高考英语分类基础热身练单词5.doc

2014高考英语分类基础热身练：单词基础自主回顾.课标单词1_(prep.)关于2_(n.)过路人，行人3_(adj.)空的，空缺的4_(n.)柄，把手5_(adj.)有污迹的，有斑点的6_(v.)尊敬，敬重7_(v.)赠送，颁发(礼物、奖品等)8_(adv.)因此，所以regardingpasserbyvacanthandlespottedhonourpresenttherefore9_(n.)亲戚，亲属_(n.)关系_(v.)联系10_(v.)结合，联合_(n.)联合11_(v.)使沮丧，使意志消沉，使心灰意冷_(adj.)沮丧的_(adj.)令人沮丧的_(n.)沮丧，消沉12_(n.)志气，抱负，雄心_(adj.)有志气的，有野心的13_(v.)规定，管理，整顿_(n.)规则，条例relativerelationrelatecombinecombinationdepressdepresseddepressingdepressionambitionambitiousregulateregulation14_(adj.)自愿的_(v.)自愿，自告奋勇_(n.)志愿者15_(n.)(痛苦、忧虑等的)解除，减轻，调剂_(v.)解除，减轻，缓和16. _(v.)使放松，使轻松_(adj.)放松的_(adj.)令人放松的_(n.)放松17. _(n.)收藏；收藏品_(v.)收藏_(n.)收藏家，收集者18. _(v.)吸引，使陶醉_(adj.)有魅力的，迷人的voluntaryvolunteervolunteerreliefrelieverelaxrelaxedrelaxingrelaxationcollectioncollectcollectorcharmcharming.常用短语1_与进行来往2_突然间3_赋予生命(生命力，活力)4_伴着音乐跳舞5_与情况相同6_与有关7_依靠，依赖8_除此之外make contact withall of a suddengive life todance to the music(be) true of/forbe connected withdepend onin addition to9_一定会，肯定会10_与情况相同11_利用，凭借，依赖，临近12_举办音乐会be sure of(be) the same withdraw upongive concerts.重点句型1she graduated from the shanghai conservatory of music, _she also studied the guzheng in 1993.她毕业于上海音乐学院，1993年她还在那里学习弹奏古筝。答案：where2its _ classical chinese music.中国古典音乐也是一样。答案：the same with3its ok to have your own idea of how to complete the task, _ its clear in your mind how you are going to finish.只要你有能完成任务的清晰思路，有自己的想法也不错。答案：as long as4_ me feel very happy.它让我感到非常快乐。答案：it makes.模块语法1. i wont tell the student the answer to the math problem until he _ on it for more than an hour.a. has been workingb. will have workedc. will have been working d. had worked答案与解析：a主句为一般将来时态，时间状语从句需用一般现在时或现在完成时，因此选a项。本题考查时间状语从句。2. police are now searching for a woman who is reported to _ since the flood hit the area last friday.a. have been missing b. have got lostc. be missing d. get lost答案与解析：a由句意可知“失踪”这一动作仍在持续中，故须用进行时态，又由since提示该句时态须用完成时态。对于现在完成进行时的考查应该是时态题中较难的一类，解答此类题要特别注意上下文语境及相关的时间状语。3. he _ articles for our wallnewspaper these years, and he _ about thirty articles.a. has written; has writtenb. has been writing; wrotec. is writing; has been writingd. has been writing; has written答案：d4. (2007崇文4月)you are wet all over!i _ in the rain.a. had been walking b. have been walkingc. would walk d. am walking答案：b考点探究解密考 点 解 读1relative n亲戚，亲属；adj.比较的，相对的精讲拓展：relatively adv.相对地，比较地relativity n相对性，相对论relate vt. & vi.有关联(关系)，讲述，叙述relative pronoun关系代词relative to.与有关的，关于或涉及的relatively speaking相对来说relate sth. to sb.向某人叙述/讲某事relate sth. to/with sth.将某事物与另一事物相联系relate to sb./sth.与某人/某事物有关，涉及某人/某事物误区警示：relate短语中的to是介词。朗文在线：visit from friends and relatives at christmas圣诞节时朋友与家人的来访relatively speaking, its not important.相对而言，这并不重要。this relates to something i mentioned earlier.这与我早先提到的某件事有关。the report relates high wages to/with labour shortages.该报告把高工资与劳动力短缺联系在一起。命题方向：relative作名词和形容词的用法。活学巧练：完成句子(1)those are the facts_(与这个案件有关的)(2)the second paragraph_ _(涉及到)the situation in scotland.related to the caserelatesto2combine vt.(使)结合，(使)联合；(使)化合精讲拓展：combine.with.将与结合在一起combine against为反对而联合combination n联合；化合in combination with联合起来；在联合中朗文在线：im looking for a job in which i can combine the different aspects of my experience so far.