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喷液式化妆品瓶盖注塑模设计【12张CAD图纸+WORD毕业论文】【注塑模具类】

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关键词：: 喷液式化妆品瓶盖注塑设计 cad 图纸 word 毕业论文模具

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分析喷液式化妆品瓶盖塑件的结构特点，叙述了该塑件成型工艺、注射模的结构和工作原理，其原理是：采用定距螺钉和弹簧进行二次分型,用斜导柱外侧抽芯,型芯顶出零件,进料时采用潜伏式浇口进料形式,当开模的时候,用球头拉料杆把浇注系统凝料顶出,然后利用型芯内抽推板推出塑件,合模时用弹簧先复位, 然后进行下一次成型开始，提高了生产效率。

关键词注射模；定距螺钉；弹簧；斜导柱；侧抽芯；型芯；球头拉料杆；推板

毕业设计说明书（论文）外文摘要

Title Injection Molding Process And Mold Design

Abstract

Analysis of spray type cosmetic bottle the structure characteristics of the plastic part, The molding process, the injection mold structure and working principle，The principle is : the use of fixed pitch screw and spring for two times, with inclined guide pillar side core pulling, core ejector parts, feed uses the ambush type gate feed form, when the mould when pulling rod, ball head gating system condensate is expected to top, then use type core slide board with the plastic parts, mold clamping spring to reset, then the next molding began. Improve production efficiency.

Keywords Injection mold; pitch of screws; spring; inclined guide pillar; core; core; ball puller; push plate

前言1

第一章绪论3

1.1产品概绪3

1.2课题介绍8

第二章塑件工艺分析10

2.1 塑件材料及其工艺特性分析10

2.1.1塑件材料基本特性10

2.1.2成型工艺条件10

2.1.3塑件材料用途11

2.2塑件结构工艺分析11

2.2.1 结构分析11

2.2.2尺寸精度分析11

2.2.3表面质量分析12

2.2.4方案确定12

第三章注射机型号的确定13

3.1计算塑件的体积和质量13

3.2塑件注射工艺参数的确定15

第四章注射模的结构设计16

4.1分型面选择16

4.2确定型腔的排列方式17

4.3浇注系统设计18

4.4主流道设计18

4.5分流道设计19

4.6浇口设计20

4.7成型零件的结构设计22

4.7.1凹模的结构设计22

4.7.2凸模结构设计23

4.8合模导向机构的设计24

4.8.1导柱的设计24

4.8.2导套的设计25

第五章模具设计的有关计算26

5.1型腔和型芯工作尺寸计算26

5.2型腔侧壁厚度和底版厚度计算27

5.2.1壁厚的计算27

5.2.2型腔底板厚度计算28

5.3模具加热和冷却系统的计算28

5.4模具闭合高度的确定31

第六章注射机有关工艺参数的校核32

6.1注射机最大开模行程与模具厚度无关时的校核32

6.2注射机最大开模行程与模具厚度有关时的校核32

6.3注射量校核33

6.4模具与注射机安装模具部分相关尺寸的校核34

6.5注射压力的校核34

6.6锁模力的校核34

6.7注射机安装模具部分的尺寸校核35

第七章绘制模具总装配图和非标零件工作图36

第八章注射模主要零件加工工艺规程的编制37

第九章设计小结38

谢　辞39

参考文献40

附录41

前言

在现代工业发展的进程中，模具的地位及其重要性日益被人们所认识。模具工业作为进入富裕社会的原动力之一，正推动着整个工业技术向前迈进！模具就是“高效益”，模具就是“现代化”之深刻含意，也正在为人们所理解和掌握。当塑料品种入其成型加工设备被确定之后，塑料制品质量的优劣及生产效率的高低，模具因素约占80％。由此可知，推动模具技术的进步应刻不容缓！塑料模具设计技术与制造水平，常标志一个国家工业化发展的程度。由此可知，塑料模具设计，对于产品质量与产量的重要性是不言而喻的。

