高考英语阅读理解抓分精品训练（38）.doc

2014高考英语阅读理解抓分精品训练（38）及答案阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(a、b、c和d)中，选出最佳选项。 aa person named bernard jackson today is a free man, but he has many bitter memories. he spent five years in prison after a jury (陪审团) wrongly convicted (判处有罪) him of raping two women. at jacksons trial, although two witnesses testified that jackson was with them in another location at the time of the crime, he was convicted anyway. why? the jury believed the testimony (证词) of the two victims, who positively identified jackson as the man who had attacked them. the court eventually freed jackson after the police found the real criminal.many factors influence the accuracy of eyewitness testimony. for instance, witnesses sometimes see photographs of several suspects before they try to identify the person they saw in a group of people. they can become confused by seeing many photographs of similar faces. the number of people in the group, and whether it is a person or a photograph, may also affect a witnesss decision. people sometimes have difficulty identifying people of other races. the questions the police ask witnesses also have an effect on them.many people believe that police officers are more reliable than ordinary people. psychologists decided to test this idea, and they discovered that it is not true. two psychologists showed a film of crimes to both police officers and civilians. the psychologists found no difference between the police and the civilians in correctly remembering the details of the crimes.despite all the possibilities for inaccuracy, courts cannot leave out eyewitness testimony from a trial. american courts depend almost completely on eyewitness testimony to resolve (决定) court cases. sometimes it is the only evidence to a crime, such as rape. furthermore, eyewitness testimony is often correct. although people do sometimes make mistakes, and convict innocent people, more importantly, eyewitness testimony has rightly convicted a larger number of guilty people. american courts depend on the ability of the twelve jurors, and not the judges, to determine the accuracy of the witnesss testimony. it is their responsibility to decide if a certain witness could actually see, hear and remember what happened. 1bernard jackson was found guilty and sentenced 5 years prison because . athe police discovered evidence leading to his guilt bhe admitted the crime of raping two women cthe victims insisted that he was the attacker dthe eyewitness proved the victims testimony2the following statements may be the reasons for why sometimes the eyewitness testimony is not accurate except . athe eyewitness is confused by the polices questions bthe eyewitness is shown photos of many similar facescthe eyewitness lacks the professional help from police dthe eyewitness cant identify people of other races clearly3an inaccurate eyewitness testimony may lead to . athe misunderstanding of the case bthe disbelief in the court cthe disrespect for the eyewitness dthe conviction of an innocent person4eyewitness testimony is important because .ait can be relied on to detect criminals in all cases. bit is sometimes the only way to resolve court cases. cit is sometimes the only clue for police investigation. dit is more reliable than physical evidences to a crime.5according to the text, we can infer that . apolice identification is more reliable than that of the ordinary people beyewitness testimony is valuable, though sometimes incorrect. ccrime victims often fail to give positive identification of the suspects dthe jury relies on the judge rather than the eyewitness for a decision参考答案 ccdbb c82013大纲全国卷 ethe oldest and most common source(来源)of renewable energy known to man, biomass is one of the most important forms of energy production in the united states and elsewhere.since such a wide variety of biomass materials is everywherefrom trees and grasses to agricultural and citylife wastesbiomass promises to play a continuing role in providing power and heat for millions of people around the world.according to the union of concerned scientists(ucs), biomass is a kind of renewable energy source that produces no carbon dioxide(二氧化碳), because the energy it contains comes from the sun.when plant matter is burned, it gives off the suns energy.in this way, biomass serves as a sort of natural battery(电池)for storing the suns energy.as long as biomass is produced continuouslywith only as much grown as is usedthe “battery” lasts forever.according to the energy information administration, biomass has been one of the leading renewable energy sources in the united states for several years running through 2007, making up between 0.5 and 0.9 percent of the nations total electricity supply.in 2008although the numbers arent all in yetwind power probably took over first place because of the rapid development of wind farms across the country.producing power from biomass helps reduce some 11 million tons of carbon dioxide each year.some homeowners also try to make their own heat by using biomass materials.such practice may save homeowners money, but it also produces a lot of pollution.so, the best way is to encourage power plants to use it.72why is biomass considered as “a sort of natural battery”？ait burns merely plant matter. bit keeps producing electricity.cit stores the energy from the sun. dit produces zero carbon dioxide.73we learn from the text that in 2008 _awind power could be the leader of renewable energy b. there was a rapid growth of electricity productioncbiomass might become the main energy source d0.50.9% of power supply came from biomass74why does the author encourage power plants to use biomass? ato prevent the waste of energy. bto increase production safety.cto reduce pollution. dto save money.75where does the text probably come from? aa research plan. ba science magazine. ca book review. da business report.