2012考研《英语》大纲解析及备考指导汇总.doc

考研英语大作文写作攻略及必背模板句型范文第一节 主题句作文 1. 写作攻略 主题句作文也可以叫做段首句作文，要求考生将每段所给出主题句分别加以扩展，完成段落，然后由段落组成文章。主题句作文是目前较常用的一种出题方式，它不像一般正规文章那样要求具有开头段和结尾段，一般只给出三句主题句，所以属于一种简单的三段式作文。在写作这种题目的作文时，考生只要正确领悟每个主题句的意思，然后对每段的主题句进行阐述，内容应当展开，可以是对主题句的解释，可以是例证，也可以提供理由或细节。 在对主题句进行展开时，考生要学会如何取舍，有的观点见解独到或是非常精彩，但是在表达时会有问题，考生本身的英语水平可能无法把这个观点表达清楚，这时应该果断地放弃这一观点。因为考试要考生展现的是语言水平而不是思维的深度，考生在写作时应该尽量少暴露自己在语言上的不足。 2.必背模版句型 As far as I am concerned, I believe that. 至于我，我相信 Now it is widely acknowledged that. But I wonder whether. 目前大家广泛认为但我觉得 A close inspection of this argument would reveal how flimsy (groundless) it is. 仔细想想这个问题就会发现它其实毫无根据。 In all the discussion and debate over., one important fact is generally overlooked / neglected. 在所有就的讨论中，有一点总是被忽略。 There are a number of ways for us to keep fit. First,. Second .Finally . 有很多方法可以使我们保持健康。第一，第二，最后 One of the reasons given for.is that. What is also worth noticing is that. 关于的其中一个原因是，另外也值得我们注意。 Why are (is / do / did).? For one thing, . For another, . 为什么会？一方面另一方面 Taking into account of all these factors, we may reach the conclusion that . 考虑到所有这些因素，我们可以得出的结论。 A number of further facts may be added. 这些的例子还可以列举很多 Television is more than just an electronic appliance; it is a means of expression, as well as a vehicle for communication, and as such becomes a powerful tool for reaching other human beings. 电视不仅仅是一件电器；它是表达的手段和交流的载体，并因此成为联系他人的有力工具。 Television, the most pervasive and persuasive of modern technologies, marked by rapid change and growth, is moving into a new era, an era of extraordinary sophistication and versatility, which promises to reshape our lives and our world. 电视，这项以迅速变化和成长为标志的最普及和最有影响力的现代技术，正在步入一个新时代，一个极为成熟和多样化的时代，这将重塑我们的生活和世界。 The greater the population there is in a locality, the greater the need there is for water, transportation, and disposal of refuse. 一个地方的人口越多，对其水、交通和垃圾处理的需求就会越大。 Adler is correct in his assertion that education does not end with graduation. 阿得勒的这句话很正确，教育不能随着毕业而结束。 With the opening and reform policy being carried out, thousands upon thousands of foreign visitors are crowding into our country. They are eager to see this old mysterious land with a splendid culture of more than 5,000 years. 随着改革开放政策的贯彻执行，数以万计的外国游人涌入中国。他们渴望参观这个有着五千多年灿烂文化的神秘古国。 On no account can we ignore the value of knowledge. 我们绝对不能忽视知识的价值。 There is no denying the fact that air pollution is an extremely serious problem: we should take strong measures to deal with it. 无可否认，空气污染是一个极其严重的问题：我们应该采取有力措施来解决它。 In view of the seriousness of this problem, effective measures should be taken before things get worse. 考虑到问题的严重性，在事态进一步恶化之前，必须采取有效的措施。 3.必背经典范文 Title: The Computer (1) The computer is a wonderful machine. (2) Computers play an important role in our life. (3) However, many scientists dont think that computers will replace human beings completely. The Computer The computer is a wonderful machine. The invention of computers has greatly changed the way of our living, and is an important event in human history. Today it is used a great deal in various fields. Especially, it is useful in automatic control and data processing. And there is great tendency for the use of computer not only in offices but home as well. Computers play an important role in our life. They can do most of things people can do. They can give you information on buying and selling things. Provide you with suggestion of how to deal with certain illness and how to solve the problems you are faced with. There is no doubt that people can live much easier with the help of the computers. However, many scientists dont think that computers will replace human beings completely. No matter how clever they may become, computers are no more that an extension for human brain. It is human being who controls them. 