我正在寻找一份能综合应用我不同经验的工作。several factors had combined to harm our friendship.几种因素凑在一起，伤害了我们的友谊。in sum, theory must be combined with practice.总之，理论必须同实践相结合。词语辨析：join, combine, connect与unitejoin结合；接合，泛指任何事物的直接连接，连接的程度可紧可松，含“还能够分离”之意。combine合并；结合，指把两个或两个以上的人或事物合在一起，含有为了一个共同的目的，或结合后仍不改变或失去其本性之意。connect结合；连接，通过某种媒介物把各种事物连接起来，语意较combine和unite弱。unite合一；混合，指紧密的结合，使之成为一个整体，含极难分开之意。命题方向：combine与with搭配构成的句型，及与相关单词的语义辨析。活学巧练：(1)_ a little flour and heat the mixture gently.把鸡蛋和少量面粉搅匀，用文火加热。(2)the hotel opposite to the post office _.邮局对面那家旅馆既舒适又方便。(3)they _ to finish the work ahead of time and were spoken highly of.他们合力提前完成工作，受到高度评价。答案：(1)combine eggs with(2)combines convinence with comfort(3)were combined(4)if your knowledge can be in some way _ with my experience, we are sure to succeed.a. joined b. unitedc. connected d. combined答案与解析：dcombine结合，联合，常指两个或多个事物相互融合。“combine your knowledge with my experience”把你的知识与我的经验结合起来。3ambition n野心，雄心；企图；志气；抱负he is filled with ambition to become famous.精讲拓展：ambitionto be/to sth.of being/doing sth.的目标/夙愿be full of ambition野心勃勃achieve/realize ones ambitions达到目标/实现抱负ambitious adj.志向远大的；有雄心壮志的；渴望的；有野心的ambitious for power/social position极欲获得权力/社会地位be ambitious to serve the people一心想为人民服务误区警示：ambition指抱负，雄心，野心时为不可数名词；指愿望、志向时为可数名词。朗文在线：your problem is that you have no ambition.你的问题在于胸无大志。my ambition is to become a pilot.我的志向是当一名飞行员。mothers are often highly ambitious for their children.做母亲的往往都希望孩子出人头地。命题方向：在语法词汇或完形填空中考查ambition及相关词语与其相近含义的词语的辨析。活学巧练：(1)her _(理想)was to be a famous singer.(2)he then attempted something more _(有野心的), a novel of 200,000 words.(3)her son was filled with _(志向，抱负)to become a great inventor.ambitionambitiousambition(4)madame elants son was _ of being a soldier though he was so weak and thin.aworried banxiousceager dambitious答案与解析：d考查形容词词义辨析。句意：madame elant的儿子尽管又瘦又弱却渴望成为一名战士。be ambitious of渴望；be worried about为担忧；be anxious about对焦虑；be eager for sth.渴望。只有d正确。4relief nu减轻；解除；慰藉；救济；接替i breathed a sigh of relief when i heard he was safe.精讲拓展：give a patient relief from pain使病人减轻痛苦to my great relief使我大为欣喜(放心)的是much to ones relief(to ones great relief)使某人大为放心的是，使某人深感宽慰的是on relief接受救济的for the relief of为了救济provide relief for refugees救济难民with relief宽慰地relieve sb. from anxiety消除某人的忧虑relieve sb. of解除某人的(负担等)；减轻某人的(痛苦等)误区警示：relief与不同的介词连用，表示不同的含义。朗文在线：the minister was relieved of his post.部长被解除了职务。news of their safety came as a great relief.他们平安的消息给大家带来了巨大的安慰。relief was flown to the floodhit areas.救济物品被空运到洪水灾区。the relief driver has got here.接班的司机已经到了。命题方向：to ones relief和with relief是考查的热点。活学巧练：(1)the pills gave her some _ (减轻痛苦)(2)_ (救济物品)was flown to the floodhit areas.(3)this will _ (减轻，缓解)pressure on the trains to some extent.(4)the minister _ (被解除)his post.relief from painreliefrelievewas relieved of(5)(2009潍坊二月)to our great _， geofreys illness proved to be as serious as we had feared.a. anxiety b. reliefc. view d. judgement答案与解析：a由下文知，“geofrey的疾病像我们恐惧的那样严重”，所以应用anxiety表示“使我们担心的是”。5draw upon/on利用，凭借，依赖；临近精讲拓展：draw a conclusion(from)从()中得出结论draw sb.s attention to sth.