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数控铣床回转工作台设计【7张CAD图纸+毕业论文】【答辩通过】

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关键词：: 全套设计数控铣床回转工作台

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摘要

数控车床今后将向中高挡发展，中档采用普及型数控刀架配套，高档采用动力型刀架，兼有液压刀架、伺服刀架、立式刀架等品种，预计近年来对数控刀架需求量将大大增加。但是数控回转工作台更有发展前途,它是一种可以实现圆周进给和分度运动的工作台，它常被使用于卧式的镗床和加工中心上，可提高加工效率，完成更多的工艺，它主要由原动力、齿轮传动、蜗杆传动、工作台等部分组成，并可进行间隙消除和蜗轮加紧，是一种很实用的加工工具。本课题主要介绍了它的原理和机械结构的设计，并对以上部分运用AUTOCAD做图,最后是对数控回转工作台提出的一点建议。

关键词：数控回转工作台齿轮传动蜗杆传动间隙消除蜗轮加紧

Abstract

Numerical control there is in the future lathe to in will develop, the middle-grade to adopt popular numerical control knife rest form a complete set, adopt the motive force type knife rest top-grandly, have such varieties as knife rest of hydraulic pressure, servo knife rest, vertical knife rest, etc. concurrently, it is estimated that it will increase to numerical control knife rest demand greatly in recent years. The development trend of the Numerical control rotary table is: With the development of numerical control lathe, numerical control knife rest begin to change one hundred sheets , electric liquid is it urge and urge direction develop while being servo to make up fast. Some originally design and is it continue electricity to use to four worker location vertical electronic machinery of knife rest mainly- exposed to control system control some designs. And use AUTOCAD to pursue to the above part, have a more ocular knowledge of electronic knife rest. The last proposition has put forward the suggestion and measure to Numerical control rotary table.

Keywords： Numerical control rotary table； Gear drive；Worm drive；Gap elimination； The worm gear steps up.

摘要I

AbstractII

绪论1

第一章：数控回转工作台的原理与应用2

1.1 数控回转工作的原理2

1.2 设计准则4

1.3 主要技术参数4

1.4 本章小结4

第二章：数控回转工作台的结构设计5

2.1 传动方案的确定5

2.2 齿轮传动的设计7

2.3 电液脉冲马达的选择及运动参数的计算9

2.4 蜗轮及蜗杆的选用与校核11

2.5 蜗杆与蜗轮的主要参数与几何尺寸13

2.6 轴的校核与计算15

2.7 弯矩组合图16

2.8 齿轮上键的选择及校核17

2.9 轴承的选用17

2.10 本章小结19

第三章数控技术发展趋势20

3.1 性能发展方向20

3.2 功能发展方向20

3.3 体系结构的发展21

3.4 智能化新一代PCNC数控系统22

第四章总结23

致谢24

参考文献25

绪论

毕业设计主要是培养学生综合应用所学专业的基础理论、基本技能和专业知识的能力，培养学生建立正确的设计思想，掌握工程设计的一般程序、规范和方法。而高职类学生更应侧重于从生产的第一线获得生产实际知识和技能，获得工程技术经用性岗位的基本训练，通过毕业设计，可树立正确的生产观点、经济观点和全局观点，实现由学生向工程技术人员的过渡。

使学生进一步巩固和加深对所学的知识，使之系统化、综合化。

培养学生独立工作、独立思考和综合运用所学知识的技能，提高解决本专业范围内的一般工程技术问题的能力，从而扩大、深化所学的专业知识和技能。

培养学生的设计计算、工程绘图、实验研究、数据处理、查阅文献、外文资料的阅读与翻译、计算机应用、文字表达等基本工作实践能力，使学生初步掌握科学研究的基本方法和思路。

使学生学会初步掌握解决工程技术问题的正确指导思想、方法手段，树立做事严谨、严肃认真、一丝不苟、实事求是、刻苦钻研、勇于探索、具有创新意识和团结协作的工作作风。

本次毕业设计主要是解决数控回转工作台的工作原理和机械机构的设计与计算部分，设计思路是先原理后结构，先整体后局部。

目前数控回转工作台已广泛应用于数控机床和加工中心上，它的总的发展趋势是：

在规格上将向两头延伸，即开发小型和大型转台；在性能上将研制以钢为材料的蜗轮，大幅度提高工作台转速和转台的承载能力；在形式上继续研制两轴联动和多轴并联回转的数控转台。

数控转台的市场分析：随着我国制造业的发展，加工中心将会越来越多地被要求配备第四轴或第五轴，以扩大加工范围。估计近几年要求配备数控转台的加工中心将会达到每年600台左右。预计未来5年，虽然某些行业由于产能过剩、受到宏观调控的影响而继续保持着较低的行业景气度外，部分装备制造业将有望保持较高的增长率，特别是那些国家产业政策鼓励振兴和发展的装备子行业。作为装备制造业的母机，普通加工机床将获得年均15％－20％左右的稳定增长。

第一章数控回转工作台的原理与应用

数控机床的圆周进给由回转工作台完成，称为数控机床的第四轴：回转工作台可以与X、Y、Z三个坐标轴联动，从而加工出各种球、圆弧曲线等。回转工作台可以实现精确的自动分度，扩大了数控机床加工范围。

