高考英语二轮阅读理解基础训练题（11）.doc

2014高考英语阅读理解基础二轮训练题（11）及答案 【2014高考英语安徽省六校联考】ci once had a house guest from cuba.during his visit, i happened to throw an old broken blender (搅拌机) in the trash. the next day it was sitting on my counter in working order. in his world, people simply cannot afford to replace an item which doesnt work properly. they take the time and figure out how to fix it. in cuba, they are still driving cars from the 1960s, mainly because they do not have a choice. in contrast, the u.s. is a “throw-away society.” statistics show that each american produces six pounds of trash per day.i believe a combination of factors has contributed to this phenomenon.“planned obsolescence(废弃)” is not a secret. it is a manufacturing (制造业) philosophy developed in the 1920s and 1930s, when mass production became popular.the goal is to make a product or part that will fail, or become less desirable over time or after a certain amount of use. this pressures the consumer to buy again.planned obsolescence does keep costs down.instead of making an expensive product that will last a long time, businesses produce more affordable, disposable(一次性的) items. some electronic items have become so inexpensive that it is cheaper to replace them than to repair them.busy people often value their time and convenience more than money. if a car starts to have mechanical problems, replacing it with a newer, more reliable model may be more appealing than tolerating it being in the garage for a week.in addition, advertising trains consumers to want what is new and improved. it convinces them that the more they have, the happier they will be. unlike people in many developing countries, we live in a world of abundance. a study by dr. timothy jones of the university of arizona also found that in the u.s., 40-50 percent of all food ready for harvest is wasted.abundance and waste soon became closely associated in the american way of life.64. in cuba, people usually fix a broken item instead of buying a new one because _. a. wasting is prohibited thereb. they are poor c. they are interested in fixing thingsd. they live a low-carbon life65. according to the article, planned obsolescence _. a. began before mass production became popular b. is intended to encourage consumers to buy more things c. results in higher prices of items d. requires factories to produce high-quality products66. which of the following is not true about the “throw-away society” in the u.s.? a. people prefer to buy a new blender rather than repair the broken one. b. a large quantity of food has been wasted. c. people believe that the more they have, the happier they will be. d. people all hold the belief that money comes first.67. what may be the writers attitude towards a throw-away society? a. supportive.b. critical.c. tolerant.d. optimistic.【参考答案】6467 bbdb 6871 cbcc 7275 badbpassage twenty-two (pantomime)pantomimes like pageants, need to be very well planned, and it is essential that initial organization should begin many weeks in advance of the production date. pantomimes are nearly always divided into separate scenes, very often taking place in different countries or even in different centuries. it is therefore necessary that there should be an overall unity of design culminating in the grand finale. this latter is really just an excuse for visual effects, and for once the performers become merely cloths hangers on which to put elaborate garments.the scene should be discussed at some length with the producer so that the background, which is decided upon, does not present impossibilities for the provision of costumes within the budget or insuperable making problems for the wardrobe. because of the large numbers of costumes needed full use must be made of the cheapest materials available, such as tarlatan (thin, stiff, open-weave muslin) nets and inexpensive cottons and taffetas. very often it is possible to pick up goods that have been substantially reduced in price as cheap lines either in the big stores or on stalls in street markets.costumes for pantomimes need to be imaginative, gay and fairly bold in conceptionthis does not