题目：计算机 (1)计算机是非常好的机器。 (2)计算机在我们的生活中起着很大的作用。 (3)但是，很多科学家认为计算机不可能代替人类。 译文 计算机 计算机是非常好的机器。计算机的发明改变了我们的生活方式，是人类历史上的一件大事。 今天很多领域都用到了计算机，尤其是在自动化和资料处理方面。计算机已经不仅在办公室使用，而且越来越多的计算机走进了家庭。 计算机在我们的生活中起着很大的作用。人类做的事情它都可以做。计算机可以提供买卖的信息、可以为我们提供治疗某些疾病的信息，帮助我们解决问题。有了计算机的帮忙，生活变的更加容易。 但是，很多科学家认为计算机不可能代替人类。不论它们怎么聪明，计算机永远都是人脑的延伸，只能受人类的控制。第二节 提纲作文1. 写作攻略 提纲式作文中，为考生提供了题目和一个简单的写作提纲，从而将考生的写作控制在一定范围内。这类作文只要考查的内容一般包括：说明主题、分析原因或解释做法。作文题目中会提供：(1)标题；(2)提纲；(3)起始句。标题限定短文的基本发展方向，提纲规定短文的基本框架，起始句则提供短文的起点。考生应紧扣题目主题，并根据提纲提示的思路和要点展开段落。由于提供的写作提纲一般也为三段，所以考生也可以按照三段式作文将简单的提纲展为主题句，再按照主题句作文的写作方法将文章写成。 写提纲作文时的具体步骤： (1)认真研究所给提纲 考生要仔细领会提纲的含义，不能遗漏提纲要点，更不能错误理解提纲的意思。 (2)确定各段的主题句 考生应根据所给提纲写出各段的主题句，合格的主题句应具备以下要点： 意义完整 主题句结构要完整，即结构符合语法规则；意义要完整，即主题句是一个符合逻辑的完整句子。 表意清晰 主题句要清晰明确，不能使用意思含混的词语或句子。 内容具体 主题句的内容要明确具体，利于段落的展开。 用词贴切 主题句一定要用词准确，简明达意，为段落的拓展打好基础。 (3)逐步展开段落 段落写作应围绕自己列好的主题句进行，在写作过程中可稍加调整。 (4)检查与修改 检查考题所给提纲是否完整且准确地被表达于文章之中，如有偏差，应做出相应的修改。 2. 必背模版句型 It is often said that. 我们经常这么说 It goes without saying that. 毫无疑问 It can be easily proved that. 很容易被证明。 One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is. 与以上一点同样重要的是 I am of the opinion that. 我支持 The chief reason why .is that . 之所以的主要原因是 To take.for an example (instance) . 把作为一个例子 According to a latest study, it can be predicted. 最近的研究预测 Another special consideration in this case is that . 关于这件事还有一点值得考虑，那就是 This may be true, but we still have a problem with regard to. 这也许对，但关于我们仍然有一个问题。 Besides, we should not neglect that. 另外，我们不应该忽视 Therefore, these findings reveal the following information. 因此，这些发现揭示了以下信息 On account of this we can find that . 据此我们可以发现 Wonderful as A is, however, it has its own disadvantages too. 尽管A很优秀，但它也有自身的缺陷。 Among the most convincing reasons given, one should be mentioned. 在所有可信赖的理由中，有一个值得一提 Currently there is a widespread concern that. 目前，对于普遍关注。 There is no immediate solution to the problem of ., but .might be helpful. 关于解决没有快速的办法，但可能会有作用。 All available evidence points to the fact that. 所有的证据证明 No one can deny the fact that. 没人能否定这个事实。 Taking into account all these factors, we may safely reach the conclusion that. 考虑到所有这些因素，我们可以做出这样的结论 3. 必背经典范文 Directions: Write an article on Changes on State-owned Houses and Private Houses of China. In your article you should (1) the present situation (2) the possible causes (3) its impact Ownership of Houses in Beijing Ownership of houses in Beijing has significantly changed in recent years. In 1990, 75 percent of the houses were stateowned. But in 1995, the ratio of state-owned houses to private ones was 60 to 40. And the ownership changed dramatically since 1995 and by the end of the century, 80 percent of houses were private. There might have been two main reasons. One of the reasons was the policy of the government. In the 1990s, China carried on with its reform policy and the government called for privatization of the sate-owned estate. But it took time for the reform to come into effect. But from 1995 on when people have recognized its significance, the reformation took bigger steps. Another