1.1 数控回转工作台

数控回转工作台主要用于数控镗床和铣床，其外形和通用工作台几乎一样，但它的驱动是伺服系统的驱动方式。它可以与其他伺服进给轴联动。

图8-24为自动换刀数控镗床的回转工作台。它的进给、分度转位和定位锁紧都是由给定的指令进行控制的。

图 8-24 自动换刀数控镗床的回转工作台

1一蜗杆 2一蜗轮 3、4一夹紧瓦 5一小液压缸 6一活塞 7一弹簧

8一钢球 9一支座 10一光栅 11、12一轴承

为了消除蜗杆副的传动间隙，采用了双螺距渐厚蜗杆，通过移动蜗杆的轴向位置宋调整间隙。这种蜗杆的左右两侧面具有不同的螺距，因此蜗杆齿厚从头到尾逐渐增厚。但由于同一侧的螺距是相同的，所以仍然可以保持正常的啮合。

当工作台静止时，必须处于锁紧状态。为此，在蜗轮底部的辐射方向装有8对夹紧瓦4和3，并在底座9上均布同样数量的小液压缸5。当小液压缸的上腔接通压力油时，活塞6便压向钢球8，撑开夹紧瓦，并夹紧蜗轮2。在工作台需要回转时，先使小液压缸的上腔接通回油路，在弹簧7的作用下，钢球8抬起，夹紧瓦将蜗轮松开。

回转工作台的导轨面由大型滚动轴承支承，并由圆锥滚柱轴承12及双列向心圆柱滚子轴承11保持准确的回转中心。数控回转工作台的定位精度主要取决于蜗杆副的传动精度，因而必须采用高精度蜗杆副。在半闭环控制系统中，可以在实际测量工作台静态定位误差之后，确定需要补偿角度的位置和补偿的值，记忆在补偿回路中，由数控装置进行误差补偿。在全闭环控制系统中，由高精度的圆光栅10发出工作台精确到位信号，反馈给数控装置进行控制。

回转工作台设有零点，当它作回零运动时，先用挡铁压下限位开关，使工作台降速，然后由圆光栅或编码器发出零位信号，使工作台准确地停在零位。数控回转工作台可以作任意角度的回转和分度，也可以作连续回转进给运动。