mean that they need to be garish. usually in one scene there needs to be the flavor of what is newest at the moment in clothes. it is always a good idea to make use of a modern gimmick and to point it in some way if this can be conveniently fitted into the scheme. the audience comes to pantomime to have the eye feasted as much as for any other purpose, thus making a great chance for the designer to excel. because of the very varied audience to be catered for there must be costumes to please patrons of all ages and delight the eyes of toddlers, teenagers, parents and grandparents.usually there is the chance for some country scene involving merry-making peasants in ginghams, stripes of chintzes. there may be a military or naval routine or some number emphasizing precision and calling for trim slick costumes. there is certain to be a ballet which is to look fairy-like or romantic and pretty and which may well need either classical or romantic tutus. the finale, which must be the most spectacular of all, is often set in a ballroom or palace where all the characters come together to make their final bows; and it is for this scene that the glitter of sequins and jewels, the sparkle of tinsel, the gold and silver materials and the waving plumes should be saved.it may be helpful to examine the different characters and the various scenes in which they are likely to appear. they remain much the same in all pantomimes; the flavor varying according to the settingso that a sdash of the orient, or the particular feeling of a historical epoch is added to the standard costume.1. which word can best describe the final scene in pantomime?a. spectacular. . beautiful. c. romantic. d. sparkling.2. what is the best title for this passage?a. how to gain success of a pantomime. the most important factors in a pantomime.c. pantomime needs to have a very-well.d. how to make preparation for a pantomime.3. what does paragraph two imply?a. it implies actor and actress outnumber costume. it implies costume costs too much.c. it implies the funds available is on meager side.d. it implies a good plan is necessary for a pantomime.4. the success of a pantomime lie ina. well-planned preparation. . excellent actors.c. brilliant costume. d. harmony.vocabulary1. culminate 达到顶点，达到最高潮2. insuperable 不可逾越的，不可克服的3. tarlatan 薄纱，塔拉丹4. taffeta 花花绿绿的塔夫绸，衬绸5. gimmick （魔术师道具等）暗机关，6. garish 装饰（物） 鲜艳夺目的，俗不可耐的7. gingham 方格花布8. stripe 条纹布，斜纹布9. chintz 擦光印花棉布10. slick 光滑的，打扮漂亮的，华而不实的，讨人喜欢的11. tutu （芭蕾舞女演员）短裙12. sequin 装饰服装用的圆形小金属片13. tinsel 金银丝织品，闪亮装饰品难句译注1. this latter is really just an excuse for visual effects, and for once the performers become merely cloths hangers on which to put elaborate garments.结构简析 for once= for just once 就这一次参考译文 后者确实就是为了视觉效果，就这一次，演员成了仅仅是套上精致衣服的衣架子。2. usually in one scene there needs to be the flavor of what is newest at the moment in clothes. it is always a good idea to make use of a modern gimmick and to point it in some way if this can be conveniently fitted into the scheme.结构简析 两句句子。to make use of 利用，to point 强调。参考译文 一般说来，在一幕里，需要有当时服装上最新款式和风格。如果便于和演出设计相吻合的话，利用当时的机关并给以适当突出也不失为好办法。3. the audience comes to pantomime to have the eye feasted as much as for any other purpose, thus making a great chance for the designer to excel。结构简析 注意后面thus making的译法。参考译文 观众来看哑剧，不仅为了大饱眼福，还有其它目的。这就给了设计者展示才能超越别人的大好机会。写作方法与文章大意 这是一篇论述哑剧准备工作的文章。文章一开始就点明主题。然后从钱，剧幕，服装，色彩，情趣等方面加以阐明，手法多种。答案祥解1. a. 最后一幕非常壮观。文章内两处提到，第一段第二句“哑剧几乎总是分成独立的几幕，常常是发生在不同的国家和不同的世纪，因此，在宏伟的最后一幕有一个达到高潮完整统一设计。”第四段第四行末尾“最后一幕，必须是全戏最壮观的，地点常常是在舞厅或者皇宫，聚集着所有的演员，以备谢幕。”b. 美丽的。 c. 浪漫的。 d. 灿烂的，都只是壮观中之一部分。2. d. 如何为哑剧做好准备工作。文章一开始“哑剧，像露天演出剧一样，需要很好策划，应在演出前好几个星期作好最初的组织工作。”后面几段都是围绕这一中心而写。a. 如何获取哑剧的成功，文中提得很少但准备的目的是获得成功。 b. 哑剧的最重要的因素。 c. 哑剧需要一个很好的设计，都是准备工作中提及的部分内容。3. c. 隐射能得到的资金很少。第二段“剧幕场景应和舞台监督进行详细的讨论。这样决定下来的场景不会出现预算内金额不能提供服装，或剧团服装难以供应的问题。由于需要剧装量大，要充分利用能得到的最便宜的材料，类似薄纱，低价棉布和衬绸之类。可以在大商店或马路地摊上选购一些降价的便宜货品。”这一段说明他们的资金相当少，所以c 正确。a. 演员认输超过了服装数。 b. 服装太贵，文中都没有提到。也不是第二段的内涵。 d. 哑剧需要一个好计划。一开始就点明，不用隐射。4. a. 充分计划好的准备工作。如果没有计划，其他三点都谈不上。因为b. 优秀演员。 c. 华丽的戏装。 d. 和谐，都四计划内考虑的因素。