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AHZC0655 锤片粉碎机设计【7张CAD图纸+三维图UG+毕业论文】

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关键词：: ahzc0655 粉碎机设计

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摘要

粉碎是粮食加工生产过程中一道至关重要的工序，对于原材料的充分利用以及动植物的充分吸收起到关键作用，能够极大地提高饲料的利用率；同时，粉碎原料粒度的小对后续工序(如制粒等)的难易程度和成品质量都有着非常重要的影响，而且，粉碎粒度的大小直接影响着生产成本，在生产粉状配合饲料时，粉碎工序的电耗约为总电耗的50%～70%。粉碎粒度越小，越有利于动物消化吸收，也越有利于制粒，但同时电耗会相应增加，反之亦然。

粉碎过程的实质是通过输入能量使得物料的比表面积增大的过程。在此过程中，能量消耗在表面积增大、颗粒变形、摩擦、组织结构的变化方面。对于不同性质的原料，不同的粉碎方式，不同的输入能量，粉碎过程也不同。

我国每年粉碎加工总量达2亿多吨。饲料粉碎机作为饲料工业的主要装备，对饲料质量、饲料报酬、饲料加工成本的形成是一个重要因素。所以，恰当地掌握粉碎技术、选用适当的粉碎机型是饲料生产不可忽视的问题。

本课题设计的是一种经济节能型锤片粉碎机。本锤片粉碎机用于玉米等物料的破碎，具有产能高，节约能源，破碎效率高等特点。操作简便，维修方便，使用寿命长。

关键词：粉碎；饲料加工；锤片式；节能高效

Abstract

Grinding is a very important procedure in food processing production process, to make full use of raw materials and the animals and plants to play a key role fully absorbed; the same time, crushed raw grain have a very significant impact on the degree of small follow-up processes (such as granulation, etc.), the ease and quality of finished products; Moreover, the granularity of the size of a direct impact on production costs in the production of powdered formula feed, grinding process power consumption is about the total power consumption of 50% to 70%. The smaller the granularity, the more conducive to animal digestion and absorption, the more conducive to granulation, but power consumption will increase accordingly, and vice versa.

The substance of the crushing process materials through the input energy makes the process of increasing the specific surface area. In this process, the energy consumption in the surface area increases, the particle deformation, friction, and organizational structure change. Crushing the raw materials of different nature, different input energy, the process of pulverizing.

China smash the processing of a total of more than 200 million tons a year. The feed mill equipment, as the feed industry and feed quality, feed efficiency, feed processing cost is an important factor. Therefore, the proper grasp of grinding technology, selection of the appropriate type of shredder feed production can not be ignored.

The subject of design is an economical and energy-efficient hammer mill. The hammer mill for crushing of materials such as corn, high productivity, energy conservation, fragmentation and high efficiency. Simple operation, easy maintenance, long service life.

Key words: crushing process；feed processing; hammer smashing; Energy conservation； efficient