1.2 设计准则

我们的设计过程中，本着以下几条设计准则

1）创造性的利用所需要的物理性能

2）分析原理和性能

3）判别功能载荷及其意义

4）预测意外载荷

5）创造有利的载荷条件

6）提高合理的应力分布和刚度

7）重量要适宜

8）应用基本公式求相称尺寸和最佳尺寸

9）根据性能组合选择材料

10）零件与整体零件之间精度的进行选择

11）功能设计应适应制造工艺和降低成本的要求

1.3 主要技术参数

（1）回转半径：500 mm

（2）重复定位精度：0.005 mm

（3）电液脉冲马达功率0.75kw

（4）电液脉冲马达转速3000 rpm

（5）总传动比：72.5

（6）最大承载重量100㎏

1.4 本章小结

主要简单介绍毕业设计题目（数控回转工作台）和其发展概况，设计背景、工作原理、设计参数也作了进一步的说明。

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内容简介：: 附一：毕业设计（论文）档案袋内组成部分一、毕业设计（论文）册内容与装订顺序：l 封面；论文题目不得超过20个字，要简练、准确，可分为两行。l 内容1、毕业设计（论文）任务书；任务书由指导教师填写，经所在系部审查签字后生效。2、毕业设计（论文）开题报告；3、毕业设计（论文）学生申请答辩表与指导教师毕业设计（论文）评审表；4、毕业设计（论文）评阅人评审表；5、毕业设计（论文）答辩表；6、毕业设计（论文）答辩记录表；7、毕业设计（论文）成绩评定总表；8、论文：(1)中文题目与作者；(2)英文题目与作者；(3)中文内容摘要和关键词；(4)英文内容摘要和关键词；(5)目录；(6)正文；(7)致谢；(8)参考文献及引用资料目录；(9)附录；(10)实验数据表、有关图纸(大于3#图幅时单独装订)；l 封底。二、英文资料翻译册内容与装订顺序：l 封面；l 内容 1、英文原文； 2、中文翻译； 3、阅读书目；l 封底。1毕业设计（论文）任务书系部机电工程系指导教师李兆铨职称高工学生姓名付勇专业班级05gb机制1学号0515011114设计题目数控回转工作台设计内容目标和要求数控回转工作台是数控机床的主要附件之一，主要用于数控铣床，数控镗床等。其外形和普通回转工作台相似，但其内部结构具有数控进给驱动系统的许多特点，它的功能是使工作台实现圆周进给，并能进行分度。分析数控转台的结构特点，设计一个开环系统的回转工作台，它的传动系统应有消除间隙结构及蜗轮夹紧装置等。 . 一.设计内容 1.测绘一个在数控铣床（或加工中心）上用数控转台加工的典型零件，绘制零件工作图，工序图。 2.进行数控转台方案分析，台面直径为400mm。绘制数控转台总装配图。 3.设计该转台的主要零部件，如壳体，转台，蜗轮。蜗杆，夹紧装置等，画出4张以上零件的工作图。 4.撰写设计说明书。二.设计要求 1.设计必须独立完成，要有创造性，不要照抄照搬实习现场的工艺，工装，设备等。 2.设计绘图工作总量一般不少于2.5A0，其中用计算机绘图不少于一张A1，但是不超过总绘图量的一半。 3.说明书的内容应是围绕本人的设计的内容进行分析，计算和验证，对本回转工作台传动装置的消隙结构应有比较清楚的论述。不要抄书。说明书内容一般不少于25页。 4.其它有关事项按院，系有关规定执行。三.参考资料 1.吉林工大等主编金属切削机床设计机械工业出版社 2.金属切削机床设计手册机械工业出版社 3.大连组合机床所编组合机床设计手册机械工业出版社 4.上海纺织工学院等主编金属切削机床图册上海科技出版社指导教师签名：年月日系部审核此表由指导教师填写由所在系部审核2-1毕业设计（论文）学生开题报告课题名称数控回转工作台课题来源生产实践课题类型AY指导教师李兆铨学生姓名付勇学号0515011114专业班级05gb机制1本课题的研究现状，研究目的及意义数控回转工作台是数控机床的主要附件之一，主要用于数控铣床，数控镗床等。其外形和普通回转工作台相似，但其内部结构具有数控进给驱动系统的许多特点，它的功能是使工作台实现圆周进给，并能进行分度。分析数控转台的结构特点，设计一个开环系统的回转工作台，它的传动系统应有消除间隙结构及蜗轮夹紧装置等。课题类型：（1）A工程实践型；B理论研究型；C科研装置研制型；D计算机软件型；E综合应用型（2）X真实课题；Y模拟课题；（1）、（2）均要填，如AY、BX等。2-2本课题研究的内容1.测绘一个在数控铣床（或加工中心）上用数控转台加工的典型零件，绘制零件工。作图，工序图2.进行数控转台方案分析，台面直径为400mm。绘制数控转台总装配图。3.设计该转台的主要零部件，如壳体，转台，蜗轮。蜗杆，夹紧装置等，画出4张以上零件的工作图。4.撰写设计说明书。本课题的实施方案,进度安排查阅资料了解回转工作台工作原理联系实际了解定位及夹紧机构、分度机构的组成、工作原理及特点进行多种设计方案的比较完成回转工作台的总体设计3.16-3.20发任务书,收集资料,写开题报告.3.23-3.27完成开题报告3.30-4.17制定设计方案4.20-5.15绘制设计图纸5.18-5.24撰写设计说明书6.1-6.5 答辩及整理文稿2-3已查阅的主要参考文献1、全国数控培训网络天津分中心编.数控机床M.北京：机械工业出版社,19972、.全国数控培训网络天津分中心编.数控编程M.北京：机械工业出版社,19973、.戴曙等.金属切削机床M.北京：机械工业出版社,19954、金属切削机床设计M 机械工业出版社5、金属切削机床设计手册M 机械工业出版社6、大连组合机床所编组合机床设计手册M 机械工业出版社7、上海纺织工学院等主编金属切削机床图册M 上海科技出版社指导教师意见指导教师签名：年月日3毕业设计（论文）学生申请答辩表课题名称数控回转工作台指导教师（职称）李兆铨申请理由检验自己的成果学生所在系部机电工程系专业班级05gb机制1学号0515011114 学生签名：日期：毕业设计（论文）指导教师评审表序号评分项目（理工科、管理类）评分项目(文科)满分评分1工作量外文翻译152文献阅读与外文翻译文献阅读与文献综述103技术水平与实际能力创新能力与学术水平254研究成果基础理论与专业知识论证能力255文字表达文字表达106学习态度与规范要求学习态度与规范要求15总分100评语（是否同意参加答辩）指导教师签名：另附毕业设计（论文）指导记录册年月日4毕业设计（论文）评阅人评审表学生姓名付勇专业班级05gb机制1学号0515011114设计（论文）题目数控回转工作台评阅人李兆铨评阅人职称高工序号评分项目（理工科、管理类）评分项目(文科)满分评分1工作量外文翻译152文献阅读与外文翻译文献阅读与文献综述103技术水平与实际能力创新能力与学术水平254研究成果基础理论与专业知识论证能力255文字表达文字表达106学习态度与规范要求学习态度与规范要求15总分100评语评阅人签名：年月日5毕业设计（论文）答辩表学生姓名付勇专业班级05gb机制1学号0515011114设计（论文）题目数控回转工作台序号评审项目指标满分评分1报告内容思路清新；语言表达准确，概念清楚，论点正确；实验方法科学，分析归纳合理；结论有应用价值。402报告过程准备工作充分,时间符合要求。103创新对前人工作有改进或突破，或有独特见解。104答辩回答问题有理论依据，基本概念清楚。主要问题回答准确，深入。40总分100答辩组评语答辩组组长（签字）：年月日答辩委员会意见答辩委员会负责人（签字）：年月日6-1毕业设计（论文）答辩记录表学生姓名付勇专业班级05gb机制1学号0515011114设计（论文）题目数控回转工作台答辩时间2009-6-8答辩地点答辩委员会名单朱森酉李兆铨王海涛蒋小盼问题1提问人：问题：回答（要点）：问题2提问人：问题：回答（要点）：问题3提问人：问题：回答（要点）：记录人签名（不足加附页）6-2问题4提问人：问题：回答（要点）：问题5提问人：问题：回答（要点）：问题6提问人：问题：回答（要点）：问题7提问人：问题：回答（要点）：问题8提问人：问题：回答（要点）：记录人签名7毕业设计（论文）成绩评定总表学生姓名：付勇专业班级： 05机制(1) 毕业设计（论文）题目：数控回转工作台成绩类别成绩评定指导教师评定成绩评阅人评定成绩答辩组评定成绩总评成绩40%+20%+40%评定等级注：成绩评定由指导教师、评阅教师和答辩组分别给分(以百分记)，最后按“优(90-100)”、“良(80-89)”、“中(70-79)”、“及格(60-69)”、“不及格(60以下)”评定等级。其中，指导教师评定成绩占40%，评阅人评定成绩占20%，答辩组评定成绩占40%。摘要数控车床今后将向中高挡发展，中档采用普及型数控刀架配套，高档采用动力型刀架，兼有液压刀架、伺服刀架、立式刀架等品种，预计近年来对数控刀架需求量将大大增加。但是数控回转工作台更有发展前途,它是一种可以实现圆周进给和分度运动的工作台，它常被使用于卧式的镗床和加工中心上，可提高加工效率，完成更多的工艺，它主要由原动力、齿轮传动、蜗杆传动、工作台等部分组成，并可进行间隙消除和蜗轮加紧，是一种很实用的加工工具。本课题主要介绍了它的原理和机械结构的设计，并对以上部分运用AUTOCAD做图,最后是对数控回转工作台提出的一点建议。关键词：数控回转工作台齿轮传动蜗杆传动间隙消除蜗轮加紧AbstractNumerical control there is in the future lathe to in will develop, the middle-grade to adopt popular numerical control knife rest form a complete set, adopt the motive force type knife rest top-grandly, have such varieties as knife rest of hydraulic pressure, servo knife rest, vertical knife rest, etc. concurrently, it is estimated that it will increase to numerical control knife rest demand greatly in recent years. The development trend of the Numerical control rotary table is: With the development of numerical control lathe, numerical control knife rest begin to change one hundred sheets , electric liquid is it urge and urge direction develop while being servo to make up fast. Some originally design and is it continue electricity to use to four worker location vertical electronic machinery of knife rest mainly- exposed to control system control some designs. And use AUTOCAD to pursue to the above part, have a more ocular knowledge of electronic knife rest. The last proposition has put forward the suggestion and measure to Numerical control rotary table.Keywords： Numerical control rotary table； Gear drive；Worm drive；Gap elimination； The worm gear steps up.