高考英语单项选择精英练习题（9）.doc

2014高考英语单项选择精英练习题（9）及答案单项填空是多年来高考试题中一直采用的一种题型。纵观历届高考试题，我们不难发现，单项填空按所考查的知识内容大致可以分为六类题型，即：语法结构类、固定搭配类、词语辨析类、上下文语境类、情景交际类和逻辑推理类。单项填空考查的知识点主要包括名词、代词、冠词、形容词、副词、动词短语、动词时态及语态、非谓语动词、情态动词、虚拟语气、定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句、强调句型、倒装句、省略句和情景交际等。近年来单项填空的题干设计越来越贴近生活。语言更加灵活。它既要求考生对英语语法知识、词语知识的记忆、理解、掌握和运用，又要求考生能够根据题干所给的语境条件进行分析、对比，灵活地运用各项英语基础知识。因此要做好单项填空题，考生除了在平时的学习中做好基础知识的积累外，还需要掌握一定的答题技巧，提高答题的准确率。122 解题策略1利用“有效信息”解题单项填空题题干中某些句子或短语会为选择答案提供必要信息，它对选择正确答案起着决定性的作用，我们称这些句子或短语为“有效信息”。2利用“英汉语言差异”解题近年来，日常交际用语仍然是单项填空题考查的重点之一。而且，这种题在许多情况下是以英汉两种语言表达习惯的不同来命题的。解答这类题时，切记要摒弃中文思维。3利用“语法分析法”解题单项填空题常考的语法项目有：时态和语态、非谓语动词、句式结构等。这类题许多情况下是放在一定的语言环境中来进行考查的。如果我们能结合试题的语言环境，并运用语法分析法，就会使很多难题迎刃而解。 4利用“标点提示”解题标点符号虽小，但可以提供很多信息。例如：疑问句之后要用问号；感叹句之后要用感叹号；句中有逗号，可提示此处有可能为非限制性定语从句，也有可能为非谓语动词作状语等等。所以，由标点符号人手，我们可以确定做单项填空题的解题思路，从而既快捷又准确地获得答案。123 考点知识精讲（一）语境分析法做这类题时，应注意充分了解上下文的句子结构；结合选项，分析句子的主干部分，采用此法，要注意语法和语境两个方面。例：we first met on a train in 2000.we both felt immediately that we each other for years .a.knew b.have known c.had known d.know 【答案与解析】此题考查动词的时态。根据题干所提供的信息，首先弄清说话谈论过去的事情，因此用过去时，排除、两项，然后考虑动词know发生在felt之前，即过去完成时。（二）语境交际法情景交际类试题，一定会有具体的语境。只要把语境分析清楚，就不难选出正确答案。此类题型一是要注意中西方文化的差异，二是要注意对话的语境与相应的作答，三是要注意对话所处的场合、环境及所属类型，四是注意相关句式在交际中的作用及上下文的内在联系。例：sorry ,i made a mistake again . .practice more and youll succeed .2008全国a.never mind b.certainly not c.not at all d.dont mention it 【答案与解析】certainly not 常用来回答别人问是否介意的问题；not at all 和dont mention it 用于别从致谢时的答语。只有never mind 符合语境。句意“对不起，我又出错了。”“没关系，多练习，你就会成功的。”这里考查别人致歉时如何安慰对方。（三）关键词语法顾名思义，这种方法就是找出题干中的关键词语和句子成分，联系选项的意思，从而做出正确的选择。例：did you return freds call ?i didnt need to ill see him tomorrow .a.though b.unless c.when d.because 【答案与解析】本题考查连词的用法。题干中答语意为“我不需要回电话，因为我明天就会见到他”，这里的关键词是didnt need ,可以推断应该选择一个表示原因的连词。（四）分析比较法对所给试题的语法知识和语境进行比较分析，弄清楚题干的真正意思，然后联系上下文，进行结构分析并作出正确的判断。例：einstein liked boses paper so much that he his own work and translated it into german .a.gave off b.turned downc.took over d.set aside 【答案与解析】此题考查短语的用法。题意为：受因斯坦很喜欢 bose 的论文以至于他把自己的工作置于一旁，把它翻译成德语。set aside “不顾；把置于一旁”；give off “发出，放出”；turn down “拒绝”；take over “接收，接管”。（五）对号入座法将自己掌握的词组意思与题干及选项之间的关系对照分析，然后将各个选项直接代入空格检查。从而选出正确答案。after studying in a medical college for five years,jane her job as a doctor in the countryside.a.set out b.took over c.took up d.set up 【答案与解析】句意：简在医学院学习五年后，在乡村当了一名医生。set out“出发，开始”；take over “接收，接管；take up “拿起，开始从事”；set up “设立，竖立”。只有选项符合语境。（六）还原法注意题干和选项的结构干扰。出题人可能会调整试题结构，如加入插入语，用疑问句、倒装句、省略句等使简单句复杂化，以增加干扰。解这类题只需要将句子进行还原，其结构便非常明了。for many cities in the world , there is no room to spread out further , new york is an example .a.for which b.in which c.of which d.from which 【答案与解析】本题考查非限制性定语从句。从句还原后成为“new youk is an example of many cities ”，所以用介词of。（七）排除法若有插入成分如i like , do you consider ,she sold me , to tell you the truth , in my opinion ,you know 等成分，分析句子成分时，可以将它们从句子中排除，使分裂的句子主干部分连接起来，使句子结构更加明了，这样就可以排除与句子意义和结构无关的选项。was most important to her , she told me ,was her family .a.it b.this c.what d.as 【答案与解析】此题考查引导主语从句的连词的选择。解此题的关键在于看出she told me 是插入语，将其去掉后，句子的主干部分应是what was most important to her was her family （对她来说最重要的是她的家庭），第二个was 是整个句子的谓语动词。所选词是用来引导主语从句，故可排除项和项。as 不能引导主语从句，也可排除。what 引导名词性从句在从句中作主语。（八）补全法补全法是解答高考英语单项填空题常用的一种方法，要求考生根据句意，将句子中省略的成分补上，然后再分析句子结构，从而找出答案。can those at the back of the classroom hear me ?a.seat b.sit c.seated d.sat 【答案与解析】考查非谓语动词中过去分词作后置定语的用法，该过去分词相当于定语从句，这里省略了who are ，补全后就成了those who are seated 。（九）逆向思维法克服思维定势的影响，换一个角度去思考问题，从后面所给的信息中提取与前面有关的信息并加以运用达到前后统一。