高考英语二轮复习精品资料 专题05 形容词和副词教学案（教师版）.doc

2013高考英语二轮复习精品资料专题05 形容词和副词（教学案，教师版）【2013高考考纲解读】形容词与副词是高考考查的热点, 高考英语中单项填空、完形填空、书面表达，任何一项题目中都有可能涉及到形容词等级、辨析和在句中的位置。关于形容词与副词这一考点，主要考查以下几个方面：在具体的语境中考查不同形容词意义的区别；考查形容词做状语；考查比较级的用法尤其是隐性比较；考查一些习语搭配；与形容词同形的副词与形容词后加ly构成的副词的区别；多个形容词作定语时的排列顺序等。【重点知识整合】一、 形容词，副词的主要功能1)形容词、副词的功能 形容词在句中主要作定语、表语和补语，但有时也作状语，表示伴随原因等。 we find the boy considerate. (宾补)he walked in the snow, cold and hungry . （伴随状语）afraid of difficulties, they took the easy road. （原因状语）副词作状语主要是用作修饰性状语、评注性状语及连接性状语。其中后两种状语是现在考查的重点。 he speak english fairly fluently (修饰性状语). fortunately， none of the them was hurt. (评注性状语)his first response was to say no. later, however, he changed his mind. (连接性状语) 注意：形容词作状语是形容主语的性质，而副词作状语则修饰动词。如： he walked home slowly. he arrived home safe.二、形容词的位置：1形容词作定语通常前置，但在下列情况后置：1修饰some, any, every, no和body, thing, one等构成的复合不定代词时nobody absent, everything possible2以-able, -ible结尾的形容词可置于有最高级或only修饰的名词之后the best book available, the only solution possible3afraid, ashamed, alive, alike, awake, aware, asleep等表语形容词作定语要后置the only person awake4和空间、时间、单位连用时a bridge 50 meters long5形容词短语一般后置a man difficult to get on with6个别形容词前置和后置意义不同the members present(在场的，出席的) the present situation(现在的)the concerned parents (焦虑的)the students concerned(有关的)【考题示例】【贵州师大附中高三年级检测】there are plenty of jobs _ in the western part of our country. a. presentb. availablec. preciousd. convenient2多个形容词修饰同一个名词的顺序：多个形容词作定语排列的顺序口诀巧记：限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老，颜色国籍跟材料，作用类别往后靠。即：限定语（the、a）+ 描绘性形容词 + size（小）+ shape（形状）+ age（年龄、时间）+ color（颜色）+ origin（国籍、来源）+ material（材料）+ purpose（目的）+ 名词。如：the mans first tow interesting little red french oil paintings.a small round table a tall gray building a dirty old brown shirt a famous german medical school an expensive japanese sports car多个形容词修饰同一个名词时，要从以下几个方面把握其顺序。（1）表示不定、泛指意义的多类形容词修饰同一中心词的顺序为： 限定词 + 一般描绘性形容词 + 大小（长短、高低）类 + 形状（新旧、年 龄）类 + 颜色类 + 来源（国籍、地区、出处）类 + 物质（材料、质地） 类 + 用途（类别、功能、作用）类 + 中心名词。例如: a beautiful small round old yellow french wooden study room. 口诀记忆: 美小圆旧黄 法国木书房（2）限定词分类： 前位限定：all, both, half, double,倍数，分数 中位限定：冠词、指示代词、所有格及some, any, no, every, each, either, much, whose等 后位限定：基数、序数及little, few, last, next, other, another, more, less, several 等（3）限定词顺序:：前位 + 中位 + 后位 + 中心词。例如: all these last few days； some beautiful little red flowers注：前位、中位限定词不能两个或两个以上同时修饰同一中心词，但后位限 定词可以，位置较固定。体会: the first two chapters; the next few weeks ; another two boys; three other girls; any (no, few, three) such books3ly结尾的形容词ly是副词的后缀，但有些形容词以ly结尾。friendly友好的； sisterly姐妹般的； lovely可爱的； womanly像女人的； silly傻的； ugly丑陋的； elderly较老的； oily多油的； lonely孤独的。三、副词 1)副词的分类：1时间副词soon, now, early, finally, once, recently5频度副词always, often, frequently, seldom, never2地点副词here, nearby, outside, upwards, above6疑问副词how, where, when, why3方式副词hard, well, fast, slowly, excitedly, 7连接副词how, when, where, why, whether, however, meanwhile4程度副词almost, nearly, very, fairly, quite, rather8关系副词when, where, why 2)副词作状语副词作状语主要是用作修饰性状语、评注性状语及连接性状语。