目录摘要IAbstractII绪论1第一章：数控回转工作台的原理与应用21.1 数控回转工作的原理21.2 设计准则41.3 主要技术参数41.4 本章小结4第二章：数控回转工作台的结构设计52.1 传动方案的确定52.2 齿轮传动的设计72.3 电液脉冲马达的选择及运动参数的计算92.4 蜗轮及蜗杆的选用与校核112.5 蜗杆与蜗轮的主要参数与几何尺寸132.6 轴的校核与计算152.7 弯矩组合图162.8 齿轮上键的选择及校核172.9 轴承的选用172.10 本章小结19第三章数控技术发展趋势203.1 性能发展方向203.2 功能发展方向203.3 体系结构的发展213.4 智能化新一代PCNC数控系统22第四章总结23致谢24参考文献25The development trend of the numerical control technologySummary : Have introduced numerical control technology and the development trend of the equipment and the current situations of the technical development of numerical control equipment and industrialization of our country of our times briefly , have discussed under the new environment further deepened in our countrys accession to the WTO and opening to the outside world on this basis, develop technology of numerical control of our country and the importance of the information-based level of manufacturing industry of our country and international competitiveness equips , improves, and has put forward technology of numerical control of our country and some views equipped of developing from two aspects of strategy and tactics.The engineering level of equipment industry and modernized intensity are determining the level of the whole national economy and modernized intensity , numerical control technology and equip , develop new developing new high-tech industry and most advanced industry To can make technology and basic equipment most (national defense industry industries , such as information technology and their industry , biotechnology , industry , aviation , spaceflight ,etc. ). Marx has ever said the differences of different economic times, do not lie in what is produced , lie in how produce , with what means of labor produce . Manufacturing technology and equipping the most basic means of production that are that the mankind produced the activity, and numerical control technology to equip most central technology. Nowadays the manufacturing industry all around the world adopts the technology of numerical control extensively, in order to improve manufacturing capacity and level, improve the adaptive capacity and competitive power to the changeable market of the trends . In addition every industrially developed country in the world also classifies the technology and numerical control equipment of numerical control as the strategic materials of the country, not merely take the great measure to develop ones own numerical control technology and industry, and implement blockading and restrictive policy to our country in high-grade , precision and advanced key technology and equipment of numerical control. In a word, develop taking technology of numerical control as the core advanced manufacturing technology become world all developed country , accelerate economic development already in a more cost-effective manner, important route to improve the comprehensive national strength and national position.Numerical control technology to go on technology that control with digital information to mechanical movement and working course, numerical control equipment whether represented by technology of numerical control new technology make industry and new developing infiltration electromechanics integrated product that form of manufacturing industry to tradition, i.e. what is called digitization equip, its technological range covers a lot of fields: (1)Mechanical manufacturing technology; (2)Information processing , processing , transmission technology; (3)Automatic control technology; (4)Servo drive technology; (5)Transducer technology; (6)Software engineering ,etc.1 Development trend of a numerical control technologyThe application of the technology of numerical control has not only brought the revolutionary change to traditional manufacturing industry, make the manufacturing industry become the industrialized symbol , and with the constant development of the technology of numerical control and enlargement of application, the development of he some important trades (IT , car , light industry , medical treatment ,etc. ) to the national economy and the peoples livelihood plays a more and more important role, because these trade necessary digitization that equipped has already been the main trend of modern development. According to the technology of numerical control and equipment development trend in the world at present, its main research focus has the following several respect 14.1.1 A high-speed , high finish machining technology and new trend equippedEfficiency , quality are subjects of the advanced manufacturing technology. At a high speed, high finish machining technology can raise the efficiency greatly, quality and grade to raise product, shorten production cycle and improve the competitive power of market. Japan carry technological research association classify their as one of the 5 loud modern manufacturing technologies first for this reason, learn (CIRP ) to confirm it as the centre in the 21st century to study one of the directions in international production engineering. In the field of car industry, produce 40 second when beat such as production of 300,000 / vehicle per year, and many variety process it is car that equip one of the key problems that must be solved; In the fields of aviation and aerospace industry, its processings spare parts are mostly the thin wall and thin muscle, rigidity very bad, material aluminium or aluminium alloy, in high to cut pace and cut strength very under the little situation only, could process these muscles , walls . Adopt large-scale whole aluminium alloy blank method of pay empty make the wing recently, large-scale parts such as the fuselage ,etc. come to substitute a lot of parts to assemble through numerous rivet , screw and other connection ways, make the intensity , rigidity and dependability of the component improved. All these requirement for processing and equipping and proposing high-speed , high and precise and high flexibility.According to EMO2001 exhibition situation, the high-speed machining center enters for the pace to can reach 80m/min , even high, air transport competent pace can reach 100m/min about. A lot of car factories in the world at present, including Shanghai General Motors Corporation of our country, adopt , substitute and make the lathe up with high-speed machining center production line part that make up already. HyperMach lathe of Company , CINCINNATI of U.S.A. , enter , give pace to be most loud to reach 60m/min, it is 100m/min to be fast, acceleration reach 2g, the rotational speed of the main shaft has already reached 60 000r/min. Processing a thin wall of plane parts, spend 30min only, and same part general at a high speed milling machine process and take 3h, process and need 8h with ordinary milling machine; The paces and acceleration of main shaft of dual main shaft lathes of Germany DMG Company reach 12* separately! 