he football regularly for many years when he was young .a.was playing b.played c.has played d.had played 【答案与解析】该题考查考生对题干中句子含义的理解以及对动词时态的掌握情况。由题干中的“for many years ”很多同学推断出应为现在完成时，但“for many years ”很多同学推断出应为现在完成时，但“when he was young ”这个时间状语表明“他”打球是过去式，未持续到现在。由“regularly”可知“他”过去经常打球，是一种过去的习惯性的动作，因此排除项。was playing 意为“正在打”；项为过去完成时，表“过去的过去”，本题并无此意。因此正确答案应为项。（十）逻辑推理法仔细分析题干，全面整合语境中的所有信息，然后根据语法知识和事理逻辑，推断出句子想要表达正确含义，从而找出正确答案。have you got any particular plans for the coming holiday ?yes , ,im going to visit some home s for the old in the city .a. if ever b.if busy c.if anything d.if possible 【答案与解析】if ever “如果曾有过的话”,（例如she seldom , if ever ,goes to the cinema “她难得看电影。”if busy 根据题意，是if i am busy 的省略，与下文语意矛盾；if anything 意思是“如果有什么的话”；if possible “如果可能的话”。题意为“如果可能的话，我将去城里的一些老年之家看看。”这四个选项都是相应的状语从句省略，其中if ever ,if anything ,if possible 已经成为固定结构，需要我们在平时的学习中了解其用法。（十一）文化背景分析法有些口语和说法完全来源于英语国家人们的语言习惯，是约定的。解题时要结合西方人的文化背景及风俗习惯。say , jane ,will you come with me to the game this friday ? , boy ,but i promised mary id go with her .a.my pleasure b.thanks c.take it easy d.forget it 【答案与解析】此题考查情景对话。对于对方的邀请表示感谢并委婉拒绝。情景对话要从礼貌出发。my pleasure 相当于its my pleasure ，用于回答对方的感谢。take it easy 意为“别着急，慢慢来”。forget it 意为“算了吧，别再提了”，常用于回答别人的感谢和道歉。（十二）综合分析法有些题目仅凭逻辑分析还难以找出答案，必须综合语法和事理逻辑进行分析，甚至兼用排除法等，才能解决问题。teenagers their health because they play computer games too much .a.have damaged b.are damagingc.damaged d.will damage 【答案与解析】本题考查现在进行时态的用法。根据句子后面的时态“because they play computer games too much ”和该句意思来进行综合分析后，可以推断出主句应该是现在一直在做的动作，故答案为项。阅读理解-专题探究：阅读理解topic或title题型专题详解：加标题类文章常见的设题形式有： which of the following would be the most appro priate title for the passage? the best title for this passage would be/might be/ is what might be the best title of this passage? the title that best expresses the ideas of this pas sage is 文章的标题(title)是文章的眼睛，通过这双“眼睛”我们可以略知文章大意。好的文章通常有一个好的标题。怎样给文章加一个合适的标题呢? 文章的标题实际上是对文章大意最简洁的慨括，标题与文章大意息息相关。给文章加一个适当的标题，首先要把握好文章的大意。不能把文章某一段的大意看作是整篇文章的大意，更不能把文章的细节看成是文章的大意，从而给文章加上一个观点片面的标题。 其次，给文章加一个合适的标题还应抓住文章的主题句。因为文章的大意和文章的主题句总是一脉相承的。主题句通常在文章的开头，也有的在中间或结尾。抓住了主题句就抓住了文章的灵魂。再次，给文章加标题应注意文章的体裁及写作目的。叙事类的文章是为了记叙件事，一个人物，表达作者的某种感情，所加标题应体现叙事类文章的特点；说明文是为了说明一个事物或过程，标题应体现说明文的特点。另外对于一些幽默类的文章应挖掘其深层含义，给文章加一个合适的标题体现出文章幽默的特点。考题1 it was very difficult to find jobs in the northeast of england, and when john lost his job, he found it impossible to get a new one. he had soon spent all his money, so he decided to go down to the south of the country, where he had heard that things were better and that it was easier to find a job. the best way to go there was by train, so he went to the rail- way station and got into a train which was going to london. he was the only passenger in his compartment (车厢)when another man came in carrying a gun and said to him, your money or your life! i havent a penny. john answered in fear. why are you trembling so much?the man with gun asked angrily. because i thought you were the ticket collector and i havent even got a ticket, answered john. the best title is a. john was robbed b. robber withgun c. poor john d. money and life考题2 new york can be a very dangerous city especially at night. many people do not go out alone into the streets after dark. this problem is even worse for women. one new yorker found an unusual answer to the prob- lem, as a singer, she has to drive alone to the club late at night. then she has to drive home after the show. the singer needs a friend, so she has got herself bob-a balloon that looks like a man. it sits in the passenger seat of her car while she drives at night. people in the street think the woman driver has a man with her and she feels safe. the best title is a. a dangerous city b. a woman singer c. a woman driver d. a balloon boyfriend考题1点拨：答案为c。