，a decade later，citizens in shanghai will drink the best water in the world.these were the goals set by the shanghai water authority.with the citys population expected to increase only slightly and the economy to boom by 2020，chen yin，an official with the water authority，said shanghais water consumption will not increase from its present amount.zhang yue，director of the urban construction division under the ministry of construction，said，“shanghai is the first city in the country to publicize these ambitions.they will not be easy to achieve.”he said water saving will help keep the sustainable development of chinas economy.saving one cubic meter of water means saving the citys infrastructure(基础设施) costs by 10,000 yuan.last year，shanghai saved 300 million cubic meters of water either from readjustment of industrial structure or the employment of new technology.“the_aim is to arouse public awareness of the seriousness of water shortage，” chen said，“the abundant surface water and amount of rain of the city are so misleading that they result in improper use of water.”shanghai lacks drinkable water.the huangpu river，which supplies 80 percent of the citys drinkable water，is nearing exhaustion.the city，therefore，has been exploring new sources from the yangtze river and growing forests along it to conserve quality water.besides penning regulations，the authority is popularizing technology among the public to efficiently cut the amount of water used.at present，the city has 600,000 family toilets，each using 13 liters of water per flush.these are to be renovated(整修) to use only 9 liters of water per flush.the authority is renovating the first 200 toilets for householdsat a cost of 40 yuan each.in three years，all the toilets will be renovated，which saves the city nearly 15 million yuan every year in water conservation.another task the city is engaged in is the treatment of sewage(污水) to improve the water environment.at present the city can only treat 44 percent of its daily 5.04 million tons of waste water.to meet the total demand,27 more sewagetreatment factories are to be established with an estimated investment of 18 billion yuan.41the people in shanghai get their daily water mainly from _ now.aundergroundbthe yellow rivercthe yangtze riverdthe huangpu river42the underli