000r/mm and 1g. In machining accuracy, in the past 10 years, ordinary progression has accused of the machining accuracy of the lathe to already improve from 10m to 5m, accurate grades of machining center from 3- 5m, raise to 1- 1.5m, and ultraprecision machining accuracy begin , enter getting nanometer already.In machining accuracy, the past 10 years, ordinary progression accuse of machining accuracy of lathe raise to 5m , from 3- 5m accurate grades of machining center from 10m already, improve to 1- 1.5m, and the ultraprecision machining accuracy has already begun to enter nanometer (0.01m )ly. In dependability, MTBF value of the foreign numerical control device has already reached above 6 000h, MTBF value of the servo system reaches above 30000h, demonstrate very high dependability . For realize at a high speed , high finish machining, related to it function part if electric main shaft , straight line electrical machinery get fast development, the application is further expanded .1.2 5 axles link and process and compound and process the lathe to develop fastAdopt 5 axle link , to three-dimensional curved surface processing of part , can cut with the best geometirc form of the cutter, not only highly polished, but also efficiency is improved by a large margin . It is generally acknowledged , a 5 axle gear beds of efficiency can equal 2 3 axle gear beds , use cubic nitrogen boron wait ultra hard material milling cutter go on at a high speed milling , sharpening , quenching hard steel at the part, 5 axle link , process constant 3 axle link , process , give play to high benefit. But go over because 5 axles link the numerical control system , complicated reason of host computer structure, price its link numerical control to be lathe several times higher than 3 axle, in addition programming technological difficulty relatively heavy , have restricted 5 axle gear beds of development. At present because of electric appearance of main shaft, make , realize 5 axle compound main shaft hair structure processed to link greatly simplify, it make difficulty and cost reduce by a large margin , numerical control price disparity of systems shrink. So promote compound main shaft head type 5 axle gear bed and compound development to process lathe (process the lathe including 5 ).At EMO2001 exhibition, new Japanese 5 of worker machine process lathe adopt compound main shaft hair, can realize 4 processing and arbitrary processing of angle of vertical plane, make 5 process and 5 axles are processed and can be realized at the same lathe, can also realize the inclined plane and pour the processing of the hole of awls . Company , DMG of Germany , exhibit DMUVoution series machining center , can put , insert , down 5 process and 5 axes link and process in one, can be controlled by CNC system or CAD/CAM controls directly or indirectly.1.3 intellectualizations, open style, the network turns into for the contemporary numerical control system development mainly hastensThe 21st century numerical control equipments will be has certain intellectualized the system, the intellectualized content including in numerical control system each aspect: In order to pursue the processing efficiency and the processing quality aspect intellectualization, like processing process adaptive control, craft parameter automatic production; In order to enhance the actuation performance and the use connection convenient intellectualization, like the feed-forward control, the electrical machinery parameter auto-adapted operation, the automatic diagnosis load automatic designation model, is automatic entire grades; Simplification programming, simplification operation aspect intellectualization, like intellectualized automatic programming, intellectualized man-machine contact surface and so on; Also has the intelligence to diagnose, the intelligent monitoring aspect content, the convenience system diagnosis and the service and so onIn order to solve the traditional numerical control system seal and the numerical control application software industry production existence question. At present many countries conduct the research to the open style numerical control system, like USS NGC (The Next Generation Work-Station/Machine Control), European Economic Communitys OSACA (Open System Architecture for Control within Automation Systems), Japans OSEC (Open System Environment for Controller), Chinas ONC (Open Numerical Control System) and so on. The numerical control system will open already becomes the numerical control system road of the future. The so-called open style numerical control system is the numerical control system development may in the unified movement platform, face the engine bed factory and the end-user, through the change, the increase or the tailor structure object (numerical control function), forms the seriation, and may conveniently integrates users special application and the technical knack in the control system, the fast realization different variety, the different scale open style numerical control system, forms has the bright individuality famous brand goods. At present the open style numerical control system system structure standard, the correspondence standard, the disposition standard, the movement platform, the numerical control system function storehouse as well as the numerical control system function software development kit and so on is the current research coreThe network numerical control equipment is a nearly two year international famous engine beds expositions new luminescent spot. The numerical control equipment network enormously will satisfy the production line, the manufacture system, the