【开学大礼包】高考英语一轮复习 Unit4Astronomy：thescienceofthestars限时训练 新人教版必修3.doc

unit 4(时间：40分钟满分：45分).单项填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)1i was trying to carry out the plan, but i failed.well, you_， for we were uncertain it would do_.(2012江苏扬州中学高三测试)aneednt do that；in factbneednt have done；in effectcneednt have；in practicedneednt；in time答案cneednt have done 没有必要做某事而做了，为避免重复，答语中可省略动词，只保留助动词have。in factin effect，实际上；in practice在实践中；in time 及时；迟早。句意：我试图实施这计划，但我失败了。哦，你本没有必要那么做，因为我们不确定在实践中它是否有效。2tom has agreed to let me use his computer to surf the internet, and_i m treating him to a good dinner at the newlybuilt restaurant just around the corner.ain charge bin placecin return din turn答案c考查介词短语的辨析。in charge负责；掌管；in place在适当的位置；in return 做为回报；in turn反过来。句意：汤姆同意我让我用他的电脑上网，做为回报，我要在拐角处新开的饭馆请他好好吃一顿。3we should do what we have to do_we can do what we want to do in the future.aso that bin casecfor fear that dnow that答案a考查状语从句的连接词。so that 因此；以便于；in case 以防；万一；for fear that 担心；now that 既然。句意：我们应该做那些不得不做的事以便于我们将来能做那些我们想做的事。4the computer system_suddenly while he was searching for information on the internet.(2012陕西西安市高三质检)abroke down bbroke outcbroke up dbroke in答案a考查动词短语的辨析。break down 出故障；break out(战争、火灾等)爆发；break up 解散；分手；break in 闯入。句意：他在网上查找信息时电脑系统突然坏了。5chinese president hu jintao called for an immediate ceasefire in libya_an even worse humanitarian crisis in the country at the brics summit in hainan province.ato prevent bto have preventedcpreventing dhaving prevented答案a考查动词不定式作目的状语。句意：在海南举行的金砖四国会议上中国主席胡锦涛呼吁利比亚立即停火以避免引起更严重的人道主义危机。6the school has developed an online system_ students can choose their own teachers.(2012山东省高考打靶卷)awhich bwhen cthat dwhere答案d考查定语从句的引导词。先行词为system，且在从句中作状语，故用where引导。句意：学校研发了一个网络系统，在这一系统中学生可以选择自己的老师。7we are all surprised to see him drive a benz.who knows_he got so much money to afford it?ahow bwhere cwhether dwhat答案a考查宾语从句的引导词。how表方式，符合句意及结构。句意：我们看到他开着奔驰都很吃惊。谁知道他是怎么挣到那么多钱的？8the discussion was held in a lively_with members talking freely to each other.aatmosphere bweathercsituation dphenomenon答案a考查名词词义的辨析。atmosphere气氛；氛围； weather 天气； situation情形；状况； phenomenon现象。句意：讨论在热烈的气氛中进行，成员自由地相互讨论。9give yourself 10% of_is left for your work and let me have the rest.awhich bthat cwhat dwhere答案c考查宾语从句的引导词。从句中缺少主语应用what 引导。句意：你做剩余工作的10%，让我做其他的。10we rent a beach house with two small rooms，_can serve as a kitchen.athe smaller of whichba smaller of whichcthe smaller of themdsmaller of that答案a考查定语从句的引导词。先行词为rooms，应用which引导；“the 比较级”表示两者之中“较的那一个”。句意：我们租了一座有两个房间的海滨房，其中较小的那个房间可用作厨房。11the manager had fallen asleep where he_，without undressing.(2012安徽合肥八中高三月考)awas laying bwas lyingchad laid dhad lied答案b考查动词辨析。lay放置；搁；产卵，其过去式、过去分词为laid，laid；lie 躺，其过去式、过去分词分别为lay，lain；lie说谎，其过去式、过去分词为lied，lied。句意：经理没脱衣服就在他躺着的地方睡着了。12sorry, im late for work.is that_you got stuck in a traffic jam again?awhy bhow cbecause dwhen答案c考查句型的辨析运用。this/that/it is because.那是因为，从句表示原因；this/that/it is why.那就是原因，从句表示结果。由语境可知c项正确。句意：对不起我上班晚了。那是因为你遇上了交通堵塞吗？13newyborn babies are good sleepers. the amount of their sleep is_that of adults.aseveral times larger thanba few times the size ofcas several times asda few times deeper than答案a考查比较级的用法。倍数的表达法之一是“倍数比较级than”，句子主语为the amount，表示数量，故应用large 或small来修饰，故a项正确。句意：新生婴儿睡眠很好。他们的睡眠时间是成年人的好几倍。14the two girls are so alike that strangers find_difficult to tell one from the other.ait bthem cher dthat答案a考查it作形式宾语。该句中find宾语为to tell one from the other。句意：那两个女孩长得那么像以至于陌生人发现很难把他们分开来。