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汽车变速器及操纵机构的设计全套含CAD图纸,汽车,变速器,操纵,机构,设计,全套,CAD,图纸
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附 录AAutomotive TransmissionJ.A.smithThe role of transmission:The output of the engine speed is very high, maximum power and maximum torque at a certain speed area. Engine in order to exert the best performance, it is necessary to have a variable-speed devices, to coordinate the engine speed and the actual wheel speed. Transmission process in the car, in between the engine and the wheels have a different gear ratio, by shifting the engine can work at their best performance of state power. Transmissions are the development trend of more and more complex, increasingly high degree of automation, automatic transmission will be the mainstream of the future.Transmission type.Automotive automatic transmission has three common forms: namely, Automatic Transmission (AT), mechanical stepless automatic transmission (CVT), electric-controlled mechanical automatic transmission (AMT). At present, the most widely used is the AT, AT almost become synonymous with automatic transmission.AT Torque by Torque, and planetary gear and hydraulic control system components, through the hydraulic transmission and gear portfolio approach to achieve variable-speed torque variation. One of Hydraulic Torque is the most important parts, which pump wheels, turbines and components, such as guide pulley of the transmission of both torque and the role of clutch.AT compared with, CVT save the complex and cumbersome combination of variable-speed gear transmission, but the two groups to carry out variable-speed drive pulley. By changing the driving wheel and driven wheel contact belt speed radius. Canceled because of gear, so the transmission ratio can change speed more smoothly, without shifting sense of the sudden jump.AMT and Automatic Transmission (AT) are the same class has automatic transmission. It is in general based on the manual transmission, through the installation of microcomputer-controlled electric device to replace the original finish by the manual operation of the clutch of separation, joint, and block transmission of the election, motion shift, automatic shift implementation.The general structure of automobile transmission:1. Easy transmission of the basic structure: the shell, transmission and manipulation of some parts.(1)Shell: Shell is the basic pieces of support for the installation of transmission and storage of all parts lubricants. Has installed its bearing on the precision boring. Transmission under varying load, so the stiffness of the shell should be enough, there is to strengthen the wall, the shape of the complex, as many castings (gray cast iron materials, commonly used HT200).In order to facilitate the installation, transmission and manipulation of some Split parts are frequently made, cover with the housing connected by bolts and reliable positioning. Shell has come on up, I put the oil, check oil foot mouth, should also be taken into heat dissipation.(2)Transmission parts: is the gear, shaft, bearings and other transmission parts. Geometry axis through strength, stiffness calculation. Mainly due to decide on the stiffness, while the carbon steel and alloy steel elastic modulus almost equal, so the general use of carbon steel (commonly used 45 steel). Only one gear with the shaft or axle load made serious only by steel. Shaft and gear for many spline connection (for neutral good, reliable transmission of power, a small compressive stress, etc.). Spline shaft bearing parts and let the surface hardening treatment by the Department. Shaft with rolling bearing supports many, easy lubrication, high efficiency, small radial clearance, axial positioning should be reliable. Many ways to use splash lubrication ( 25m / s, as long as the appropriate viscosity apparently succumbed to the wall).(3)to manipulate parts: the main components located inside the transmission cover.2.The composition of the structural characteristics of transmission: there is easy and efficient transmission, the advantages of simple easy-to-use-Jun mine but a few files, i changed the scope of small (traction, speed small), file number should be taken only at certain limited Cut used. If the increase in the scope of i, then increase the size so that transmission, axle span increase, both in order to increase the file-axis span of a few do not make too large, transmission can be formed. The composition of the so-called transmission, usually from both a combination of easy transmission, one of a few more files as the main transmission, less transmission known as the deputy.Transmission component of advantages:(1)can reduce the number of gears, and a few more files to reduce the number of gear the more obvious advantages. Easy compared with the transmission, it can shorten the length of shaft to reduce the transmission of the external size and weight, and can easily be more than one reverse. Into the file so the current number of files more than six hours, almost all transmission components.(2)transmission: the rate of change of than large: if the main transmission gear ratio change rate zu = 3, Vice transmission fu = 4 is = 12; easy transmission arrangement = 12, the structure is often difficult to reasonable.Composed of transmission of disadvantage:(1)file groups have correspondence between the transmission ratio, so that each file is not 2, (the speed and traction) are ideal.