摘要III

AbstractIV

1 绪论1

1.1 粉碎理论1

1.2 粉碎的方法1

1.2.1压碎1

1.2.2 劈碎2

1.2.3 沂碎2

1.2.4 冲击破碎2

1.2.5 磨碎(研磨)2

1.3 粉碎机的分类3

1.4 锤片粉碎机的概况3

1.5 锤片粉碎机的原理4

1.6 锤片粉碎机的分类5

1.7 国内外锤片式粉碎机发展概况6

1.7.1 国外锤片式粉碎机发展概况6

1.7.2 我国的锤片式粉碎机发展概况7

2 锤片粉碎机的总体设计9

2.1 原理及工作类型9

2.2 锤片粉碎机的结构9

2.3 转子转速10

3 锤片粉碎机主要部件的设计说明11

3.1 已知条件11

3.2 电机的选择11

3.3 V型带设计11

3.4 主轴的设计14

3.4.1 选择轴的材料及热处理14

3.4.2 主轴的结构设计15

3.4.3 轴的强度校核16

3.4.4 轴承的校核19

3.4.5 轴承的校核19

3.4.6 有限元分析20

3.5 锤片的设计22

3.6 转子的设计24

3.7 筛网和齿板的设计25

3.8 排料装置的设计25

3.8.1 粉碎机排料装置的概况25

3.8.2 输送设备的选择26

3.8.3 螺旋输送机的结构设计27

4 锤片粉碎机的操作、维护和检修28

4.1 生产操作28

4.2 设备维护和更换28

4.3 设备的定期检修29

4.4 锤片和筛网的更换29

5 结论与展望30

5.1 结论30

5.2 不足之处及未来展望30

致谢31

参考文献32

1 绪论

1.1 粉碎理论

实际粉碎过程中的粉碎料粒度分布受到两个主要因素的影响，即原料性质和粉碎设备结构与操作参数，实际粉碎过程是一个比较复杂的过程，有以下三种粉碎破坏模型。

（1）体积粉碎模型

物料初始粉碎时整个颗粒就收到全面破坏，但初始生成物种大多数为粒度较大的中间颗粒，随着粉碎的进行，这些中间颗粒逐渐被粉碎成细小颗粒，达到稳定，粉碎能耗与体积变化成正比。这种模型反映了大多数粉碎的过度过程，社用于一般脆性物料的冲击粉碎。

（2）表面粉碎模型

物料的粉碎进发生在颗粒的表面，而不发生在颗粒内部，即物料的粉碎过程是从外层逐渐向内层破碎的，所需能量与粉碎后新生的表面积成正比。该模型适用于各种物料的微粉碎和超微粉碎、韧性和坚硬物料的粉碎，粉碎作用方式主要是研磨和低强度冲击粉碎。

（3）均一粉碎模型

粉碎过程中输入至物料颗粒的能量直接传递到颗粒的各个部分，颗粒被直接粉碎成均匀的细小颗粒，粉碎能耗与物料内产生的裂纹长度成正比。适用于低强度脆性物料的强力冲击粉碎。

1.2 粉碎的方法

物料粉碎的方法类型繁多，但按施力方法不同．对物料粉碎有挤压、弯曲、冲击、剪切和研磨等方法。而在粉碎机械中，施力情况却是很复杂的，往往是几种施力方式同时存在，当然在某一台粉碎机械中也只有一种或二种主要施力。