有意使某人注意某物draw sb.s eye吸引某人的目光draw back 闪避，退后拉回，领回draw in/out (指白天的时间)渐短/长拉进/出draw sb. into sth./doing sth.; draw sb. in使某人参加某事物(尤指勉强他人)draw sth. up 停止；草拟；拉起，拉上(窗帘)draw a deep breath深吸一口气draw near临近draw ones salary领取薪水误区警示：draw back, draw in/out和draw up均可用作及物动词和不及物动词。作及物动词时，如果接人称代词作宾语，则宾语必须置于副词前。she has beautiful curtains in her house and often draws them up even during the day.她房子里安着漂亮窗帘，即使大白天也常常把窗帘拉上。如果作宾语的不是人称代词，则宾语既可置于副词前，也可以置于副词后。she drew her curtains up.或she drew up her curtains.draw near只能用作不及物动词，意思是“接近，临近”。winter is drawing near. so dont forget to bring your winter clothes when you come back to school.冬天临近了，返校时别忘了带冬天穿的衣服。朗文在线：it was a challenge but luckily we had the expertise to draw on.这是个挑战，但幸运的是，我们可以利用我们的专长。i had to draw on my savings to pay for the repairs.我得动用存款来支付修理费。spring is drawing on and the weather becomes warmer and warmer.春天快来了，天气逐渐变暖。命题方向：draw用作动词与不同介词或副词构成的短语动词和句型。活学巧练：he _ my attention to the point i had overlooked.afoundbpaidcgot ddrew答案与解析：d“有意使我注意我忽视的重点”。6give life to.赋予生命(生命力，活力)精讲拓展：spend ones life度过生命(时光)lead a happy/full life过着幸福/充实的生活save ones life救某人的命risk ones life冒着生命危险lose ones life丧失生命bring sth. to life赋予某物以生命，使某物更生动有趣come to life开始运作(工作)朗文在线：she spent her life moving from one town to another.她的一生是在从一个城镇搬到另一个城镇的颠簸之中度过的。mary leads a happy and full life.玛丽过着幸福而充实的生活。he has decided to start a new life.他已决定开始新的生活。in the story the artist brings the statue to life/gives life to the statue.在这个故事中，艺术家赋予塑像以生命。活学巧练：the artist xu beihong _ to horses in his arts.a. spent life b. led a lifec. started life d. gave life答案与解析：d赋予了“生命”。7its the same with classical chinese music.中国古典音乐也是一样。精讲拓展：(1)it is the same with.so it is with.该句型既用于肯定句，也用于否定句，陈述两种以上的情况相同。表示“也”句型还有：在肯定句中，用sobe(have，助动词，情态动词)主语，表示前面所说的情况亦适合于另一人或物。在否定句中，用neither/norbe(have，助动词，情态动词)另一主语，表示“也不”。(2)the same.as.用来表示前后两者的相似，后面的as为关系代词，引导一个定语从句(常用省略结构)，as不能换成that或which。(3)the same.that.用来表示前后为同一事物，that是关系代词，引导一个定语从句。误区警示：the same with与the same as不同。朗文在线：its the same with your travels on the road to success.你们在迈向成功的路上，也有着相同的经历。this is the same book that i bought last week.这就是我上周买的那本书。he doesnt take interest in music, neither do i.他对音乐不感兴趣，我也如此。活学巧练：(1)well, i do think the rabbit is a beautiful, gentle animal which can run very fast._.a. so it is b. so is itc. so does it d. so it does答案与解析：a句意：是的，我的确认为兔子是一种跑得很快的美丽温顺的动物。的确如此。(2)happy new year to you!the same _you!a. as b. withc. to d. like答案与解析：c句意：新年快乐！你也新年快乐！the same to常用于回答别人的祝贺。8i think its wonderful./its ridiculous！/it makes me feel very happy！我认为非常精彩。/真荒唐！/真让我高兴！精讲拓展：表示评价的常见表达法还有：that sounds interesting.听上去很有趣。it seems a good idea.好像是个好主意。it seems to me thats wonderful.我觉得非常棒。im afraid you are wrong about that.恐怕你错了。how wonderful the idea is！这个主意真是棒极了！误区警示：表示评价的表达方式要根据语境灵活运用。朗文在线：what do you think of my new idea?你认为我的新想法怎么样？it sounds(like) a good ieda.听起来是个好主意。your plan sounds realistic, but its difficult to carry out.你的计划听起来很实际，但难以实施。its wonderful that they managed to escape.令人惊奇的是他们居然设法逃跑了。命题方向：不仅在交际英语中考查，更应注意阅读理解中表达作者意图和态度的作用。活学巧练：what about a visit to tibet?