在老师的指引下，我们首先花了一个月的时间认真学习了衡阳有色冶金总厂教授级高工高梦熊编著的《地下装载机结构设计与使用》及中国人民解放军工程兵机械学校编著的《工程机械构造（底盘）》、《工程机械修理（底盘）下册》三本书，对其有了一定了解。在接下来的设计工作中，利用手中所有的资料来设计属于我国自己的地下自卸车。

在设计中令我难忘的是设计当中指导老师和我们一起共同进退，力求在规定的时间完成设计。

谢谢老师们的指导、帮助、教诲，谢谢老师们为我们所付出辛苦和操劳。

摘要：详细介绍了CA-20地下自卸汽车工作液压系统和转向液压系统的设计，为四个步骤：根据各个系统的功能和整车布置拟定液压系统原理图；根据翻倾及转向角度分别计算工作油缸的行程；根据各系统所受的最大作用力确定系统压力；根据各系统的系统压力和流量选定各系统的泵及其他液压元件。实践CA-20地下自卸汽车液压系统是安全、可靠和高效的。

关键词：地下自卸汽车；工作液压系统；转向液压系统；泵；油缸；

Abstract: In this paper the design of the hydraulic systems of working and steering for CA-20 Rear Dump Truck is introduced. The design include four steps. First of all according to the feature of each hydraulic system, we can draw the principle diagrams of the hydraulic systems of working and steering. Then we can calculate the travels of the dumping cylinders and steering cylinders by the angles of dumping and steering. And then we can decide the pressure of each hydraulic system through the maximal force on each system. At last may chose the pumps and other hydraulic parts according to the pressure and the flow of each hydraulic system, The fact has proved that the hydraulic system of the truck is safe, reliable and efficient.

Key words: Rear dump truck Hydraulic system of working hydraulic system of steering Pump Cylinder

一、绪论

（一）立项背景 1

（二）国内外研究现状与发展趋势 3

（三）项目实施的主要内容、技术关键与创新点、预期目标 5

（四）应用或产业化前景与市场需求 6

（五）现有工作基础、条件和优势 7

二、液压系统参数计算

（一）概述 8

（二）工作液压系统参数计算 8

（三）转向液压系统参数计算12

（四）变矩器与发动机优化匹配MATLAB程序的编制 18

（五）液压缸装配、维护、修理工艺 30 37

三、参考文献 50

谢辞51

附页52

一、绪论

（一）立项背景：

地下自卸汽车是实现无轨开采技术的主要运输设备，它具有机动灵活和经济的优越性，广泛用语条件适宜的地下矿山。随着无轨采矿技术的发展，对地下自卸汽车的需求量也愈来愈大，对它的经济性、生产能力与可靠性的要求也愈来愈高，生产地下自卸汽车的厂家也愈来愈多。除了专门生产地下自卸汽车的厂家之外，生产露天自卸汽车的厂家也纷纷将露天自卸汽车改造后用于地下，企业之间的竞争愈来愈激烈。各企业为了适应市场的变化，提高市场的竞争力，不断推出新技术、新品种、新结构和新材料，促进了无轨采矿技术与设备的发展。

国内研制地下自卸汽车始于20世纪70年代中期，由于各种原因，至今发展不快，只有几个生产厂，技术水平只相当于国外20世纪80年代末的水平，数量与质量也远远满足不了国内矿山发展的需要。我们加入了WTO之后，地下自卸汽车行业面临着极大的压力和挑战，为了对付这严峻的形势一方面要引进更多更好的国外产品与相关技术，另一方面必须迅速发展民族工业。