由于物料颗粒本身的形状是不规则的、而且不同物料的物性不同，所以应该采用不同的粉研方法。利用机械力粉碎物料按施加外力的不同有如下几种方法。

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内容简介：: 编号无锡太湖学院毕业设计（论文）相关资料题目： AHZC0655锤片粉碎机的设计信机系机械工程及自动化专业学号： 0923827学生姓名：奚伟指导教师：俞经虎（职称：副教授）（职称：） 2013年5月25日目录一、毕业设计（论文）开题报告二、毕业设计（论文）外文资料翻译及原文三、学生“毕业论文（论文）计划、进度、检查及落实表”四、实习鉴定表无锡太湖学院毕业设计（论文）开题报告题目： AHZC0655锤片粉碎机的设计信机系机械工程及自动化专业学号： 0923827 学生姓名：奚伟指导教师：俞经虎（职称：副教授）（职称：） 2012年11月24日课题来源饲料原料的粉碎是饲料加工中非常重要的一个环节，通过粉碎可增大单位质量原料颗粒的大总表面积，增加饲料养分在动物消化液中的溶解度，提高动物的消化率所以，恰当地掌握粉碎技术、选用适当的锤片粉碎机型并在原先类型上进行设计是非常必要的。科学依据（包括课题的科学意义；国内外研究概况、水平和发展趋势；应用前景等）科学意义：粉碎是制造饲料中最重要的工序之一。粉碎饲料原料常用击碎、磨碎、压碎或锯切碎等方式。但是，从粉碎粒度以及效率等要求出发，粉碎饲料原料采用最广泛的是锤片粉碎机（击碎）。因此，分析研究并设计锤片粉碎机具有很强的现实意义。国内外研究概况：国产锤片式粉碎机的技术水平和性能已接近或达到国际同类产品先进水平。我国饲料粉碎机生产企业的产品品种、规格齐全，能基本满足我国畜牧、水产养殖业发展的需要，但在目前社会整体能源短缺的背景下，锤片式粉碎机还是存在功耗高的缺点显得尤为突出。国外的锤片粉碎机水平本就比较先进，近年来为适应饲料粉碎的特点及需求，还有采用变频装置控制锤片式粉碎机的转速来改善其粉碎性能。在结构上，近年来还出现了立式锤片粉碎机。水平和发展趋势：锤片粉碎机最早源于国外，以美国、日本为首的发达国家在“锤片粉碎机”领域具有绝对专利优势，我国锤片粉碎机行业尚处于发展阶段，锤片粉碎机的行业集中度不足。其次，在技术上虽然已经取得了很大的进去，但相对于美、日依然有较大的差距。所以锤片粉碎机在我国有着很好的发展前景。应用前景：饲料加工生产行业是农业发展的支柱性产业，和我们每个人的生活息息相关，随着国民经济的发展，饲料加工生产行业将拥有者更加广阔的前景！而锤片式饲料粉碎机因其占地面积小、粉碎效率高、耗电量小等优点，必将得到更广泛的普及应用。研究内容在合理分析的基础上选择合适的粉碎机类型。粉碎机的功耗很好，研究如何在保证粉碎效率和质量的基础上，提高度电产量。锤片的合理选择和设计也直接影响到粉碎的效率，锤片的厚度和形状的选择。在提高产量和质量的基础上筛片的孔的直接的大小的确定排料方式的确定和选择。拟采取的研究方法、技术路线、实验方案及可行性分析研究方法：一方面根据任务书搜集各类参考书，根据老师的要求，按步骤走，同时找到一些以前和这个课题相关的设计，借鉴参考，在吃透课本知识的同时根据课题需要扩展延伸，熟练运用CAD,UG画图软件，作为毕业设计的最基本的基础，对于机械设计机械制造基础课程要格外关注。不懂不了解的地方及时询问老师，同学，或者到网上查阅。技术路线：针对这个设计课题要熟悉各种机械加工工艺技术的具体概况，在加工时会用到各种机床，材料，以及材料本身的优劣的选择，熟悉它们，懂得它们的作用，能作出什么样的工件，适合怎么样的加工等等。了解这些，为此次设计作为技术基础。实验方案及可行性分析：首先仔细阅读任务书，认真分析设计出来的机器需要达到什么样的标准，在此基础上合理的选择合适的锤片，锤片在转子上的分布，筛片上孔径的大小等等，以达到在满足成品要求的基础上实现度电产量最大化这个目的。合理选择，以达到满足设计的要求。研究计划及预期成果第12周查找资料、文献综述、开题报告第34周确定锤片粉碎机的类型，并进行初步构思第55周拟定设计路线第69周锤片的选择，电机的选择以及筛片孔径大小的选择第1014周图纸的设计和完成第1515周论文初稿第1517周论文复稿，编制产品使用说明书第1818周毕业答辩预期成果：希望一切顺利，自己能顺利完成毕业设计！在保证粉碎质量的基础上实现节能高效。特色或创新之处适用于饲料加工业的优化设计，力求在不影响饲料质量的前提下最大限度的减少成本，并降低工人的劳动强度和生产成本。已具备的条件和尚需解决的问题针对实际机械加工过程中存在的工时定额问题，综合所学的机械理论设计、方法及工艺装备，提高机械零件加工的精度及工艺成本，进而提升学生开发和创新机械产品的能力。指导教师意见指导教师签名：年月日教研室（学科组、研究所）意见教研室主任签名：年月日系意见主管领导签名：年月日英文原文4 Sheet metal forming and blanking4.1 Principles of die manufacture4.1.1 Classification of diesIn metalforming,the geometry of the workpiece is established entirely or partially by the geometry of the die.In contrast to machining processes,ignificantly greater forces are necessary in forming.Due to the complexity of the parts,forming is often not carried out in a single operation.Depending on the geometry of the part,production is carried out in several operational steps via one or several production processes such as forming or blanking.One operation can also include several processes simultaneously(cf.Sect.2.1.4).During the design phase,the necessary manufacturing methods as well as the sequence and number of production steps are established in a processing plan(Fig.4.1.1).In this plan,the availability of machines,the planned production volumes of the part and other boundary conditions are taken into account.The aim is to minimize the number of dies to be used while keeping up a high level of operational reliability.The parts are greatly simplified right from their design stage by close collaboration between the Part Design and Production Departments in order to enable several forming and related blanking processes to be carried out in one forming station.Obviously,the more operations which are integrated into a single die,the more complex the structure of the die becomes.The consequences are higher costs,a decrease in output and a lower reliability.Fig.4.1.1 Production steps for the manufacture of an oil sumpTypes of dies The type of die and the closely related transportation of the part between dies is determined in accordance with the forming procedure,the size of the part in question and the production volume of parts to be produced.The production of large sheet metal parts is carried out almost exclusively