_its too cold there！i wont go with you!a. its wonderful.b. it makes me feel happy.c. that sounds interesting.d. its ridiculous!答案与解析：d本题考查对别人建议的评价，根据文后的信息，应是“你的主意太荒唐了。”9be true of/for与情况相同；对适用精讲拓展：be it true or not不管是否如此，不管是真是假come true(预言、梦想等)成为事实，实现hold true有效；适用(it is)true, but.果然不错，但是误区警示：短语come true中的come在此为连系动词，come true被看作“系表”结构。同样动词go也可用作连系动词，如：go hungry; go mad; go wrong等。朗文在线：babies need a lot of sleep and this is particularly true of newborns.婴儿需要大量的睡眠，新生儿尤其如此。by 1975 the worst economic predictions had come true.到1975年，对经济最糟糕的预测已经成为现实。命题方向：be true of/for句型的用法以及come true短语是高考单项填空部分考查的重点。活学巧练：完成句子(1)this is _ _ _ older women.年纪大一些的妇女尤其如此。(2)while this is _ _ _ some. its not _ _ others.对某些人来说当然是这样，对其他人就未必如此。particularlytrueofcertainlytrueoftrueof10现在完成进行时(1)现在完成进行时表示动作从过去的某一时间开始一直延续到现在。这个动作可能刚停止，也可能仍继续进行下去，必须与延续性动词或表状态的动词连用，如：live, learn, lie, stay, sit, wait, study等。常和下列时间状语连用：all this week, all the time/morning, recently等。for years, we have been demanding better jobs and housing.多年来，我们一直在要求有更好的工作和居住条件。the cctv has been broadcasting english programmes ever since 1977.中国中央电视台自从1977年以来一直播放英语节目。(2)现在完成进行时还可用于以下情况：强调事件的持续性。the telephone has been ringing for almost a minute.电话铃响了差不多一分钟。表重复。叙述从过去某时到现在总在重复的动作。i have been knocking. i dont think anybodys in.我一直在敲门，我想没人在里面。表达较重的感情色彩。oh, you have come at last! i have been waiting for you for two long hours.啊！你终于来了，我等了你足足两个小时。(3)现在完成时与现在完成进行时的用法区别：在不用时间状语的情况下，现在完成进行时表示动作仍在持续进行。而现在完成时则表示动作在过去已结束。we have been cleaning the classroom.我们一直在打扫教室。they have been widening the road.他们一直在加宽马路。(尚未完工)we have cleaned the classroom.我们把教室打扫过了。they have widened the road.他们把马路拓宽了。(已完工了)现在完成进行时往往表示动作在重复，现在完成时则不带重复性。have you been meeting her lately?你最近跟她见面吗？(有“经常相会”之意)have you met her lately?你最近跟她见过面吗？(没有“经常相会”之意)表示暂时性的动作用完成进行时较好，表示长期的接近于状态的动作时，用完成时较好。he has been staying with his uncle during the past two months.最近两个月他和他叔叔在一起。(短暂性动作)i have been waiting all the morning.整个早晨我一直在等。(短暂性动作)i have lived here all my life.我一辈子一直住在这儿。(长时期的接近于状态的动作)we have worked in the south since we graduated.毕业后我们一直在南方工作。(长时期的接近于状态的动作)活学巧练：(1)(2007湖南)cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at sunshine school, where she _ english for a year.astudies bstudiedcis studying dhas been studying(2)(2007江西)i have got a headache.no wonder. you _ in front of that computer too long.awork bare workingchave been working dworked(3)(2007安徽)they became friends again that day. until then, they _ to each other for nearly two years.adidnt speakbhadnt spokenchavent spokendhavent been speaking(4)they _ on the program for almost one week before i joined them, and now we _ on it as no good results have come out so far.ahad been working; are still workingbhad worked; were still workingchave been working; have workeddhave worked; are still working答案：(1)d(2)c(3)d(4)a考 题 演 练1.(2009辽宁卷)excuse me, marcia, a reporter from vanity fair _ all day. could you speak to her now?a. phones b. has phonedc. has been phoning d. phoned答案与解析：c本题句意应为：对不起，玛西娅，一位来自vanity fair的记者一整天都在打电话，你现在能和她通话吗？表示过去开始的动作一直持续进行到现在用现在完成进行时。题干中all day表示一段时间。