其中后两种状语是现在考查的重点。 he speak english fairly fluently (修饰性状语). fortunately， none of the them was hurt. (评注性状语)his first response was to say no. later, however, he changed his mind. (连接性状语)（1）有些副词像fortunately, luckily, surprisingly, honestly, actually, personally 等做评注性状语往往修饰整个句子，对整个句子进行说明或解释，表示说话人对话语的态度与看法。通常位于句首，常用逗号与句子分开。如：surprisingly, no one in the class could work out the problem. personally, i dont think he will interview you.注：连接副词图表及运用（2）还有些副词其连接作用，使前后句构成某种逻辑上的衔接。常见的有： 意义词汇表示列举和顺序first(ly),second(ly), then, next, finally ,last表示意义增补和引申also, besides, furthermore, moreover表示意义等同equally, similarly 表示结果therefore, thus, consequently表示推论otherwise表示换个说法rather, alternatively 表示意义转折instead, still, though, yet, however,表示让步anyhow, anyway表示时间过度meanwhile, meantime i am wrong. similarly, you are to blame. 我错了. 同样地,你也该受到谴责。he was down with the flu, and therefore couldnt come to the party. 他患了流行性感冒,因此未能前来参加宴会。seize the chance. otherwise youll regret it. 抓住这个机会，否则你会后悔的。they are enjoying themselves. (or) rather, they appear to be enjoying themselves. 他们正玩得很开心，更精确地说，他们好像正玩得很开心。he forgot to turn on the radio and thus missed the program.他忘了打开收音机, 因此错过了那个节目。it may snow, but anyhow i will go to town. 可能下雪,但我无论如何要进城。he said he would come, he didnt, though.他说他要来，可是并没有来。mother went shopping; meanwhile, i cleaned the house.母亲去买东西;我打扫屋子。四、兼有两种形式的副词（1）不加ly表示具体概念，加ly表示抽象概念。 high空间高度 do you see that butterfly flying high above the street?你是否看见那只蝴蝶在街道上方高高飞舞着highly表示高程度 the distinguished guests were highly praised.贵宾们受到了高度赞扬deep空间深度 they had to dig deep to reach water.他们挖得很深才挖到水。deeply深深地 you have offended him deeply.你冒犯他可不轻。close 接近地，紧紧地 she stood close against the wall.她紧挨着墙站着。closely 仔细地，严密地the police were watching him closely.警察在密切监视他。【close; closely】close意为“靠近；挨近；接近”。如： he lives close to the school. 他住得靠近学校。closely意为“紧密地；严密地；紧紧地；仔细地”。如： she is following the matter closely. 她正密切注视这一事件。【deep; deeply】deep多用于具体的、有形的场合。如： they had to dig deep to find water. 他们必须挖得很深才能发现水。 注意以下几个搭配： deep into the night到深夜 deep in reading a book专心致志地读书 deep in work (study, thought)埋头工作（学习，沉思）deeply多用于抽象的或比喻的场合，意为“深刻地；强烈地”。如： we love our motherland deeply. 我们深深地热爱我们的祖国。【free freely】free常用在动词后面，意为“免费地；自由地”。如： you can eat free in my restaurant. 你可以免费在我的餐馆里吃饭。freely意为“随意地；直率地；不受限制地；不受阻碍地”。如： you can speak freely in front of me. 在我面前你可以畅所欲言。【hard; hardly】hard意为“努力地；猛烈地；费力地；用功地；拼命地”。如： it rained hard yesterday. 昨天下了大雨。hardly意为“几乎不；简直没有”。如： i can hardly recognize him. 我几乎认不出他了。【fair; fairly】fair用作副词，意为“公平地；正面地”，常出现在以下短语中。 play fair公平地比赛 hit fair正面打过去 fair and square正大光明地fairly意为“公正地；公平地；诚实地”，与形容词fair相对应。如： we should treat everybody fairly. 我们应当公平地对待每一个人。fairly还可用作表示程度的副词，意为“相当地”。如： she plays the piano fairly well. 