15im not good at singing ，you know._its just for fun.adont say so. bcome on.cwhat a pity! dcheer up.答案b考查情景交际。dont say so.不要这样说。不符合情景交际的特点； come on.得了吧；来吧； what a pity! 真可惜！真遗憾！ cheer up振作点。答语句意：来吧！我们只是玩。.完形填空(共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分)have you ever come across this thing？when a rather dirty，poorly dressed person kneels at your feet and reaches out his hands to beg for a few coins，do you hurry to go，not knowing what to do，or do you feel sad and hurriedly _16_ some money？what should our attitude _17_ beggars be？there can be _18_ question that the world is full of terribly sad stories.it _19_ be terrible to have no idea where our next meal is going to come from.it seems _20_ not to give some money to beggars._21_，most of the worlds great religions order us to be openhearted and _22_ what we have with those luckier than ourselves.but has the world changed？maybe what was morally right in the old days，_23_ one knew exactly who in the village had suffered misfortune and needed help，is no longer the best idea.quite a few people will not give some money to beggars.let us look at their _24_.firstly，some believe that many city beggars dress themselves up _25_ to look pitiable but actually make a good _26_.giving something to beggars only encourages this sort of evil(恶行)_27_，there is the worry that the money you give will be spent on beers，wines or drugs.thirdly，there is the opinion _28_ there is no real excuse for begging.one might be poor，_29_ that is no reason for losing ones sense of _30_ and selfdependence.related to this is the opinion that the problem should be handled by the government _31_ ordinary people.some people think beggars should go to the local government department and _32_ help.it is hard to come to any final conclusion：there are various _33_ and we must _34_ them differently.a few coins can save a life in some situations，and even if the money is wasted，that does not take away the moral goodness of the _35_.【解题导语】 当你在路上遇到一个人伸手向你乞讨时，你会怎么做呢？虽然很多人富于同情心而给予那个人帮助，但也有人认为我们应该区别对待向我们乞讨的人。16a.put away bhand over ctake in dget out答案bput away意为“把收起来放好”；hand over意为“把交给”；take in意为“吸入；欺骗”；get out意为“泄露”。根据文章的意思可知b项是正确答案。此处表示感觉很难过并急忙递过去一些钱。17a.at bin cover dtowards答案d考查固定搭配。attitude和towards是固定搭配。18a.no bsome cany dnot答案a考查语境。根据句意可知，此处表示世界充满悲惨故事这是毫无疑问的。所以只能选a。19a.must bcan cneed dmight答案a考查情态动词表推测的用法。本句是肯定句，所以can不合适。而根据句意可知，当你不知道你的下一顿饭在何方时，那生活肯定是非常悲惨的，所以要选择must。might表示可能性非常小；need不符合语境。20a.warmhearted bgenerousccruel dconsiderate答案c考查上下文的理解。根据上下文语境可知此处选c。cruel意为“残忍的”。21a.strangely bunluckily ccertainly dsurprisingly答案c考查语境。这里表示肯定的意思，故选c。22a.give bdonate cshare dcontribute答案c考查语境与固定短语。share.with.意为“共同承担，分享”，是固定搭配。23a.why bwhen cwhat dhow答案b考查定语从句。此处先行词为the old days，故用关系副词when。24a.arguments bquarrelscsayings dtalks答案a考查名词的辨析。argument意为“论点”；quarrel意为“争吵，拌嘴”；saying意为“格言”；talk意为“交谈”。根据句子意思可知a项是正确答案。25a.on show bon purposecfor fun dby accident答案b考查固定短语。根据语境可知选b。on show意为“在展出中”；on purpose意为“故意，有意地”；for fun意为“为了消遣”；by accident意为“偶然”。26a.money bcomfort cliving ddecision答案c考查固定短语。make a living是固定搭配，意为“谋生，养活自己”，符合句意。27a.secondly bsurely cpossibly dthen答案a考查上下文语境。根据上文中的firstly以及后面的thirdly可知此处选a。28a.what bwhether cthat dwhich答案c考查语法知识。the opinion后接的是that引导的同位语从句，用来解释说明前面的名词opinion的具体内容。29a.and bbut chowever dalthough答案b考查句意和句子的逻辑关系。根据句意可知，此处为转折关系，所以用but，而however是副词，不能连接句子。30a.goodness bpridecsecurity dresponsibility答案b根据句意可知，此处表示一个人可以贫困，但是不能失去自尊和自立。31a.rather than bor rathercother than dbut also答案a考查固定短语。rather than意为“而不是”，符合题意 。