2(2009安徽卷)do you think its a good idea to make friends with your students?_， i do. i think its a great idea.a. really b. obviouslyc. actually d. generally答案与解析：c句意：你认为和你的学生交朋友是个好主意吗？我认为是个好主意。由下句肯定回答可知赞同对方的观点，故用actually。3(2009安徽卷)but for their help, we _ the program in time.a. can not finish b. will not finishc. had not finished d. could not have finished答案与解析：d句意：要是没有他们的帮助，我们不可能及时完成那个节目。but for要是没有，句子应用虚拟语气。又因节目已经完成了，所以用“情态动词现在完成时态”表示对过去发生的事情的猜测。4(2009重庆卷)life is like a long race _ we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.a. why b. whatc. that d. where答案与解析：d句意：生活就像一次长跑，我们不断和别人竞争以超越自己。本句中，where引导的从句作race的定语。在定语从句中，不缺任何成分，故排除c；what不能引导定语从句；why可以引导主语从句，但表示为什么，不合题意。5(2008浙江卷)are you all right?_.a. thats ok b. i think soc. take it easy d. its very kind of you答案与解析：ba项用来回答thank you.；c项指“别紧张”；d项“你真是太好了”。句意：你好吗？还行吧。6(2008福建卷)would you like to join us in the game?_，for i have something important to attend to.a. i will b. id love toc. i wont d. im afraid not答案与解析：d后半句i have something important to attend to暗示了前半句要委婉拒绝。c项所表示的拒绝太直白，不符合英美人说话的习惯。7(2008湖北卷)the teacher stressed again that the students should not _ any important details while retelling the story.a. bring out b. let outc. leave out d. make out答案与解析：c句意：老师进一步强调让学生们在复述故事时不要漏掉任何重要的细节。bring out阐述；使明白；let out发出；泄露(秘密等)；leave out遗漏；make out理解；辨认出。8(2008全国)if their marketing plans succeed, they _ their sales by 20 percent.a. will increase b. have been increasingc. have increased d. would be increasing答案与解析：a句意：如果他们的市场运作计划成功，那么他们的销售将会增加百分之二十。条件状语从句中用一般现在时表将来，主句必须用一般将来时。9(2008浙江卷)there are plenty of jobs _ in the western part of the country.a. present b. availablec. precious d. convenient答案与解析：bavailable意为“可得到的，可利用的”。句意：在这个国家的西部地区，有很多工作可找。module 4music.单词拼写1. he was filled with _(抱负) to become a great scientist.2. the concert will be_(转播) at 9 am.3. only when theories are _(结合)with practice can we know how they work.4. yao ming is fond of _(古典的)chinese music.5. there is a _(空的)place over there where he can park.ambitionrelayedcombinedclassicalvacant6. you seem much more r_ since you changed your job.7. there is a s_ of truck accidents occurring on the free way.8. the dog r_ the child from drowning.9. the book case o_ a lot of space in his room.10. chinese newspapers c_ us. arms sales to taiwan.relaxedseriesrescuedoccupiescondemned.单项填空1my eyes are getting tired.i_for two hours.i think ill take a rest.ahave read breadcwould have read dhave been reading答案与解析：d句意：我的眼睛疲劳了，我已经读了两个小时了。我想我要休息一下。根据句意可知答案是d项。2(山东临沂一模)will you go to see the film this evening?it all _.aoccurs bhappenscright ddepends答案与解析：dit/that depends，口语表达“不一定，看情况再说”。3(2008徐州质检)by the time he arrives, all the work_，with_our teacher will be content.awill have been accomplished; whichbwill be accomplished; thatcwill have accomplished; itdhad been accomplished; him答案与解析：aby后接将来时间时谓语动词用will have done的形式，这里含有介词关系代词引导的定语从句。4a club is a place where friends can make frequent _ with each other.acontract bcontentcconnection dcontact答案与解析：dmake contact with联系。5the curtains drew _ and all the actors started dancing _ the beautiful music.aup; with bin; atcup; to d