unit5语言点.doc

Language points :1.Do youask forhelp when you think it necessary?ask for要求得到Every time he gets home, he asks for money.ask for sb.找某人，要求见某人A Mr. Simpson formSydneyis asking for the manager.2.Areyouwilling todo public service work without pay?be willing to愿意做某事willingadj.乐意的，自愿的Im willing to help you.Im quitewillingfor your brother to join us.3.Do you easilylose heartwhen you arein trouble?lose heart灰心，丧失信心Please dont lose heart; you still have more chances.lose ones heart爱上，喜欢上She lost her hearttohim as soon as she saw the handsome soldier.in trouble有麻烦，处于不幸中He never came except when he was in trouble.4.Hedied forhis ideas but his work was later used in the Bible.他为了自己的思想而献身，但他的成果后来应用于圣经。die for为而死They died for the people. Their death is weightier thanMountTaishan.I am dying for a cup of water.die for也意为“渴望，切望”（只用于进行时态）5.Hefought againstthe German Nazis and Japanese invaders during World War II.二战时期他抵抗德国纳粹和日本侵略者。fight (fought, fought)fight for为而战fight against与作斗争We will have to fight against difficulties.They told the workers to fight for their rights.6.Hefoundedthe first Republic inChinain 1911 after many years fighting.经过多年斗争他于1911在中国创建了第一个共和国。found (founded, founded)建立，创建find (found, found)The hospital was founded in 1920.Have you found your missing pen?7.He stronglybelieved inthe three principles: nationalism; peoples rights; peoples livelihood.他坚信三条原则：民族，民权，民生。believe in信任，信仰Do you believe in God?We believe in our government.believe sb. = believe what sb. says相信某人的话believe in sb.信任某人I believe what he said because I believe in him.8.Hegave upa rich life for his ideas andfought forhis country to befree fromtheUKin a peaceful way.他为了他的思想而放弃了富裕生活，并且用和平方式为他的国家摆脱英国而进行了战斗。give up表示主动放弃或屈服He has decided to give up smoking.give in表示被动屈服或认输，后面不带宾语You cant win the game, so you may as well give in.free from摆脱（不好的东西）的，无的Keep the children free from harm.You should try to write sentences free from mistakes.9. Hefought forthe black people and wasin prisonfor thirty years.他为黑人而战且坐过三十年监狱。be in prison在狱中，被监禁He has been in prison for five years.putin prison= sendto prison = throw into prison把投入监狱The car thieves have been put in prison.He was sent to prison for ten years10.The time whenI first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficultperiodof my life.period期间，时期，学校的一节课，周期Lets finish this period and have a break.a period of rotation自转周期the time when其中when引起定语从句This was a time when you had got to have a passbook to live inJohannesburg.Do you still remember the time when we first met?the time可用于引起时间状语从句，这时一般不加when。I recognized him the time I saw him.11.It was in 1952 and he had opened a black law firm toadvisepoor black people on their problems.1)advise ab. on sth.就给某人出主意I have advised you on that subject.2)advise sb. to do sth.建议某人干Our monitor advises me to practice more spoken English.3)advise that +(should) doI advise that you (should) not eat fruit that isnt ripe.12.Sadly I did not have this passbook because I was not born there and Iwas worried aboutwhether I wouldbe out of work.be worried about= worry about担心She worries about her health.= She is worried about her health.out of work失业Jim has been out of work for months.13.The last thirty years haveseenthe greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.过去三十年里出现了最多的法律来剥夺我们的权利,阻挡我们的进步,直到今天我们已经到了几乎没有任何权力的地步.see在此句意为“见证，目睹”；(在某段时期)发生(某情况),经历,经受;为某事发生之时，主语为时间The last few months have seen more and more traffic accidents.The city has seen many changes.14.onlythen did we decide to answer violence with violence.只是在那时我们才决定以暴力对暴力。only then此处引起倒装句，当only修饰状语位于句首时，句子采用部分倒装的结构。Only by practicing a few hours every day will you be able to master English.only修饰主语时，句子不倒装。Only he knew how to solve the problem.15.As a matter of fact, I do not like violencebut in 1936 I helped him blow up some government buildings.事实上我不喜欢暴力但在1963年我帮他炸了一些政府大楼.as a matter of fact= in factAs a matter of fact, I dont know the truth.16.But I was happy to help because I knew it was to realize our dream of making black and white peopleequal.beequal to等于，相当于Im not equal to the position.Women demand equal pay for equal work.17.You cannotimaginehow the sound of the name ofRobbenIslandmade us afraid.你想象不到听到罗本岛这个名字令我们多么害怕。imagine n./doing sth./sb.+doing/thatCan you imagine life without electricity?I didnt imaginebecoming a writer in my childhood.I cant imagine her marrying him.Imagine that you are a bird.18.He taught us during the lunch breaks and the evening when weshould have been asleep.