她钢琴弹得相当好。【high; highly】high作副词用时，指的是具体的“高”。如： we flew high in the sky. 我们在高空中飞行。highly作副词用时，表示的是抽象的“高度”，意思相当于very much。如： he is highly paid. 他得到的待遇很高。 注意一些固定词组： aim high向高处瞄准，心怀大志 live high过奢侈的生活【just; justly】just作副词用时，意为“正是；就是；刚才；简直太”。如： this is just what i want. 这正是我想要的。justly作副词用时，意为“公正地；合理地；公平地”。如： he was justly punished for his crimes. 他犯了罪，理应受到惩罚。【late; lately】late用作副词时，意为“迟到地；过晚地”。如： we always work late at night. 我们总是工作到深夜。lately用作副词，意为“最近，不久之前”，相当于recently或not long ago。 如： he hasnt seen jim lately. 他最近没有见到吉姆。 注意：as late as与as lately as都有“近到；直到”的意思，用法相同。如： i saw him as late (lately) as yesterday. 直到昨天我才见到他。【most; mostly】most是much的最高级，也可构成形容词和副词的最高级。如： which part of the concert did you like most? 你最喜欢这场音乐会的哪一部 分？ 在较正式的文体里，most用于加强语气，前面可以加不定冠词，意为“非常；极其”。 hangzhou is a most beautiful city. 杭州是一个非常美丽的城市。mostly意为“主要地；几乎全部；在大多数场合”。如： this drink is mostly sugar and water. 这种饮料的主要成分是糖和水。【near; nearly】near作为副词，意为“离不远；近邻”。如： the train came nearer and nearer. 火车越来越近了。nearly作为副词，意为“几乎；差不多；将近”。如： the child slipped and nearly fell. 孩子滑了一下险些摔倒。【pretty; prettily】pretty作为副词，意为“十分地；相当地”，与rather的意思相近。如： a girl aged 25 is pretty old to take up ballet dancing. 一个25岁的女孩学跳芭蕾舞，年龄就太大了。prettily作为副词，意为“漂亮地”。如： sometimes miss zhao is prettily dressed. 有时赵老师穿得很漂亮。【wide; widely】wide作为副词，意为“广大地；张得很大、宽；充分地；全部地；完全 地”，表示状态和结果。如： “open your mouth wide,” said the doctor. 大夫说：“张大嘴。”widely作为副词，意为“广泛地；大大地；广博地；在许多地方”，表示 程度和范围。如： english is widely used all over the world. 英语在全世界 被广泛使用。【easy; easily】easy 作为副词，只出现在某些短语中，常用于口语中。如： easier said than done. 说起来容易，做起来难。 easy come, easy go. 来得容易去得快。easily作为副词，意为“容易地；不费力地；无疑地”。如： he won the race easily. 他轻而易举地赢了比赛。【short; shortly】short 作为副词，意为“突然地；短暂地；简短地；提早地”。如： she spoke short at the meeting. 她在会上作了简短发言。shortly作为副词，意为“不久；立刻；简短地”。如： he is shortly to leave for japan. 他即将前往日本。 注意：short用作副词时，常用在一些固定词组中。如： cut sb./sth. short结束或中断 go short of欠缺 run short of用完【clean; cleanly】clean作为副词，意为“径直地；完全地”。如： i clean forgot about it. 我完全忘记它了。cleanly作为副词，意为“干净利落地”。如： the knife doesnt cut clearly. 这把刀切起来不利落。【clear; clearly】clear作为副词，意为“完全地；径直地”。如： you can see clear to the mountains today. 今天你能一直望到山脉。 the prisoner got clear away. 这个囚犯逃得无影无踪。clearly作为副词，意为“清楚地；显而易见地”。如： can you see clearly from here? 从这里你能看的清楚么？【dead; deadly】dead作为副词，意为“突然地；完全地”。如： he was dead tired. 他极为疲倦。 the wind was dead against us. 风向突然对我们不利了。deadly作为副词，意为“死一般地；极度地；致命地”。如： deadly pale死人似的苍白 deadly serious极端严重【direct; directly】direct作为副词，意为“直线地；不绕圈子地”。如： the train goes there direct. 火车直达。directly作为副词，意为“直接地（反义为间接地）；立刻；马上”。如： she answered me very directly and openly. 她公开而直接地回答了我。 ill be there directly. 我马上到。