【要点综述】 本文是一篇科技说明文。文章介绍了biomass(生物量)的特征、优点以及它在美国能源中的地位。72c细节理解题。根据第二段中的“because the energy it contains comes from the sun.when plant matter is burned, it gives off the suns energy.in this way, biomass serves as a sort of natural battery for storing the suns energy.”可知c正确。73a推理判断题。根据第三段中的“in 2008although the numbers arent all in yetwind power probably took over first place because of the rapid development of wind farms across the country.”可知，2008年风能占居首位。关键词定位：a项中的the leader of 和文中first place意思相同。74c推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“some homeowners also try to make their own heat by using biomass materials.such practice may save homeowners money, but it also produces a lot of pollution.so, the best way is to encourage power plants to use it.”可知c正确。75b推理判断题。根据全文内容可知，本文是一篇有关生物量能源的科普类文章。所以，它应该是科学杂志上的文章。故选b。the iphone, the ipad: each of apples products sounds cool and has become a fad(一时的风尚). apple has cleverly taken advantage of the power of the letter “i” and many other brands are following suit. the bbcs iplayer which allows web users to watch tv programs on the internet adopted the title in 2008. a lovely bear popular in the us and uk that plays music and video is called “iteddy”. a slimmed-down version of londons independent newspaper was launched last week under the name “i”.in general, single-letter prefixes (前缀) have been popular since the 1990s, when terms such as e-mail and e-commerce first came into use. most “i” products are targeted at young people and considering the major readers of independents “i”, its no surprise that theyve selected this fashionable name. but its hard to see whats so special about the letter “i”. why not use “a”, “b”, or “c” instead? according to tony thorne, head of the language center at kings college, london, “i” works because its meaning has become ambiguous. when apple uses “i”, no one knows whether it means internet, information, individual or interactive, thorne told bbc magazines. “even when apple created the ipod, it seems it didnt have one clear definition,” he says. “however, thanks to apple, the term is now associated with portability (轻便) .”adds thorne.clearly the letter “i” also agrees with the idea that the western world is centered on the individual. each person believes they have their own needs, and we love personalized products for this reason. along with “google” and “blog”, readers of bbc magazines voted “i” as one of the top 20 words that have come to define the last decade. but as history shows, people grow tired of fads. from the 1900s to 1990s, products with “2000” in their names became fashionable as the year was associated with all things advanced and modern. however, as we entered the new century, the trend inevitably disappeared. 10. people use iplayer to _.a. listen to music b. make a call c. watch tv programs online d. read newspapers11. we can infer that the independents “i” is aimed at _. a. young readers b. old readers c. fashionable women d. engineers12. the underlined word “ambiguous” means “_”.a. popular b. uncertain c. definite d. unique13. nowadays, the “i” term often reminds people of the products which are _. a. portable b. environmentally friendly c. advanced d. recyclable14. the writer suggests that _.a. “i” products are often of high qualityb. iteddy is alive bearc. the letter “b” replaces letter “i” to name the productsd. the popularity of “i” products may not last long 参考答案 cabadi first heard this story a few years ago from a girl i had met in new yorks greenwich village. the girl told me that she had been one of the participants. since then, others to whom i have related the tale have said that they had read a version of it in some forgotten book, or been told it by an acquaintance who said that it actually happened to a friend. probably the story is one of those mysterious bits of folklore that emerge from the national subconscious every few years, to be told a new in one form or another. the cast of character shifts, the message endures. i like to think that it did happen, somewhere, sometime. they were going to fort lauderdale three boys and three girls and when they boarded the bus, they were carrying sandwiches and wine in paper bags, dreaming of golden beaches and sea tides as the gray cold of new york vanished behind them.as the bus passed through new jersey, they began to notice vingo. he sat in front of them, dressed in a plain, ill-fitting suit, never moving, his dusty face masking his age. he chewed the inside of his lip a lot, frozen into some personal cocoon of silence. deep into the night, outside washington, the bus pulled into howard johnsons, and everybody got off except vingo. he sat rooted in his seat, and the young people began to wonder about him, trying to imagine his life: perhaps he was a sea captain, a runaway from his wife, an old soldier going home. when they went back to the bus, one of the girls sat beside him and introduced herself. “were going to florida,” she said brightly, “ i hear its beautiful.”