对于一个机械专业的毕业生来说，对塑料模的设计已经有了一个大概的了解。此次毕业设计，培养了我综合运用多学科理论、知识和技能，以解决较复杂的工程实际问题的能力，主要包括设计、实验研究方案的分析论证，原理综述，方案方法的拟定及依据材料的确定等。它培养了我树立正确的设计思想，勇于实践、勇于探索和开拓创新的精神，掌握现代设计方法，适应社会对人才培养的需要。

毕业设计这一教学环节使我独立承担实际任务的全面训练，通过独立完成毕业设计任务的全过程，培养了我的实践工作能力。另外，毕业设计必须具备一定的计算机应用的能力，在设计过程中都应结合设计课题利用利用UG 软件进行塑件的3D塑件分模，同时还具备必要的计算机绘图能力，如利用AutoCAD进行二维图的绘制。

在这个过程之中，首先是对零件的分析，消化现有的资料，对设计的目的和要求有一个大致的了解；然后是大致测量零件的尺寸着手画出实物的零件图，利用所学知识分析出零件的凸模和凹模；查找手头的资料进行相关数据的计算，根据所得数据画出草图，检查和核对之后绘制零件的装备图；最后分析总结，写出自己的设计思路，设计过程和设计体会。

此次毕业设计除了对知识和能力培养的收获感受外，还得到思想道德方面的锻炼。通过这次毕业设计，让我感受到了作为一名高级工程技术人员应该具备的基本精神，需要强化的工程实践意识，以及对设计工作的质量要负责，具有高度的责任感，树立实事求是的科学作风，并严格遵守规章制度。

本次毕业设计我主要是完成喷液式化妆品瓶盖的造型以及其模具设计。在本设计中，从塑料原材料的选用出发，对成型设备的选择、对成型模具的设计与制造和成型工艺的制定等几个必要的环节进行了设计。由于设计水平有限、时间仓促，此设计说明书中难免有错误和欠妥之处，恳请各位老师批评指正。

第一章绪论

1.1产品概绪

1.塑料及塑料工业的发展

塑料是以树脂为主要成分的高分子有机化合物，简称高聚物。塑料其余成分包括增塑剂、稳定剂、增强剂、固化剂、填料及其它配合剂。

塑料制件在工业中应用日趋普遍，这是由于它的一系列特殊的优点决定的。塑料密度小、质量轻，大多数塑料的密度都1.0～1.4g/㎝3之间，相当于钢材密度的0.11和铝材密度的0.5左右，所以有以“塑代钢”的优点。塑料比强度高；绝缘性能好，介电损耗低，是电子工业不可缺少的原材料；塑料的化学稳定性高，对酸、碱和许多化学药品都有很好的耐腐蚀能力；塑料还有很好的减摩、耐磨及减震、隔音性能也较好。因此，塑料跻身于金属、纤维材料和硅酸盐三大传统材料之列，在国民经济中，塑料制件已成为各行各业不可缺少的重要材料之一。

塑料工业的发展阶段大致分为一下及个阶段：

初创阶段 30年代以前，科学家研制分醛、硝酸纤维和聚酰胺等热塑料，他们的工业化特征是采用间歇法、小批量生产。

发展阶段 30年代，低密度聚乙烯、聚氯乙烯等塑料的工业化生产，奠定了塑料工业的基础，为其进一步发展开辟了道路。

飞跃阶段 50年代中期到60年代末，塑料的产量和数量不断增加，成型技术更趋于完善。

稳定增长阶段 70年代以来，通过共聚、交联、共混、复合、增强、填充和发泡等方法来改进塑料性能，提高产品质量，扩大应用领域，生产技术更趋合理。塑料工业向着自动化、连续化、产品系列化，以及不断拓宽功能性和塑料的新领域发展。