这篇文章选poor john这一标题恰如其分。poor john这个标题有两个方面的含义。一是john失业了身无分文，经济拮据，实在很穷；二是就是这么一个身无分文的john竞遭遇抢劫。让人感到可怜。考题2点拨：答案为d。“气球男友”这一标题突出了文章主题，又有幽默感。总结提示：给文章加标题应注意文章标题本身的句法特征：一是简练，多数文章的标题言简意赅，而且引人注目；二是多用省略后的非句子形式。单项选择1.i advise you to stay away from maria. although she is usually easy-going, she _ quite annoying sometimes.a. canb. mayc. mustd. should2.recognized as _ world cultural heritage by the united nations in 2002, paper cutting is _ practice which originated in ancient china.a. the; a b. a; a c. the; the d. a; the3. although chatting on line has exploded in popularity in recent years, there is no _ for a face-to-face conversation. a. privilegeb. affectionc. substituted. adjustment 4. how old you grow is a factor that you can influence, _ that is determined by your lifestyle. a. whatb. onec. somethingd. anything5. the nobel prizes are to be given to the people or institutions who have achieved the most, _ which country they are from. a. in spite of b. in terms of c. in the form ofd. regardless of 6. a study of ancient writings and evidence _ that for the past 5,000 years, cats have been kept as pets. a. show b. showsc. showedd. had showed7. after graduation, hawking went on to do some of the most important scientific research ever _. a. carrying out b. carried out c. to be carried outd. was carried out8. the _ possibility of everyone having a home computer which will do everything for you is under discussion.a. absoluteb. permanentc. practicald. adequate9. some of the old beliefs passed down from one generation to another _ the present thinking.a. agree withb. deal withc. put up withd. come up with 10.he found it _ difficult to read, for his eyesight was beginning to fail. a. frequentlyb. merelyc. eventuallyd. increasingly11. the nationwide emergence alert system will be _ in the near future.a. on purposeb. in placec. on saled. in charge12.at first he refused to admit his guilt, but when he was shown the evidence he _ and confessed.a. broke downb. broke outc. broke ind. broke up13.one advantage of living in a high rise is that you can get a good _ of the city. a. sight b. scene c. view d. look 14.in our daily life, we often come across occasions _ we have to tell white lies to avoid hurting others.a. thatb. whichc. whend. where15.though she said she was not lonely, she wanted to find a friend _ her happiness and sorrow. a. with whom to share b. whom to share c. to share with d. who to share with参考答案 1-5 abcbd 6-10 bbcad 11-15 bacca16- good evening, mr. green. im sorry to bother you. but its fourth of december. - oh, mrs baxter, rent! im sorry its late. ill write you check right now.athe, thebthe, the, acthe, a, ada, the, a17 the problem of land erosion getting more serious, the local government is searching for a way to deal with it.aasbwithcwhendif 18the way he did it was different we were used to.ain whichbin whatcfrom whatdfrom which19mum my suggestion while dad spoke my idea.aturned off, in favor ofbturned down, in favor ofcturned down, in need ofdturned on, in hope of 20 the green valley, we thought we had reached the land.aseeing, promisedbseeing, promisingcseen, promisingdseen, promised21he kept a little notebook, in which the names and addresses of his friends.awrotebwritingcwas writtendwere written22- flight 321 . id better be on my way. bye. - bye, happy lan