“it is,” he said quietly, as if remembering something he had tried to forget. “want some wine?” she said. he smiled and took a swig from the bottle. he thanked her and retreated again into his silence. after a while, she went back to the others, and vingo nodded in sleep. in the morning, they awoke outside another howard johnsons, and this time vingo went in. the girl insisted that he join them. he seemed very shy, and ordered black coffee and smoked nervously as the young people chattered about sleeping on beaches. when they returned to the bus, the girl sat with vingo again, and after a while, slowly and painfully, he began to tell his story. he had been in jail in new york for the past four years, and now he was going home. “are you married?”“i dont know.”“you dont know?” she said.“well, when i was in jail i wrote to my wife,” he said. “i told her that i was going to be away for a long time, and that if she couldnt stand it, if the kids kept asking questions, if it hurt her too much, well, she could just forget me. id understand. get a new guy, i said shes a wonderful woman, really something and forget about me. i told her she didnt have to write me. and she didnt. not for three and a half years.”“and youre going home now, not knowing?”“yeah,” he said shyly. “well, last week, when i was sure the parole was coming through, i wrote her again. we used to live in brunswick, just before jacksonville, and theres a big oak tree just as you come into town. i told her that if she didnt have a new guy and if shed take me back, she should put a yellow handkerchief on the tree, and id get off and come home. if she didnt want me, forget it no handkerchief, and id go on through.”“wow,” the girl said. “wow.”she told the others, and soon all of them were in it, caught up in the approach of brunswick, looking at the pictures vingo showed them of his wife and three children the woman handsome in a plain way, the children still unformed in the cracked, much-handled snapshots. now they were 20 miles from brunswick, and the young people took over window seats on the right side, waiting for the approach of the great oak tree. the bus acquired a dark, hushed mood, full of the silence of absence and lost years. vingo stopped looking, tightening his face into the ex-cons mask, as if fortifying himself against still another disappointment. then brunswick was 10 miles, and then five. then, suddenly, all of the young people were up out of their seats, screaming and shouting and crying, doing small dances of joy. all except vingo. vingo sat there stunned, looking at the oak tree. it was covered with yellow handkerchiefs 20 of them, 30 of them, maybe hundreds, a tree that stood like a banner of welcome billowing in the wind. as the young people shouted, the old con slowly rose from his seat and made his way to the front of the bus to go home. 15. at the beginning of the story, the young boys and girls _.a. neglected vingo intentionallyb. wanted to help vingoc. cared about vingo too muchd. paid no attention to vingo at all 16. the underlined part “howard johnsons” is most probably a _.a. restaurant b. railway station c. bus stop d. clinic17. which of the following statements is true?a. the girl who spoke to vingo had been to florida several times. b. vingo was not willing to tell the others the true story all the time.c. in fact, vingo wasnt sure of his wifes attitude at all. d. vingo stayed in jail in new jersy for four years. 18. what does the handkerchiefs stand for in the passage?a. it stands for happiness and fun. b. it stands for tolerance and acceptance.c. it stands for purity and innocence. d. it stands for excitement and surprise 19. the last paragraph shows us except _.a. everyone was delighted at the flying handkerchiefs.b. the flying handkerchiefs on the old oak was beyond vingos expectationsc. vingo was unwilling to go home at once because he slowly rose from his seatd. vingos excited feelings couldnt be expressed in words. 20. the paragraphs following this passage would most probably talk about _.a. the conversation between vingo and his family. b. the travel of the excited young people to fort lauderdalec. vingos three lovely childrend. vingos bad experience in prison参考答案 dacbcac8 2013湖北卷 dthe technology is great.without it we wouldnt have been able to put a man on the moon, explore the oceans depths or eat microwave sausages.computers have revolutionized our lives and they have the power to educate and pass on knowledge.but sometimes this power can create more problems than it solves.every doctor has had to try their best to calm down patients whove come into their surgery waving an internet printout, convinced that they have some rare incurable disease, say, throat cancer.the truth is usually far more ordinary, though: they dont have throat cancer, and its just that their throats are swollen.being a graduate of the internet “school” of medicine does not guarantee accurate selfhealthchecks.one day mrs.almond came to my hospital after feeling faint at work.while i took her blood sample and tried to find out what was wrong, she said calmly, “i know whats wrong; ive got throat cancer.i know theres nothing you doctors can do about it and ive just got to wait until the day comes.”as a matter of routine i ordered a chest xray.i looked at it and the blood results an hour later.something wasnt right.“did your local doctor do an xray？” i asked.“oh, i havent been to the doctor for years，” she replied.“i read about it on a website and the symptoms fitted, so i knew thats what i had.”however, some of her symptoms, like the severe cough and weight loss, didnt fit with itbut shed just ignored this.i looked at the xray again, and more tests confirmed it wasnt the cancer but tuberculosis (肺结核)something that most certainly did need treating, and could be deadly.she was lucky we caught it when we did.mrs almond went pale whe