参考文献

1. 高梦雄 .地下装载机——机构设计与使用 .冶金工业出版社，2002

2. 陈伟，战凯 .DKC-12地下自卸汽车工作及转向液压系统的设计 .矿冶，1996 年6月（第8卷第2期）：16～19

3. 战凯. DKC-12地下自卸汽车制动系统设计及制动过程分析. 矿冶，1997年12月（第6卷第4期）：9～13

4. 袁哲俊，刘华明，唐宜胜. 齿轮刀具设计. 新时代出版社，1983

5. 汽车工程手册编辑委员会 .汽车工程手册 .人民交通出版社，2000

6. 齿轮手册编委会 .齿轮手册（上册）第二版 .机械工业出版社，2000

7. 唐增宝，何永然，刘安俊 .机械设计课程设计 .华中科技大学出版社，1998

8. 廖念钊，莫雨松，李硕根 .互换性与技术测量 .中国计量出版社，1981

9. 濮良贵，纪名刚 .机械设计 .高等教育出版社，2000

10. 周志雄，孙宗禹 .机械设计制造及自动化英语教程 .湖南大学出版社，2000

11. 蔡春源 .新编机械设计手册 .辽宁科学技术出版社，1993

12. 天津齿轮机床研究所 .齿轮工手册 .天津人民出版社，1974

13. 北京第一通用机械厂 .机械工人切削手册 .机械工业出版社，1977

14. 中国第一汽车集团公司编写组 .机械工程材料手册 .机械工业出版社，1997

15. 机械传动装置选用手册编委会 .机械传动装置选用手册 .机械工业出版社，1999

16. 辛一行 .现代机械设备设计手册第一卷设计基础 .机械工业出版社，1996

17. 刘鸿文 .材料力学上册第三版 .高等教育出版社，1991

18. 线值计量技术编写组 .齿轮测量 .上海科学技术出版社，1978

19. 机械工程手册，电机工程手册编辑委员会 .机械工程手册第十二卷机械产品（二） .机械工业出版社，1982

20. 机械工程手册，电机工程手册编辑委员会 .机械工程手册第四卷机械设计（一） .机械工业出版社，1982

21. 中国人民解放军工程兵机械学校 .工程机械构造（底盘） .（内部资料）

22. 中国人民解放军工程兵机械学校 .工程机械修理（底盘）下册 .（内部资料）

23. 王沫然 .MATLAB6.0与科学计算 .电子工业出版社，2001

24. 四川省机械工业局 .复杂刀具设计手册 .机械工业出版社，1979

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内容简介：: 译文:Single Point Tools Single-point tools are cutting tools having one cutting part (or chip producing element) and one shank. They are commonly used in lathes, turret lathes, planers, shapers, boring mills, and similar machine tools. A typical single-point tool is illustrated in Fig.2.30. The most important features are the cutting edges and adjacent surfaces. These are shown in the figure and defined as follows:the face is the surface or surface over which the chip flows.The flank is the tool surface or surfaces over which the surface produced on the work-piece passes.The cutting edge is that edge of the face which is intended to perform cutting. The tool major cutting edge is that entire part of the cutting edge which is intended to be responsible for the transient surface on the work-piece. The tool minor cutting edge is the remainder of the cutting edge.The corner is the relatively small portion of the cutting edge at the junction of the major and minor cutting edges; it may be curved or straight, or it may be the actual intersection of these cutting edges.In general, when a tool is applied to a work-piece, its motion relativeto the work-piece has two components:The motion resulting form the primary motion of the machine tool, which can be called the primary motion of the tool.The motion resulting form the feed motion of the machine (Fig.2.31).The resultant of these two tool motions is called the resultant cutting motion and is defined as the motion resulting from simultaneous primary and feed motions.It should be noted that in machine tools where the feed is applied while the tool is not engaged with the work-piece (as in shaping or planning, for example ),the resultant cutting motion is identical to the primary motion. When the feed motion is applied continuously, the angle between the direction of primary motion and the resultant cutting direction is called the resultant cutting-speed angle. This angle is usually extremely small and for most practical purposes can be assumed to be zero. Further, the cutting speed , the instantaneous velocity of the primary motion of the selected point on the cutting edge relative to the work-piece, can vary along the major cutting edge. The feed speed , the instantaneous velocity of the feed motion of the selected point on the cutting edge relative to the work-piece, is constant.Finally, the resultant cutting speed ,the instantaneous velocity of the resultant cutting motion of the selected point on the cutting edge relative to the work-piece, is given by , ,but since for most practical operations is very small, it can generally be assumed that ,. One of the important tool angles when considering the geometry of a particular machining operation is the angle in Fig.2.32 called the major cutting-edge angle .The thickness of the layer of material being removed at the selected point on the cutting edge, known as the under-formed chip thickness chip thickness ,significantly affects the power required to perform the operation. Strictly, this dimension should be measured both normal to the cutting edge and normal to the resultant cutting direction. However, for all practical purposes, since is small, as described above, can be measured normal to the direction of primary motion; thus