manufacture enterprise to the information integration demand, also will be realizes new manufacture pattern like agile manufacture, hypothesized enterprise, the global manufacture foundation unit. The domestic and foreign some famous numerical controls engine bed and the numerical control system manufacture company has all promoted the related new concept and the prototype in the nearly two years, if unfolds in EMO2001, Japanese Shan Qima Mazak the company displays CyberProduction Center (intelligence production control center, is called CPC); Japan is Okuma the engine bed company to display IT plaza (information technology square, is called the IT square); German Simens (Siemens) the company displays Open Manufacturing Environment (opening manufacture environment, is called OME) and so on, had reflected the numerical control engine bed processing the tendency which develops to the network direction1.4 takes the new technical standard, the standard establishment1.4.1 about numerical control system design development gaugeAs noted previously, there are better commonability , flexibility , adaptability , expanding in the open numerical control system, countries such as U.S.A. , European Community and Japan ,etc. implement the strategic development plan one after another , carry on research and formulation of the systematic norm of structural numerical control of the open system (OMAC , OSACA , OSEC ), 3 of world heavy economy carry on the same science plan and standardize formulation nearly in a short time most, have indicated a new arrival of period of change of the technology of numerical control. Our country started research and formulation which standardized the frame of ONC numerical control system of China too in 2000.1.4.2 About the numerical control standardThe numerical control standard is a kind of trend of information-based development of manufacturing industry. Numerical control technology information exchange of 50 year born , to based on ISO6983 standard, adopt G , M code describes how processes, its essential characteristic faces the processing course, obviously, he cant meet demands of high-speed development of the technology of modern numerical control more and more already. For this reason, studying and making a kind of new CNC system standard ISO14649 (STEP-NC ) in the world, its purpose is offering a kind of neutral mechanism not depending on the concrete system , can describe the unified data model in whole lifespan of the products , thus realize the whole manufacture process, and even the standardization of each industrial field product information.The appearance of STEP-NC may be a revolution of the technical field of the numerical control, on development and even the whole manufacturing industry of the technology of numerical control , will exert a far-reaching influence. First of all, STEP-NC puts forward a kind of brand-new manufacture idea , in the traditional manufacture idea, NC processes the procedures to all concentrate on single computer. Under the new standard, NC procedure can be dispersed on Internet, this is exactly a direction of open , networked development of technology of numerical control. Secondly, STEP-NC numerical control system also can reduce , process (about 75% ) drawing , process procedure work out (about 35% ) time and process (about 50% ) time greatly.At present, American-European countries pay much attention to the research of STEP-NC, Europe initiates IMS plan (1999.1.1- 2001.12.3 ) of STEP-NC. 20 CAD/CAM/CAPP/CNC users , manufacturers and academic organizations from Europe and Japan participated in this plan. STEP Tools Company of U.S.A. is a developer of the data interchange software of manufacturing industry in the global range, he has already developed and accused of the super model (Super Model ) of information exchange of machine tooling by counting, its goal is to describe all processing courses with the unified norm. Such new data interchange form has already been verified in allocating the SIEMENS , FIDIA and European OSACA-NC numerical control at present.2 pairs of basic estimations of technology and industry development of numerical control of our countryThe technology of numerical control of our country started in 1958, the development course in the past 50 years can roughly be divided into 3 stages: The first stage is from 1958 to 1979, i.e. closed developing stage. In this stages, technology of foreign countries blockade and basic restriction of terms of our country, the development of the technology of numerical control is comparatively slow. During Sixth Five-Year Plan Period , the Seventh Five-Year Plan Period of the country in second stage and earlier stage in the Eighth Five-Year Plan Period , introduce technology , digest and assimilate, the stage of establishing the system of production domesticization arisesing tentatively. At this stage , because of reform and opening-up and national attention , and study the improvement of the development environment and international environment, research , development and all making considerable progress in production domesticization of the products of the technology of numerical control of our country. The third stage is that on the later stage in the Eighth Five-Year Plan Period of the country and during the Ninth Five-Year Plan Period , implement the research of industrialization , enter market competition stage. At this stage, made substantive progress in industrialization of the domestic numerical control equipment of our country. In the Ninth Five-Year Plan latter stage, domestic numerical control domestic market share of lathe reach 50% , mix domestic numerical control system (popular ) to up to 10%.Review the development course in the past 50 years of technology of numerical control of our country, especially pass the brainstorm of 4 Five-Year Plans, all in all has made