using single sets of dies.Typical parts can be found in automotive manufacture,the domestic appliance industry and radiator production.Suitable transfer systems,for example vacuum suction systems,allow the installation of double-action dies in a sufficiently large mounting area.In this way,for example,the right and left doors of a car can be formed jointly in one working stroke(cf.Fig.4.4.34).Large size single dies are installed in large presses.The transportation of the parts from one forming station to another is carried out mechanically.In a press line with single presses installed one behind the other,feeders or robots can be used(cf.Fig.4.4.20 to 4.4.22),whilst in large-panel transfer presses,systems equipped with gripper rails(cf.Fig.4.4.29)or crossbar suction systems(cf.Fig.4.4.34)are used to transfer the parts. Transfer dies are used for the production of high volumes of smaller and medium size parts(Fig.4.1.2).They consist of several single dies,which are mounted on a common base plate.The sheet metal is fed through mostly in blank form and also transported individually from die to die.If this part transportation is automated,the press is called a transfer press.The largest transfer dies are used together with single dies in large-panel transfer presses(cf.Fig.4.4.32). In progressive dies,also known as progressive blanking dies,sheet metal parts are blanked in several stages;generally speaking no actual forming operation takes place.The sheet metal is fed from a coil or in the form of metal strips.Using an appropriate arrangement of the blanks within the available width of the sheet metal,an optimal material usage is ensured(cf.Fig.4.5.2 to 4.5.5). The workpiece remains fixed to the strip skeleton up until the laFig.4.1.2 Transfer die set for the production of an automatic transmission for an automotive application-st operation.The parts are transferred when the entire strip is shifted further in the work flow direction after the blanking operation.The length of the shift is equal to the center line spacing of the dies and it is also called the step width.Side shears,very precise feeding devices or pilot pins ensure feed-related part accuracy.In the final production operation,the finished part,i.e.the last part in the sequence,is disconnected from the skeleton.A field of application for progressive blanking tools is,for example,in the production of metal rotors or stator blanks for electric motors(cf.Fig.4.6.11 and 4.6.20). In progressive compound dies smaller formed parts are produced in several sequential operations.In contrast to progressive dies,not only blanking but also forming operations are performed.However, the workpiece also remains in the skeleton up to the last operation(Fig.4.1.3 and cf.Fig.4.7.2).Due to the height of the parts,the metal strip must be raised up,generally using lifting edges or similar lifting devices in order to allow the strip metal to be transported mechanically.Pressed metal parts which cannot be produced within a metal strip because of their geometrical dimensions are alternatively produced on transfer sets. Fig.4.1.3 Reinforcing part of a car produced in a strip by a compound die set Next to the dies already mentioned,a series of special dies are available for special individual applications.These dies are,as a rule,used separately.Special operations make it possible,however,for special dies to be integrated into an operational Sequence.Thus,for example,in flanging dies several metal parts can be joined together positively through the bending of certain metal sections(Fig.4.1.4and cf.Fig.2.1.34).During this operation reinforcing parts,glue or other components can be introduced. Other special dies locate special connecting elements directly into the press.Sorting and positioning elements,for example,bring stamping nuts synchronised with the press cycles into the correct position so that the punch