阅读理解-(3)it is over 40 years since first atomic bomb was dropped on a major city in japan. yet even now its effects are showing themselves and may continue to do so for years to come. much effort and human energy have been used to try to prevent such a terrifying thing from happening again. so far there is no guarantee that it will not. countries which already possess nuclear knowledge and resources have bombs stored away which are powerful enough to wipe out all life on earth. but this is not all. other countries, which previously were not so advanced in technology, are gradually buying materials that can be used for making atomic devices. this nuclear energy will naturally be of great value in helping the economy of poorer nations.the generation of electricity through nuclear power came directly from the original work on the atom bomb. because of the increase in demand for energy and the possibility of decreasing supplies of oil and natural gas, the interest in electricity has increased. one of the by-products of nuclear power stations is plutonium (钸) produced from unclear fuel: plutonium is ingredient (成分) in bomb-making. it means that there are far more opportunities for the manufacture of bombs.this brings the problem to a full circle again. how can something so valuable and useful be controlled so that it works for the benefit and not the destruction of man? (from )9. the effects of dropping the first atomic bomb _.a. are not over b. may go on forever c. could last much longer d. will not be over in the near future10. the writer says that enough atomic bombs have already been manufactured to _.a. wipe out japan b. last forever c. act as a peace-keeping device d. destroy all living things11. the advantage of less developed countries being able to make atomic devices is that it _.a. gives them more opportunities for work b. will help poor countries to become richerc. will enable them to make better explosives d. will be of great value to them12. the second paragraph tells us that the increased demand for electricity today _.a. has led to the decrease in supplies of oilb. means that more countries are interested in nuclear powerc. has increased the risk of accidental explosionsd. has increased the very means of producing more atomic bombs【答案与解析】9. a 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句yet even now its effects are showing themselves and may continue to do so for years to come可知。10. d 细节理解题。根据第一段“have bombs stored away which are powerful enough to wipe out all life on earth”一句可知。11. b 细节理解题。根据第一段“this nuclear energy will naturally be of great value in helping the economy of poorer nations”一句可知。12. d 段落主旨题。根据第二段最后一句“it means that there are far more opportunities for the manufacture of bombs.”可知。阅读理解-c most mornings, the line begins to form at dawn: scores of silent women with babies on their backs, buckets balanced on their heads, and in each hand a bright-blue plastic jug. on good days, they will wait less than an hour before a water tanker goes across the dirt path that serves as a road in kesum purbahari, a slum on the southern edge of new delhi. on bad days, when there is no electricity for the pumps, the tankers dont come at all. “that water kills people,” a young mother named shoba said one recent saturday morning, pointing to a row of pails filled with thick, caramel (焦糖)-colored liquid.“whoever drinks it will die.”the water was from a pipe shared by thousands of people in the poor neighborhood. women often use it to wash clothes and bathe their children, but nobody is desperate enough to drink it. there is no standard for how much water a person needs each day, but experts usually put the minimum at fifty litres. the government of india promises (but rarely provides) forty. most people drink two or three litresless than it takes to wash a toilet. the rest is typically used for cooking and bathing. americans consume between four hundred and six hundred litres of water each day, more than any other people on earth. most europeans use less than half that. the women of kesum purbahari each hoped to drag away a hundred litres that daytwo or three buckets worth. shoba has a husband and five children, and that much water doesnt go far in a family of seve