(2)manipulation of trouble shifting, and sometimes both want to manipulate some speed, if not for the flower arrangement will shift memory.In order to reduce the control action, it is best to shift the order. Calling attention to the grade for this presentation ten out files so that the first group of transmission ratio is greater than all of the first file group 11 to the majority of phase transformation from the stall speed of just fixing the main purpose of this is the only way most convenient.GM Hydra-MaticGeneral can be regarded as the founder of automotive automatic transmission has been. The worlds first automatic transmission is used in the United States in 1940 Oldsmobile automobile on a common, and it is a tandem structure of planetary gear transmission fluid control. Applies to the Cadillac STS-Vs latest six-speed Hydra-Matic automatic transmission 6L80, may be regarded as the worlds most advanced Automatic Transmission (AT) has been.Automatic Transmission For example, it has an internal gear is also divided, but the abolition of the clutch. The more gear, then shift, the better the ride comfort. At present, common automatic transmission are generally four-speed, that is, block has four forward. 6L80 has six forward gear, the number of teeth than the one block are separately 2.36,3 block 4.03,2 block 0.85,6 block 1.15,5 block 1.53,4 block 0.67. Obviously, it is more than 4-speed automatic transmission with a greater ratio and smaller ratio of the difference, it is more smooth when speed.Outside the block a few more besides, 6L80 also has a lot of unique special skills:Driver shift control system (DSC) - through its driver into a vehicle without the clutch from the automatic five-speed, high-performance. Drivers under the food stalls to the DSC on the location, the light touch can be specified at the scope of the neat, smooth implementation block addition and subtraction. The driver to switch control mode, the transmission control module monitors the vehicle speed, engine torque and gear used to decide whether to automatically add block to avoid damage to the powertrain. Each have a sliding gear on the clutch, can be carried out on all five gear engine braking.Performance computing systems down block (PAL) - in a row after a high-speed, stop maintain engine braking. Transmission control module based on driving behavior to decide whether to activate the device. If the system found in the vehicle slowed down before turning, transmission may be even lower in order to avoid stall two block.Performance computing shift system (PAS) - turn off the accelerator in high-speed automatic adjustment of the level of acceleration gear, re-open at throttle-down power to elevate. Once the transmission control module to detect high levels of command, this function immediately.This transmission also reduced in the rugged mountain road Shift Search, the stability of the shift functions, with the lower block BrakeAssist monitoring function, electronically controlled engine braking, as well as to adapt to these high-power, high torque engines are the new need a new dual-chip torque converter. In addition, SRX is also equipped with high-performance downhill Downgrade Detection Brake Assist.Chinese car market gearboxChinas auto market is in a transmission period of rapid development. 2007 Chinese sales of 8,791,500 motor vehicles, motor vehicle production in 2008 will exceed nine million sales, car sales in 2010 will reach 12.63 million. Size of the market in the automotive industrys rapid growth, China is faced with a major transmission industry opportunities. In 2006 the market scale of Chinas automobile transmission up to 300 billion yuan and more than 20% annual growth is expected in 2010 is expected to reach 60 billion yuan.附 录B汽车变速器J.A.史密斯变速器的作用：发动机的输出转速非常高，最大功率及最大扭矩在一定的转速区出现。为了发挥发动机的最佳性能，就必须有一套变速装置，来协调发动机的转速和车轮的实际行驶速度。变速器可以在汽车行驶过程中，在发动机和车轮之间产生不同的变速比，通过换挡可以使发动机工作在其最佳的动力性能状态下。变速器的发展趋势是越来越复杂，自动化程度也越来越高，自动变速器将是未来的主流。变速器的型式：汽车自动变速器常见的有三种型式：分别是液力自动变速器 (AT)、机械无级自动变速器(CVT)、电控机械自动变速器(AMT)。目前应用最广泛的是AT，AT几乎成为自动变速器的代名词。AT是由液力变扭器、行星齿轮和液压操纵系统组成，通过液力传递和齿轮组合的方式来实现变速变矩。其中液力变扭器是最重要的部件，它由泵轮、涡轮和导轮等构件组成，兼有传递扭矩和离合的作用。与AT相比，CVT省去了复杂而又笨重的齿轮组合变速传动，而是两组带轮进行变速传动。通过改变驱动轮与从动轮传动带的接触半径进行变速。由于取消了齿轮传动，因此其传动比可以随意变化，变速更加平顺，没有换挡的突跳感。AMT和液力自动变速器(AT)一样是有级自动变速器。它在普通手动变速器的基础上，通过加装微电脑控制的电动装置，取代原来由人工操作完成的离合器的分离、接合及变速器的选挡、换挡动作，实现自动换挡。汽车变速器一般结构：1简单式变速器的基本结构：由壳体、传动部分和操纵部分组成(1)壳体：壳体是基础件，用以安装支承变速器全部零件及存放润滑油。其上有安装轴承的精确镗孔。变速器承受变载荷，所以壳体应有足够的刚度，内壁有加强，形状复杂，多为铸件(材料为灰铸铁，常用HT200)。为便于安装，传动部分和操纵部分常做成剖分式，箱盖与壳体用螺栓联接并可靠定位。壳体上有加油、放油口，油面检查尺口，还应考虑散热。(2)传动部分：是指齿轮、轴、轴承等传动件。轴的几何尺寸通过强度、刚度计算确定。因主要决定于刚度，而碳钢与合金钢弹性模量近乎相等，所以一般用碳钢(常用45钢)。只有齿轮与轴制成一体或轴载荷严重才用合金钢。轴与齿轮多为花键联接(对中性好，能可靠传递动力，挤压应力小等)。轴的花键部分和放轴承处经表面淬火处理。轴多用滚动轴承支承，润滑简单，效率高、径向间隙小，轴向定位应可靠。润滑方式多用飞溅(25m/s，只要粘度适宜可甩到壁上)。(3)操纵部分：主要零件位于变速器盖内。2组成式变速器结构特点简单式变速器有效率高、构造简单使用方便钧优点矿但档数少，i变化范围小(牵引力、速度范围小)，只宜在档数不多的某些车工采用。若增加i的范围，则使变速器尺寸加大，轴跨度增加，为了既增加档数又不使轴跨度过大，可采用组成式变速器。所谓组成式变速器，通常由两个简单式变速器组合而成，其中档数较多的称为主变速器，较少的称为副变速器。组成式变速器的优点：(1)可以减少齿轮个数，而且档数越多减少齿轮个数的优点愈明显。同简单式变速器相比，它可缩短轴的长度，减少整个变速器的外部尺寸和重量，并且能方便地得到不止一个倒档。所以当前进档数超过六个档时，几乎都用组成式变速器。(2)传动比变化率大：若主变速器传动比变化率zu=3，副变速器fu=4则=12；若使简单式变速器=12，结构往往很难合理。组成
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