or rather意为“更确切地说”，表示进一步说明；other than意为“除以外”；but also一般和not only连用，意为“不但而且”。32a.produce breceive cearn doffer答案b考查语境中动词的辨析。receive help指客观上得到帮助。句意：乞丐应该找政府部门寻求帮助。33a.cases bevents cconditions dstates答案a考查语境。case在这里表示“具体情况，实例”，而condition表示“情况”时是不可数名词，作可数名词时意为“条件”。34a.go with bcommunicate withcdeal with dmeet with答案c考查语境与短语辨析。deal with“处理”符合句意。go with意为“与某物相配”；communicate with意为“与交流”；meet with意为“遭遇”。35a.giver breceivercvillager dgovernment答案a考查语境。根据句意可知，即使钱浪费了，给予者的善良是不可磨灭的。.阅读理解(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)yi suoyeon, an engineer from seoul, returned to earth on saturday after 11 days aboard the international space station (iss), along with russian cosmonaut yuri malenchenko and us astronaut peggy whitson.a technical problem turned a routine (常规) return to earth into a sharper than usual descent (下降) that tested the group members stamina and courage. they landed in the kazakh steppes ( 大草原) about 420km (260 miles) wide of their target.“during the descent there was some kind of fire outside the soyuz capsule because we were going through the atmosphere，” yi said.“at first i was afraid, but the two other guys looked okay, so i tried to look okay too.”yi smiled and joked her way through a 10minute news briefing at star city, the wooded sovietera cosmonaut training centre on the edge of moscow. however, malenchenko and whitson looked tired and thin after nearly six months in space. their answers were short and whitson needed support to balance when she walked.the 29yearold yi has become famous in south korea since the takeoff but she brushed this aside and said she has had little contact with friends or family since returning. “in fact, they are the heroes right now，” yi said, referring to malenchenko and whitson. “im just a beginner and a little ashamed to say that i am a hero.” she did, though, relate a more lighthearted incident on the iss.“i sang fly me to the moon” yi said about the 1950s pop song. “its my favorite song from university although at that time i didnt know i would be an astronaut.” the capsules socalled “ballistic” reentering made the group members face twice the usual pull from the centre of the earth. the flames yi described may have been caused by friction (摩擦) heating the capsule as it fell through the atmosphere.whitson told reporters that saturdays ballistic landing, was irregular but not an emergency.“the soyuz has been through its history very reliable and there has obviously been some issue in the last couple of descents which went ballistic, but im sure the engineers will determine what the problems are and get them fixed，” she said.in october, a soyuz capsule carrying malaysias first space tourist touched down about 200 km (125 miles) off_course in a similar ballistic landing caused by a technical problem.the soyuz is the worlds longestserving manned space capsule. an early version of the craft, the vostok, carried the first person into space in 1961.whitson, 48, has become the american with the longest amount of time in space with 377 days.【解题导语】 本文讲述yi suoyeon与另外两名宇航员在太空站11天后返回的不平凡经历。36whats the main idea of the passage? aflight in space is very dangerous.bnot everybody can go into space.cfearful landing tests the korean astronaut.dyi didnt know she would be an astronaut when she was young.答案c主旨大意题。令人恐惧的着陆让进入太空的韩国宇航员经受了一次考验。37the reason why yi suoyeon felt afraid at first was that_.aa fire was caused by the frictionbshe had no such experience beforecshe was not brave enoughdthe