in Fig.2.32 and all subsequent figures, will be measured this way. From Fig.2.32, therefore, is given by , where is the feed engagement, the instantaneous engagement of the tool cutting edge with the work-piece measured in the direction of feed motion. For single-point cutting operations is equal to the feed, and therefore, .The cross-sectional area of the layer of material being removed (cross-sectional area of the uncut chip) is approximately giver by, ,where is the base engagement, previously known as depth of cut. The back engagement is the instantaneous engagement of the tool with the work-piece, measured perpendicular to the plane containing the directions of primary and feed motion(Fig.2.31). In general the back engagement determines the depth of material removed from the workpiece in a single point cutting operation.Jigs and FixturesIt has already been stated the work-piece must be located relative to the cutting tool, and be secured in that position. After the work-piece has been marked out, it is still necessary to position it with respect to the machine movement, and to clamp it in that position before machining is started.When several identical work-piece are to be produced the need to mark out each part is eliminated by the use of jigs and fixtures, but if a casting or forging is involve, a trail work-piece is marked out, to ensure that the work-piece can be produced from it, and to ensure that ribs, cores, etc. have not become misplaced.Jigs and fixtures are alike in that they both incorporate devices to ensure that the work-piece is correctly located and clamped, but they fifer in that they both incorporate means of tool guiding during the actual cutting operation, and fixtures do not. In practice ,the only cutting tools that can be guided while actually cutting are drills, reamers, and similar cutters; and so jigs are associated with drilling operations, and fixtures with all other operations. Fixtures may incorporate means of setting the cutting tools relative to the location system.The advantage of jigs and fixtures can be summarized as follows:1. marking out and measuring and setting out methods are eliminated;2. unskilled workers may proceed confidently and quickly in the knowledge that the work-piece can be positioned correctly, and the tools guided or set;3. the assembly of parts is facilitated, since all components will be identical within small limits, and trying and filing of work is eliminated;4. the parts will be interchangeable, and if the product is sold over a wide area, the problem of spare parts will be simplified.Bolt holes often have 1.5mm or even 3.0mm clearance for the bolt, and reader may doubt the necessity of making precision jigs for such work. It must remembered that the jigs, once made, will be used on many components, and the extra cost of an accurately made jigs is spare over a large output. Further more, it is surprising how small errors accumulate in a mechanism during its assembly. When a clearance is specified, it is better to ensure its observance, rather than allow careless marking out and machining to encroach upon it.(1) the location of work-piece. Fig 2.27 represent a body that is completely free in space; in this condition it has six degrees of freedom. Consider these freedom, with respect to the three mutually perpendicular axes XX,YY and ZZ. The body can move along these axes; it therefore has three freedoms of translation. It can also rotate about any of the three axes; it therefore has three freedoms of rotation .the total number of freedoms is six. When work is located, as many of these freedoms as possible must be eliminated, to ensure that the operation is performed with the required accuracy. Accuracy is ensured by machining suitable location features as early as possible, and using them for all location, unless other considerations mean the other location features must be used. If it is necessary, the new location features must be machined as a result of location from the former location features.(2) The clamping of the work-piece. The clamping system must be such that the work-piece is held against the cutting forces, and the clamping force must not be so great as to cause the work-piece to become distorted or damaged. The work-piece must be supported beneath t

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