【考题示例】（宝鸡市高三教学质量检测（二）英语）after watching the movie avadar, mary lay in bed with her eyes open while all her family were asleep.awidely; soundlybwider; soundlycwidely; sounddwide; sound（2）两种形式，词义差别较大late晚 you have come too late.lately 最近what have you been doing lately?free免费you can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like.freely 自由地you may speak freely; say what you like.most 很，非常，最 he is most kind to me. mostly 主要地，大部分 she is mostly at home on sundays. hard 努力地 think harder. hardly 几乎不，简直不 i can hardly understand you. 五、形容词和副词比较等级的基本句型句型（1）as + adj./ adv.原级 + as / not as/ so + adj./ adv.原级+as注意：当as as 中间有名词时采用以下格式。 this is as good an example as the other is. = this is an example as good as the other is.句型（2） adj./ adv.比较级+ than/ less + adj./ adv.原级+ than you are less tall than i.注意：比较级后面跟有名词时，有时需要加适当的冠词。tom is the taller of the two brothers. i have never read a better story. 句型（3） the + 最高级 + of/ among+ 同类名词/ in +范围、地点等名词/定语从句(have ever ) this cake is the most delicious of all/ in the shop/ i have ever had. 注意：当没有比较的范围时，most表示非常,相当于very，此时没有比较概念。例如： steel is most useful / a most useful material in industry. 否定词语+比较级，否定词语+ so as结构表示最高级含义。 nothing is so easy as this.=nothing is easier than this.=this is the easiest thing. we couldnt feel better.【考题示例】【北京海淀区高三一模】22. -how was your holiday?-it couldnt have been _. i just stayed in the hotel because it was raining most of the time.a. boring b. more boring c. most boring d. less boring（4）比较等级的修饰语强调一方超过另一方的程度或数量时，可在比较级前加表示程度的状语，如even、a lot、a bit、a little、still、much、far、yet、by far等修饰。注意：by far通常用于强调最高级。用于比较级时，一般放在比较级的后面，如在前面，应在二者中间加“the”。如：he is taller by far than his brother.he is by far the taller of the two brothers.【考题示例】(浙江省嘉兴市高三学科基础测试)how are you today?一im feeling much ，but my doctor says ill still have to stay in bed for another few days abest bgood cbetter dwell最高级可被序数词以及much、by far、nearly、almost 、by no means、not quite、not really、nothing like等词语所修饰。原级可被very, too, so, enough, rather, quite, fairly等等修饰。句型（4）the+比较级，the+比较级。表示“越越” the more you practise，the better you can understand.你练习的越多你理解的就越透。（1）双方比较，表示一方超过另一方时，用“比较级 （+ than）”的结构表示。要注意题干中将比较的另一方隐藏起来的情况。句型（5）表示一方不及另一方时，用“less +原级+than”的结构表示。如：this room is less beautiful than that one.句型（6）不与其他事物相比，表示本身程度的改变时，用“比较级 + and + 比较级”的结构，意思是“越来越”。如：the weather is getting colder and colder.the girl becomes more and more beautiful.（8）三者及其以上之间的比较，要用最高级。（9）否定词+比较级，可以用来表达最高级的意思。如：i couldnt agree more.我非常同意。（10）某些以-ior结尾的形容词进行比较时，用to代替than。这些词有inferior（劣等的，次的）、superior（较好的，优于）、junior（资历较浅的）、senior（资格较老的）、prior（在之前）等。he is superior to mr. zhang in chemistry.（11）用介词by表示相差的程度。 he is taller than i by a head.他比我高一头。（12）more., than.表示“如其说不如说”。 it is more blue than green.如其说是绿的，不如说是蓝的。【考题示例】how much_she looked without her glasses!a. well b. goodc. best d. better六、倍数的表达的常用句型英语中表达倍数常用下列句型: 句型（1） a is three / four.times the size / height / length / width.of b. 如：the newly broadened square id four times the size of the previous one. 新扩建的广场是未扩建时的四倍大。 