following achievements.a. Have establish the foundation of the technical development of numerical control, has basically mastered the technology of modern numerical control. Our country know from numerical control system , servo urge , numerical control host computer , special plane and their basic of fittings basically already now, among them most technology have already possessed the foundation that is commercialized and developed , some technology has already, industrialization commercialized.a.Have formed the industrial base of numerical control tentatively. In tackling key problems the foundation that the achievement and some technology commercialize , set up the systematic factories of numerical control with production capacity of batch such as numerical control of Central China , spaceflight numerical control etc. Electrical machinery plant of Lanzhou, a batch of servo systems and first machine tool plant , first machine tool plant of Jinan of servo electrical machinery factory and Beijing ,etc. several numerical control host computer factories such as the numerical control in Central China. These factories have basically formed the numerical control industrial base of our country.b.Have set up research of a numerical control, development , managerial talents basic team . Though has made considerable progress in research and development and industrialization of the technology of numerical control, but we will realize soberly, the research and development of the technology of advanced numerical control of our country, there is greater disparity between current situation and current demand of our country of engineering level especially in industrialization. Though very fast from longitudinal development to watch our country, horizontal until (contrast with foreign countries ) , the engineering level has disparity, there is disparity too in development speed in some aspects, i.e. the disparity of engineering level between some high-grade , precision and advanced numerical control equipment has the tendency to expand . Watch from world , estimate roughly as follows about the numerical control engineering level of our country and industrialization level.a.On the engineering level, in probably backward 10- 1 years with the advanced level in foreign countries, it is bigger in high-quality precision and sophisticated technology.b.At the industrialization level, the market share is low, the variety coverage rate is low, have not formed the large-scale production yet; Function part specialized level of production and form a complete set ability to be lower; Appearance quality is relatively poor; Dependability is not high, the commercialized intensity is insufficient; Not setting up ones own brand effect yet in domestic numerical control system, users have insufficient confidence. c.At the ability of sustainable development, to competition numerical control research and development of technology, engineered ability weaker; Numerical control technological application expand efforts to be better; The research , formulation that relevant standards are normal lags behind.It is analyzed that the main reason for having disparity described above has the following several respect. a.Realize the respect. Know to domestic numerical control industry process arduousness , complexity and long-term characteristic insufficiently; One that is to market unstandard, foreign blockade add strangle , system ,etc. underestimate while being difficult; It is not enough to analyze to technological application level and ability of numerical control of our country. b.System. Pay close attention to numerical control industrialization many in the issue , consider numerical control industrialization little in the issue synthetically in terms of the systematic one , industry chain in terms of technology; Set up intact related system , complete training , service network ,etc. of high quality support the system.c.Mechanism. The bad mechanism causes the brain drain , restraining technology and technological route from innovating again , products innovation, and has restricted the effective implementation of planning , has often planned the ideal , implement the difficulty. d.Technology. Enterprises are indifferent in autonomous innovation in technology, key technology is engineered and indifferent. Lathe standard lag behind, level relatively low, numerical control system new standard study enoughly.3 strategic thinking until technology and industrialization of numerical control of our country develop3.1 Strategic considerationOur country of strategic consideration makes the big country , should try hard to accept the front instead of the back transformation in the world industry shifts , should master and make key technology advancedly , otherwise in a new round of international industrial structure adjustment, of our country manufacturing industry step forward the empty core . We regard resource , environment , market as cost, possibility got to exchange assemble the centre , but not master the status of the manufacturing center of key technology , will so influence the development process of the modern manufacturing industry of our country seriously.We should stand in the height of national security strategy paying attention to the technology of numerical control and industrys question , at first seen from social safety, because manufacturing industry whether our country obtain employment most populous trade, the development of manufacturing industry not only can improve the peoples living standard but also can relieve the pressure of employment of our country , ensure the stability of the society; Secondly seen from security of national defence, the western developed country has classified all the high-grade , precision and advanced numerical control products as the strategic materials of the country, realize embargo and