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内容简介：: 模具设计与制造模具是制造业的重要工艺基础，在我国模具制造属于专用设备制造业。中国虽然很早就开始制造模具和使用模具，但长期未形成产业。直到20世纪80年代后期，中国模具工业才驶入发展的快车道。近年，不仅国有模具企业有了很大发展，三资企业、乡镇（个体）模具企业的发展也相当迅速。虽然中国模具工业发展迅速，但与需求相比，显然供不应求，其主要缺口集中于精密、大型、复杂、长寿命模具领域。由于在模具精度、寿命、制造周期及生产能力等方面，中国与国际平均水平和发达国家仍有较大差距，因此，每年需要大量进口模具。中国模具产业除了要继续提高生产能力，今后更要着重于行业内部结构的调整和技术发展水平的提高。结构调整方面，主要是企业结构向专业化调整，产品结构向着中高档模具发展，向进出口结构的改进，中高档汽车覆盖件模具成形分析及结构改进、多功能复合模具和复合加工及激光技术在模具设计制造上的应用、高速切削、超精加工及抛光技术、信息化方向发展。近年，模具行业结构调整和体制改革步伐加大，主要表现在，大型、精密、复杂、长寿命、中高档模具及模具标准件发展速度高于一般模具产品；塑料模和压铸模比例增大；专业模具厂数量及其生产能力增加；“三资”及私营企业发展迅速；股份制改造步伐加快等。从地区分布来看，以珠江三角洲和长江三角洲为中心的东南沿海地区发展快于中西部地区，南方的发展快于北方。目前发展最快、模具生产最为集中的省份是广东和浙江，江苏、上海、安徽和山东等地近几年也有较大发展。虽然我国模具总量目前已达到相当规模，模具水平也有很大提高，但设计制造水平总体上落后于德、美、日、法、意等工业发达国家许多。当前存在的问题和差距主要表现在以下几方面：（1）总量供不应求，国内模具自配率只有70%左右。其中低档模具供过于求，中高档模具自配率只有50%左右。（2）企业组织结构、产品结构、技术结构和进出口结构均不合理。我国模具生产厂中多数是自产自配的工模具车间（分厂），自产自配比例高达60%左右，而国外模具超过70%属商品模具。专业模具厂大多是“大而全”、“小而全”的组织形式，而国外大多是“小而专”、“小而精”。国内大型、精密、复杂、长寿命的模具占总量比例不足30%，而国外在50%以上。2004年，模具进出口之比为3.7:1，进出口相抵后的净进口额达13.2亿美元，为世界模具净进口量最大的国家。（3）模具产品水平大大低于国际水平，生产周期却高于国际水平产品水平低主要表现在模具的精度、型腔表面粗糙度、寿命及结构等方面。（4）开发能力较差，经济效益欠佳，我国模具企业技术人员比例低，水平较低，且不重视产品开发，在市场中经常处于被动地位。我国每个模具职工平均年创造产值约合1万美元，国外模具工业发达国家大多是1520万美元，有的高达2530万美元，与之相对的是我国相当一部分模具企业还沿用过去作坊式管理，真正实现现代化企业管理的企业较少。造成上述差距的原因很多，除了历史上模具作为产品长期未得到应有的重视，以及多数国有企业机制不能适应市场经济之外，还有下列几个原因：（1）国家对模具工业的政策支持力度还不够，虽然国家已经明确颁布了模具行业的产业政策，但配套政策少，执行力度弱。目前享受模具产品增值税的企业全国只有185家，大多数企业仍旧税负过重。模具企业进行技术改造引进设备要缴纳相当数量的税金，影响技术进步，而且民营企业贷款十分困难。（2）人才严重不足，科研开发及技术攻关投入太少，模具行业是技术、资金、劳动密集的产业，随着时代的进步和技术的发展，掌握并且熟练运用新技术的人才异常短缺，高级模具钳工及企业管理人才也非常紧张。由于模具企业效益欠佳及对科研开发和技术攻关重视不够，科研单位和大专院校的眼睛盯着创收，导致模具行业在科研开发和技术攻关方面投入太少，致使模具技术发展步伐不大，进展不快。（3）工艺装备水平低，且配套性不好，利用率低，近年来我国机床行业进步较快，已能提供比较成套的高精度加工设备，但与国外装备相比，仍有较大差距。虽然国内许多企业已引进许多国外先进设备，但总体的装备水平比国外许多企业低很多。由于体制和资金等方面的原因，引进设备不配套，设备与附件不配套现象十分普遍，设备利用率低的问题长期得不到较妥善的解决。（4）专业化、标准化、商品化程度低，协作能力差，由于长期以来受“大而全”“小而全”影响，模具专业化水平低，专业分工不细致，商品化程度低。目前国内每年生产的模具，商品模具只占40%左右，其余为自产自用。模具企业之间协作不畅，难以完成较大规模的模具成套任务。模具标准化水平低，模具标准件使用覆盖率低也对模具质量、成本有较大影响，特别是对模具制造周期有很大影响。（5）模具材料及模具相关技术落后，模具材料性能、质量和品种问题往往会影响模具质量、寿命及成本，国产模具钢与国外进口钢材相比有较大差距。塑料、板材、设备性能差，也直接影响模具水平的提高。目前，我国经济仍处于高速发展阶段，国际上经济全球化发展趋势日趋明显，这为我国模具工业高速发展提供了良好的条件和机遇。一方面，国内模具市场将继续高速发展，另一方面，模具制造也逐渐向我国转移以及跨国集团到我国进行模具采购趋向也十分明显。因此，放眼未来，国际、国内的模具市场总体发展趋势前景看好，预计中国模具将在良好的市场环境下得到高速发展，我国不但会成为模具大国，而且一定逐步向模具制造强国的行列迈进。“十一五”期间，中国模具工业水平不仅在量和质的方面有很大提高，而且行业结构、产品水平、开发创新能力、企业的体制与机制以及技术进步的方面也会取得较大发展。模具技术集合了机械、电子、化学、光学、材料、计算机、精密监测和信息网络等诸多学科，是一个综合性多学科的系统工程。模具技术的发展趋势主要是模具产品向着更大型、更精密、更复杂及更经济的方向发展，模具产品的技术含量不断提高，模具制造周期不断缩短，模具生产朝着信息化、无图化、精细化、自动化的方向发展，模具企业向着技术集成化、设备精良化、产批品牌化、管理信息化、经营国际化的方向发展。模具行业在“十一五”期间需要解决的重点关键技术应是模具信息化、数字化技术和精密、超精、高速、高效制造技术方面的突破，随着国民经济总量和工业产品技术的不断发展，各行各业对模具的需求量越来越大，技术要求也越来越高。虽然模具种类繁多，但其发展重点应该是既能满足大量需要，又有较高技术含量，特别是目前国内尚不能自给，需大量进口的模具和能代表发展方向的大型、精密、复杂、长寿命模具。模具标准件的种类、数量、水平、生产集中度等对整个模具行业的发展有重大影响。因此，一些重要的模具标准件也必须重点发展，而且其发展速度应快于模具的发展速度，这样才能不断提高我国模具标准化水平，从而提高模具质量，缩短模具生产周期，降低成本。由于我国的模具产品在国际市场上占有较大的价格优势，因此对于出口前景好的模具产品也应作为重点来发展。根据上述需要量大、技术含量高、代表发展方向、出口前景好的原则选择重点发展产品，而且所选产品必须目前已有一定技术基础，属于有条件、有可能发展起来的产品。The mold designing and manufacturingThe mold is the manufacturing industry important craft foundation, in our country, the mold manufacture belongs to the special purpose equipment manufacturing industry. China although very already starts to make the mold and the use mold, but long-term has not formed the industry. Straight stabs 0 centuries 80s later periods, the Chinese mold industry only then drives into the development speedway. Recent years, not only the state-owned mold enterprise had the very big development, the three investments enterprise, the villages and towns (individual) the