在午餐的休息时间和晚上我们本应该睡觉的时候他教授我们。should do & should have doneHe should have come earlier.You should come earlier tomorrow.You should have written to your mother.My teacher said I should study harder.I should have studied harder when I was young.should do表示应该做，一般指现在或将来的动作，指过去的动作时应站在过去的角度。should have done表示本应该做而没有做的。站在现在的角度上评说过去的事情。19.asleep, sleep & sleepy-Is he still sleeping?-Yes, he is fastasleep.I was too sleepy to hear the end of her talk.I usually sleep seven hours a day.asleep是表语形容词，意为“睡着的”。sleep是动词或名词，意为“睡觉”。sleepy是形容词，意为“打盹的”。20.As they were not cleverer than me, butdid passtheir exam, I knew I could get a degree too.由于他们不如我聪明而又确实通过了考试，我知道我也能获得学位。did pass为强调结构，强调谓语动词时，在动词原行前加do, does, did.Do be careful!I do hope you have a merry Christmas!He does speak English well!21.I did not work for twenty years until Mr. Mandela and the ANCcame to powerin 1993.come to power= come into power执政in power当权，执政Things have changed a lot since he came to power.How long has he been in power?22.All theterrorandfearof that time came back to me.terrorn.恐怖，可怕的人或事The murder was a terror to the people in the town.fearn.恐惧，可怕vt.恐惧，害怕+ n./to do /thatDo you fear death?She fears to speak in our presence.I fear that we cant protect ourselves.for fear of & for fear that担心He left an hour earlier for fear of missing the train.She worried for fear that the child would be hurt23.I remembered thebeatingsand the cruelty of the guards and my friends who had died and I felt I would not be able to do it.beatingn.打、输They gave him a good beating.They gave our team quite a beating.beatn.敲击，跳动We heard the beat of a drum.Can you hear the beat of my heart?24.They said that the job and the pay from the new South African government was myrewardafter working all my life for equal rights for the Blacks.rewardn.报酬，奖金He worked hard but without much reward.in reward作为报酬She got nothing in reward for her kindness.vt.酬谢，给以报答He rewarded me with a prize.1period（n）1）length or portion of time一段时间；时期。There were long periods when we had no news of him好长一段时间我们都没有他的消息。Tomorrows weather will be cloudy with sunny periods明天阴天间晴。His son is going through a difficult period now他的儿子正处于困难时期。2）（time allowed for a）lesson in school课时；一节课。three periods of chemistry a week一个星期三节化学课。2adviseadvise sb.to do sth.劝告/建议某人做某事advise sb not to do sth= advise sb. against doing sth劝告/建议某人不要做某事1) They advised her not to act in haste. = They advised her against acting in haste。他们劝她不要匆忙行事。2) He will advise you what to do他会建议你（们）怎么办。3)可以说advise doing,但不可以说advise to do，如：She advised holding an English party at the weekend.（正）She advised to hold an English party at the weekend.（误）4) advise后可以引导一个宾语从句，从句的谓语动词用虚拟语气，即，should+动词原形，should可以省略。如：I advised that he (should) come at once.5) advise sb. of sth把某事通知某人，如：We advised them of the arrival of goods6) advise with sb on/about sth.与某人商量某事，如：She advised with me on the travel toEurope.3see（v.）see除了用来表示“看见”以外，还可表示“遇见”、“会晤”、“理解”、“发觉”、“经历”等意义。在本句中，它的意思是to be the time when（an event）happens。witness为（某事）发生之时；目睹。This year sees the hundredth anniversary of the composers death今年是那位作曲家逝世一百4position1.表示“位置，姿势，职位，立场”时，是可数名词，前常加介词“in”如：1). The house has a good position.2). He is lying in a very uncomfortable position.3). My sister has got a position as a nurse.4). Both sides made their positions clear.2.表示“地位”时，是不可数名词，有时可加不定冠词，如：She is a woman of high position3. in a position to do sth.处于能够做某事的地位，如：Im sorry, I am not in a position to help you now.4. in/ out of position在/（不在）适当的位置，如：This chair is out of position. Put it back in position.5. Take up the position that主张如：He took up the position that the meeting should be postponed until /to next week.6. accept1.表示“接受，同意”后面可接名词，代词或that引导的宾语从句，如：1) Did you accept the invitation?2) It is generally accepted that smoking causes bad health2.区别accept和receiveaccept指乐意接受或考虑后同意接受，强调其主观意愿。如：1) We must accept the criticism.2) I accepted this plan in principlereceive表示“接到，收到”，指“接，收”这一动作或事实。1).He received several baskets full of cards, letters and telegrams of congratulations.2).He received the present, but he didnt accepted it.accept后不可接不定式。1). She accepted to go with me.（误）2). She agreed to go with me.（正）7. reward.1)作动词，表示“报酬，酬金，报答，奖赏”，接介词for表示“缘故”，接介词with表示“奖赏的东西”。如：1) I rewarded you for your help.2) She rewarded him with a smile.2.作名词，表示“报酬，奖赏，报答，酬谢”如：1) She was given a reward for passing the examination.2) She worked hard all