restriction to our country, Toshiba incident and Cox Report is the best illustration.3.2 Development tacticsProceed from the angles of the fundamental realities of the country of our country, regard the strategic demand of the country and market demand of the national economy as the direction, regard improving our country and making the comprehensive competitive power of equipping industry and industrialization level as the goal, use the systematic method , be able to choose the support technology that the initial our country makes the key technology upgraded in development of equipping industry and supports the development of industrialization in 21st century of leading factor, the ability to supply the necessary technology realizes making the jump type development of the equipping industry as the content of research and development.Emphasize market demand is a direction, take terminal products of numerical control as the core , with the complete machine (Such as the numerical control lathe having a large capacity and a wide range, milling machine , high speed high precise high-performance numerical control lathe , model digitized machinery , key industry key equipment ,etc. ) drive numerical control development of industry. Solve the numerical control system and relevant functions part especially The dependability in (digitized servo system and electrical machinery , electric main shaft system of high speed and new attachment that equip ,etc. ) and production scale question. There are no products without high dependability of scale ; Will not have cheap and products rich in the competitiveness without scale ; Certainly, it is difficult finally to have the day to hold up head that there is no Chinese numerical control equipment of scale .In equipping researching and developing high-grade , precision and advancedly , should emphasize the production, learning and research and close combination of end user, regard obtaining, using, selling as the goal, tackle key problems according to the national will, in order to solve the needing badly of the country. The technology of numerical control, emphasized innovation, put emphasis on researching and developing technology and products with independent intellectual property right before the competition, establish the foundation for the numerical control industry of our country , sustainable development of the equipment manufacture and even the whole manufacturing industry.References:1China machine tool industrial association Development department of the trade. CIMT2001 tour J . The manufacturing technology in the world and market of equipment, 2001 (3): 18-20.2The roof beam trains a king to declare , the distribution is helped. New tendency J of the technical development of the lathe . The manufacturing technology in the world and market of equipment, 2001 (3): 21-28.3China machine tool industrial association Systematic branch of numerical control. CIMT2001 tour J . The manufacturing technology in the world and market of equipment, 2001 (5): 13-17.4Yang XueTong, Li DongRu, He WenLi ,etc.? Numerical control lathe technical development strategic research M from now to century. Beijing: State Bureau of Machinery Industries, 2000.数控技术的发展趋势摘要：简要介绍了当今世界数控技术及装备发展的趋势及我国数控装备技术发展和产业化的现状，在此基础上讨论了在我国加入WTO和对外开放进一步深化的新环境下，发展我国数控技术及装备、提高我国制造业信息化水平和国际竞争能力的重要性，并从战略和策略两个层面提出了发展我国数控技术及装备的几点看法。装备工业的技术水平和现代化程度决定着整个国民经济的水平和现代化程度，数控技术及装备是发展新兴高新技术产业和尖端工业（如信息技术及其产业、生物技术及其产业、航空、航天等国防工业产业）的使能技术和最基本的装备。马克思曾经说过“各种经济时代的区别，不在于生产什么，而在于怎样生产，用什么劳动资料生产”。制造技术和装备就是人类生产活动的最基本的生产资料，而数控技术又是当今先进制造技术和装备最核心的技术。当今世界各国制造业广泛采用数控技术，以提高制造能力和水平，提高对动态多变市场的适应能力和竞争能力。此外世界上各工业发达国家还将数控技术及数控装备列为国家的战略物资，不仅采取重大措施来发展自己的数控技术及其产业，而且在“高精尖”数控关键技术和装备方面对我国实行封锁和限制政策。总之，大力发展以数控技术为核心的先进制造技术已成为世界各发达国家加速经济发展、提高综合国力和国家地位的重要途径。数控技术是用数字信息对机械运动和工作过程进行控制的技术，数控装备是以数控技术为代表的新技术对传统制造产业和新兴制造业的渗透形成的机电一体化产品，即所谓的数字化装备，其技术范围覆盖很多领域：(1)机械制造技术；(2)信息处理、加工、传输技术；(3)自动控制技术；(4)伺服驱动技术；(5)传感器技术；(6)软件技术等。1数控技术的发展趋势数控技术的应用不但给传统制造业带来了革命性的变化，使制造业成为工业化的象征，而且随着数控技术的不断发展和应用领域的扩大，他对国计民生的一些重要行业（IT、汽车、轻工、医疗等）的发展起着越来越重要的作用，因为这些行业所需装备的数字化已是现代发展的大趋势。从目前世界上数控技术及其装备发展的趋势来看，其主要研究热点有以下几个方面14。11 高速、高精加工技术及装备的新趋势效率、质量是先进制造技术的主体。高速、高精加工技术可极大地提高效率，提高产品的质量和档次，缩短生产周期和提高市场竞争能力。为此日本先端技术研究会将其列为5大现代制造技术之一，国际生产工程学会（CIRP）将其确定为21世纪的中心研究方向之一。在轿车工业领域，年产30万辆的生产节拍是40秒/辆，而且多品种加工是轿车装备必须解决的重点问题之一；在航空和宇航工业领域，其加工的零部件多为薄壁和薄筋，刚度很差，材料为铝或铝合金，只有在高切削速度和切削力很小的情况下，才能对这些筋、壁进行加工。近来采用大型整体铝合金坯料“掏空”的方法来制造机翼、机身等大型零件来替代多个零件通过众多的铆钉、螺钉和其他联结方式拼装，使构件的强度、刚度和可靠性得到提高。这些都对加工装备提出了高速、高精和高柔性的要求。从EMO2001展会情况来看，高速加工中心进给速度可达80m/min，甚至更高，空运行速度可达100m/min左右。目前世界上许多汽车厂，包括我国的上海通用汽车公司，已经采用以高速加工中心组成的生产线部分替代组合机床。美国CINCINNATI公司的HyperMach机床进给速度最大达60m/min，快速为100m/min，加速度达2g，主轴转速已达60000r/min。加工一薄壁飞机零件，只用30min，而同样的零件在一般高速铣床加工需3h，在普通铣床加工需8h；德国DMG公司的双主轴车床的主轴速度及加速度分别达12*!000r/mm和1g。在加工精度方面，近10年来，普通级数控机床的加工精度已由10m提高到5m，精密级加工中心则从35m，提高到11.5m，并且超精密加工精度已开始进入纳米级(0.01m)。在可靠性方面，国外数控装置的MTBF值已达6000h以上，伺服系统的MTBF值达到30000h以上，表现出非常高的可靠性。为了实现高速、高精加工，与之配套的功能部件如电主轴、直线电机得到了快速的发展，应用领域进一步扩大。1.25轴联动加工和复合加工机床快速发展采用5轴联动对三维曲面零件的加工，可用刀具最佳几何形状进行切削，不仅光洁度高，而且效率也大幅度提高。一般认为，1台5轴联动机床的效率可以等于2台3轴联动机床，特别是使用立方氮化硼等超硬材料铣刀进行高速铣削淬硬钢零件时，5轴联动加工可比3轴联动加工发挥更高的效益。但过去因5轴联动数控系统、主机结构复杂等原因，其价格要比3轴联动数控机床高出数倍，加之编程技术难度较大，制约了5轴联动机床的发展。当前由于电主轴的出现，使得实现5轴联动加工的复合主轴头结构大为简化，其制造难度和成本大幅度降低，数控系统的价格差距缩小。因此促进了复合主轴头类型5轴联动机床和复合加工机床（含5面加工机床）的发展。在EMO2001展会上，新日本工机的5面加工机床采用复合主轴头，可实现4个垂直平面的加工和任意角度的加工，使得5面加工和5轴加工可在同一台机床上实现，还可实现倾斜面和倒锥孔的加工。德国DMG公司展出DMUVoution系列加工中心，可在一次装夹下5面加工和5轴联动加工，可由CNC系统控制或CAD/CAM直接或间接控制。1.3智能化、开放式、网络化成为当代数控系统发展的主要趋势21世纪的数控装备将是具有一定智能化的系统，智能化的内容包括在数控系统中的各个方面：为追求加工效率和加工质量方面的智能化，如加工过程的自适应控制，工艺参数自动生成；为提高驱动性能及使用连接方便的智能化，如前馈控制、电机参数的自适应运算、自动识别负载自动选定模型、自整定等；简化编程、简化操作方面的智能化，如智能化的自动编程、智能化的人机界面等；还有智能诊断、智能监控方面的内容、方便系统的诊断及维修等。为解决传统的数控系统封闭性和数控应用软件的产业化生产存在的问题。目前许多国家对开放式数控系统进行研究，如美国的NGC(TheNextGenerationWork-Station/MachineControl)、欧共体的OSACA(OpenSystemArchitectureforControlwithinAutomationSystems)、日本的OSEC(OpenSystemEnvironmentforCon

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