mold enterprises development also rapid quietly.Although the Chinese mold industrial development rapid, but compares with the demand, obviously falls short of demand, its main gap concentrates precisely to, large-scale, is complex, the long life mold domain. As a result of in aspect and so on mold precision, life, manufacture cycle and productivity, China and the international average horizontal and the developed country still had a bigger disparity, therefore, needed massively to import the mold every year .The Chinese mold industry must continue to sharpen the productivity, from now on will have emphatically to the profession internal structure adjustment and the state-of-art enhancement. The structure adjustment aspect, mainly is the enterprise structure to the specialized adjustment, the product structure to center the upscale mold development, to the import and export structure improvement, center the upscale automobile cover mold forming analysis and the structure improvement, the multi-purpose compound mold and the compound processing and the laser technology in the mold design manufacture application, the high-speed cutting, the super finishing and polished the technology, the information direction develops .The recent years, the mold profession structure adjustment and the organizational reform step enlarges, mainly displayed in, large-scale, precise, was complex, the long life, center the upscale mold and the mold standard letter development speed is higher than the common mold product; The plastic mold and the compression casting mold proportion increases; Specialized mold factory quantity and its productivity increase; The three investments and the private enterprise develops rapidly; The joint stock system transformation step speeds up and so on. Distributes from the area looked, take Zhejiang Delta and Yangtze River delta as central southeast coastal area development quickly to mid-west area, south development quickly to north. At present develops quickest, the mold produces the most centralized province is Guangdong and Zhejiang, places such as Jiangsu, Shanghai, Anhui and Shandong also has a bigger development in recent years.Although our country mold total quantity had at present achieved the suitable scale, the mold level also has the very big enhancement, after but design manufacture horizontal overall rise and fall industry developed country and so on Yu De, America, date, France, Italy many. The current existence question and the disparity mainly display in following several aspects:(1) The total quantity falls short of demand Domestic mold assembling one rate only, about 70%. Low-grade mold, center upscale mold assembling oneself rate only has 50% about.(2) the enterprise organizational structure, the product structure, the technical structure and the import and export structure does not gatherin our country mold production factory to be most is from the labor mold workshop which produces assembles oneself (branch factory), from produces assembles oneself the proportion to reach as high as about 60%, but the overseas mold ultra 70% is the commodity mold. The specialized mold factory mostly is large and complete, small and entire organization form, but overseas mostly is small but, is specially small and fine. Domestic large-scale, precise, complex, the long life mold accounts for the total quantity proportion to be insufficient 30%, but overseas in 50% above 2004 years, ratio of the mold import and export is 3.7:1, the import and export balances the after net import volume to amount to 1.32 billion US dollars, is world mold net import quantity biggest country .