heads can join them with the sheet metal part(Fig.4.1.5).If there is sufficient space available,forming and blanking operations can be carried out on the same die. Further examples include bending,collar-forming,stamping,fine blanking,wobble blanking and welding operations(cf.Fig.4.7.14 and4.7.15).Fig.4.1.4 A hemming die Fig.4.1.5 A pressed part with an integrated punched nut4.1.2 Die developmentTraditionally the business of die engineering has been influenced by the automotive industry.The following observations about the die development are mostly related to body panel die construction.Essential statements are,however,made in a fundamental context,so that they are applicable to all areas involved with the production of sheet-metal forming and blanking dies.Timing cycle for a mass produced car body panel Until the end of the 1980s some car models were still being produced for six to eight years more or less unchanged or in slightly modified form.Today,however,production time cycles are set for only five years or less(Fig.4.1.6).Following the new different model policy,the demands ondie makers have also changed fundamentally.Comprehensive contracts of much greater scope such as Simultaneous Engineering(SE)contracts are becoming increasingly common.As a result,the die maker is often involved at the initial development phase of the metal part as well as in the planning phase for the production process.Therefore,a much broader involvement is established well before the actual die development is initiated.Fig.4.1.6 Time schedule for a mass produced car body panelThe timetable of an SE project Within the context of the production process for car body panels,only a minimal amount of time is allocated to allow for the manufacture of the dies.With large scale dies there is a run-up period of about 10 months in which design and die try-out are included.In complex SE projects,which have to be completed in 1.5 to 2 years,parallel tasks must be carried out.Furthermore,additional resources must be provided before and after delivery of the dies.These short periods call for pre-cise planning,specific know-how,available capacity and the use of the latest technological and communications systems.The timetable shows the individual activities during the manufacturing of the dies for the production of the sheet metal parts(Fig.4.1.7).The time phases for large scale dies are more or less similar so that this timetable can be considered to be valid in general.Data record and part drawingThe data record and the part drawing serve as the basis for all subsequent processing steps.They describe all the details of the parts to be produced. The information given in the Fig.4.1.7 Timetable for an SE projectpart drawing includes: part identification,part numbering,sheet metal thickness,sheet metal quality,tolerances of the finished part etc.(cf.Fig.4.7.17). To avoid the production of physical models(master patterns),the CAD data should describe the geometry of the part completely by means of line,surface or volume models.As a general rule,high quality surface data with a completely filleted and closed surface geometry must be made available to all the participants in a project as early as possible.Process plan and draw developmentThe process plan,which means the operational sequence to be followed in the production of the sheet metal component,is developed from the data record of the finished part(cf.Fig.4.1.1).Already at this point in time,various boundary conditions must be taken into account:the sheet metal material,the press to be used,transfer of the parts into the press,the transportation of scrap materials,the undercuts as well as thesliding pin installations and their adjustment. The draw development,i.e.the computer aided design and layout of the blank holder area of the part in the first forming stageif need bealso the second stage,requires a process