(3) The mold product level greatly is lower than the international standardThe production cycle actually is higher than the international water broad product level low mainly to display in the mold precision, cavity aspect and so on surface roughness, life and structure.(4) Develops the ability badly, economic efficiency unsatisfactory our country mold enterprise technical personnel proportion lowThe level is lower, also does not take the product development, and is frequent in the passive position in the market. Our country each mold staff average year creation output value approximately, ten thousand US dollars, overseas mold industry developed country mostly 15 to10, 000 US dollars, some reach as high as 25 to10, 000 US dollars, relative is our country quite part of molds enterprises also continues to use the workshop type management with it, truly realizes the enterprise which the modernized enterprise manages few To create the above disparity the reason to be very many, the mold long-term has not obtained the value besides the history in as the product which should have, as well as the most state-owned enterprises mechanism cannot adapt the market economy, but also has the following several reasons: .(1) Country to mold industry policy support dynamics also insufficientlyAlthough the country already was clear about has promulgated the mold profession industrial policy, but necessary policy few, carried out dynamics to be weak. At present enjoyed the mold product increment duty enterprise nation 185; the majority enterprise still the tax burden is only overweight. The mold enterprise carries on the technological transformations introduction equipment to have to pay the considerable amount the tax money, affects the technology advancement, moreover privately operated enterprise loan extremely difficult.(2) Talented person serious insufficient, the scientific research development and the technical attack investment too urine mold profession is the technology, the fund, the work crowded industry, along with the time progress and the technical development, grasps the talented person which and skilled utilizes the new technology exceptionally short, the high-quality mold fitter and the enterprise management talent extremely is also anxious. Because the mold enterprise benefit unsatisfactory and takes insufficiently the scientific research development and the technical attack, the scientific research unit and the universities, colleges and institutes eye stares at is creating income, causes the mold profession invests too few in the scientific research development and the technical attack aspect, causes the mold technological development step doe not to be big, progresses does not be quick.(3) The craft equipment level is low, also is not good, the using factor is low. Recent years ,our country engine bed profession progressed quickly, has been able to provide the quite complete precision work equipment, but compared with the overseas equipment, still had a bigger disparity. Although the domestic many enterprises have introduced many overseas advanced equipment, but the overall equipment level low are very more than the overseas many enterprises. As a result of aspect the and so on system and fund reason, introduces the equipment not necessary, the equipment and the appendix not necessary phenomenon are extremely common, the equipment utilization rate low question cannot obtain the comparatively properly solution for a long time .