planner with considerable experience(Fig.4.1.8).In order to recognize and avoid problems in areas which are difficult to draw,it is necessary to manufacture a physical analysis model of the draw development.With this model,theforming conditions of the drawn part can be reviewed and final modifications introduced,which are eventually incorporated into the data record(Fig.4.1.9). This process is being replaced to some extent by intelligent simulation methods,through which the potential defects of the formed component can be predicted and analysed interactively on the computer display.Die designAfter release of the process plan and draw development and the press,the design of the die can be started.As a rule,at this stage,the standards and manufacturing specifications required by the client must be considered.Thus,it is possible to obtain a unified die design and to consider the particular requests of the customer related to warehousing of standard,replacement and wear parts.Many dies need to be designed so that they can be installed in different types of presses.Dies are frequently installed both in a production press as well as in two different separate back-up presses.In this context,the layout of the die clamping elements,pressure pins and scrap disposal channels on different presses must be taken into account.Furthermore,it must be noted that drawing dies working in a single-action press may be installed in a double-action press(cf.Sect.3.1.3 and Fig.4.1.16).Fig.4.1.8 CAD data record for a draw development In the design and sizing of the die,it is particularly important to consider the freedom of movement of the gripper rail and the crossbar transfer elements(cf.Sect.4.1.6).These describe the relative movements between the components of the press transfer system and the die components during a complete press working stroke.The lifting movement of the press slide,the opening and closing movements of the gripper rails and the lengthwise movement of the whole transfer are all superimposed.The dies are designed so that collisions are avoided and a minimum clearance of about 20 mm is set between all the moving parts.15中文译文4 金属板料的成形及冲裁4. 模具制造原理4.1.1模具的分类在金属成形的过程中，工件的几何形状完全或部分建立在模具几何形状的基础上的。与机械加工相比，在成形时明显更大的压力是必要的。由于零件的复杂性，往往不是只进行一次操作就能成形的。根据零件的几何形状，通过由一个或几个生产过程例如成形或冲裁的几个操作步骤进行生产。一个操作也可以同时完成几个过程。在设计阶段，合理的生产步骤、生产次序以及生产工序数都由生产计划来决定（如图4.1.1）。在这个计划中，应该对机器的可利用性、零件的计划生产量和其他限制条件予以考虑。其目的是在保证高水平的操作可靠性的同时最大限度地减少需要使用的模具数量。通过部件设计部和生产部之间的紧密合作促使几个成形和有关的冲裁过程能在一个成形操作中完成，如此一来，仅仅在设计阶段就可以大大地简化部件。显然，越是更多的操作集成到一个单独的模具上，模具结构就必然更为复杂。其后果是成本较高、产量下降和可靠性较低。图4.1.1 油底壳的生产步骤模具类型模具的类型和模具之间零部件的密切相关运输是根据成形步骤、预算的部件的尺寸、要生产的部件的生产量来确定的。大型钣金零件的生产几乎完全采用单套模具来实现的。典型零件可在汽车制造、国内家电业以及散热器的生产中找到。适当的转移系统，例如真空抽吸系统，可以使双动模安装在一个足够大的安装面上。例如，用这种方式可以使汽车左右车门在一个工作行程中一起成形。（参考图4.4.34）。尺寸大的单套模具需安装在大型压力机上。部件从一个成形点到另一个成形点的运输是机械化地执行的。工人或机器人可以使用与单工序压力机一前一后安装的冲压线(对比图4.4.20与 4.4.22)，同时，在大型多工位压力机上，系统还配备了夹钳轨（如图4.4.29）或交叉抽吸系统（如图4.4.34）来运输部件。多工位转换模是用于小型和中型零件的大批量生产（如图4.1.2）。它们由几个安装在同一个基准平面上的单工序模具组成。金属板料的送进主要以机械手运送的方式，也可以人工地从一个模具运到另一个模具。如果这部分的运输自动化，那么此时的压力就称为转换压力。在大板料转换冲压线上，最大的多工位转换模要与单工序模具配合使用（参考图4.4.32）。级进模，也称为渐进冲裁模，钣金件是分阶段冲裁的；一般来说，没有实实在在的成形操作。钣金是以金属圈或金属条的形式送进的。通过使用尺寸适宜的金属板料和优化的材料利用率可以达到对板料的合理利用（对比图Fig.4.5.2与图4.5.5）。工件一直固定在载体上，直到最后一次操作。冲裁完成后，整个条料按照工序流动方向移动时，该部件随着转移。移动的长度等于模具间中心线的距离，它也被称为步距。切边，通过使用非常精确的进给装置或试点引脚确保相关进给零件精度。在最后一个工位，即最后一道工序，已成形的部分于载体断开。例如电动机金属转子和定子的生产就是渐进冲裁模的一个应用领域（如图.4.6.11和4.6.20）。图4.1.2转移成套模具在机动装置中的自动变速器上生产应用较小的成形部件使用复合级进模通过几个连续的操作即可完成后生产。与级进模相比，不仅可以完成冲裁，而且能完成成形操作。然而，工件还是与载体相连一直到最后一步操作（如图4.1.3和对比图4.7.2）。由于零件的高度，钢带必须提高时，通常使用起重边缘或类似的起重设备，以便实现条料金属的机械化运输。由于其几何尺寸而不能用一个金属条料生产出来的冲压金属零件选择性地在转移设置上生产。图4.1.3 用一个条料在复合级进模上生产的汽车加强筋接下来时已经提到过的模具，一系列特殊模具适用于个别特殊运用。按规定，这些模具是单独使用的。但是，特殊的操作使得特殊的模具集成到一个工序上成为可能。因此，例如，使用翻边模几个金属部件组合在一起能积极通过某些区域的弯曲（如图4，1，4和对比图2，1，34）。在此期间加强部分，胶水或其他组件的运作可实施。其他的特殊模具使特殊的连接部件直接定位在压力机上。装配和定位部件，例如，引进与压力周期同步的冲头到指定的位置以便冲头与钣金零件（如图4.1.5）。如果有足够

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