(4) Specialization, standardization, commercialized degree low, the cooperation ability Because receives large and complete small and entire the influence since long ago, mold specialization level low, the specialized labor division is not careful, the commercialized degree is low. At present domestic every year produces mold, commodity mold minister 40% about, other for from produce uses for oneself. Between the molds enterprise cooperates impeded, completes the comparatively large-scale mold complete task with difficulty. Mold standardization level low, mold standard letter use cave rare is low also to the mold quality, the cost has a more tremendous influence, specially has very tremendous influence.(5) To the mold manufacture cycle) the mold material and the mold correlation technology fall The mold material performance, the quality and the variety question often can affect the mold quality, the life and the cost, the domestically produced molding tool steel and overseas imports the steel products to compare has a bigger disparity. Plastic, plate, equipment energy balance, also direct influence mold level enhancement.At present, our country economy still was at the high speed development phase, on the international economical globalization development tendency is day by day obvious, this has provided the good condition and the opportunity for the our country mold industry high speed development. On the one hand, the domestic mold market will continue high speed to develop, on the other hand, the mold manufacture also gradually will shift as well as the transnational group to our country carries on the mold purchase trend to our country extremely to be also obvious. Therefore, will take a broad view the future, international, the domestic mold market overall development tendency prospect will favor, estimated the Chinese mold will obtain the high speed development under the good market environment, our country not only can become the mold great nation, moreover certainly gradually will make the powerful nation to the mold the ranks to make great strides forward. 15 period, the Chinese mold industry level not only has the very big enhancement in the quantity and the archery target aspect, moreover the profession structure, the product level, the development innovation ability, enterprises system and the mechanism as well as the technology advancement aspect also can obtain a bigger development .The mold technology has gathered the machinery, the electron, chemistry, optics, the material, the computer, the precise monitor and the information network and so on many disciplines, is a comprehensive nature multi-disciplinary systems engineering. The mold technology development tendency mainly is the mold product to larger-scale, precise, more complex and a more economical direction develops, the mold product technical content unceasingly enhances, the mold manufacture cycle unceasingly reduces, the mold production faces the information, is not having the chart, is fine, the automated direction develops, the mold enterprise to the technical integration, the equipment excellent, is producing approves the brand, the management information, the management internationalization direction develops. Mold profession in 十15 period needs to solve the key essential technology should be the mold information, the digitized technology and precise, ultra fine, high speed, the highly effective manufacture technology aspect brea

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