【考题示例】【江西省上饶市第一次高考模拟】23high-speed trains travel at 300 kilometers an hour，which is about normal trainsafour times the speed as bthe speed four times of cfour times as the speed of dfour times the speed of 【考题示例】【河南省郑州市英语信息卷（三）】16. high-speed trains travel at 300 kilometers an hour, which is about normal trains.afour times the speed asbthe speed four times ofcfour times as the speed ofdfour times the speed of【答案】 d【解析】考查倍数句型。此处用到了“a is+倍数+the +名词of b”句式。句型（2）a is three / four.times as big / high / long / wide.as b. 如：this tree is three times as tall as that one. 这棵树是那棵树的三倍高。 句型（3）a is three / four.times bigger / higher / longer / wider.than b. 如：the dictionary is exactly five times more expensive than that one. 这本字典比那本恰好贵5倍。【注意】用times表示倍数时,一般只限于三倍或三倍以上的数,表示两倍常用twice或double。【考题示例】peters jacket looked just the same as jacks, but it cost _ his.a. as much twice as b. twice as much asc. much as twice as d. as twice much as七、 形容词、副词重难点透视1考查比较级中比较范围和对象的一致性在比较级结构中，互比对象要一致，切不能相互包容。体会下面几种表达方式：（1）比较的范围结构（1）than any other+单数名词 =than any+单数名词 +else =than any of the other+复数名词 (同一范畴的比较) =than any of the others =than all the other+复数名词 (all the others) china is larger than any other country in asia. china is larger than any country else in asia. china is larger than any of the other countries in asia.结构（2）than any other +复数名词=than any+单数名词=than any of the+复数名词 (不同范畴的比较) china is larger than any other countries in africa. china is larger than any country in africa. china is larger than any of the countries in africa.（2）比较的对象: 互比对象一致时为避免重复，常用that 或those表示特定指代，不定的指代用one(复数形式用ones)。the weather here is warmer than that of shanghai.the radios made in our factory are better than those in your factory.i prefer a street in a small town to one in such a large city as shanghai.the house built of brick last longer than that of wood.【考题示例】 (1)there is no greater love than _ who lays down his life for his country. a. a man b. that of a man c. a mans d. that of a mans【答案】b【解析】考查比较的对象和范围，题干中比较对象应为love与that of a man， 即the love of a man，故选b.(2 )the director gave me a better offer than _. a. that of dicks b. dicks c. he gave dick d. those of dick【答案】c【解析】比较的是导演所提供的条件；其它选项都表示dick的条件或他所 提供的条件。 (3)few pleasures can equal _ of a cool drink on a hot day. a. some b. any c. that d. those (4)equipped with modern facilities, todays libraries differ greatly from _. a. those of the past b. the past c. which of the past d. those past【答案】a【解析】those指代上文提的libraries，those of the past指过去的图书馆。2.考查否定的隐含比较和省略现象在实际运用中，比较的对象在上下文中经常隐含、省略，而借助否定意义来考查比较级的应用已成为困绕学生的一大难点。体会：（1）john feels better, please dont worry. (现在与过去比)（2）we all hope to live in a better world. (现在与将来比)（3）things cant be worse! why dont you do anything to stop them?(将来的情况与现在比)（4）he had never spent a more worrying day. (过去与过去以前比)（5）常见句型 结构（1）：否定词（never ,not nothing.）+比较级, 表达最高级概念 nothing is more valuable than health.没有什么比健康更重要。 结构（2）：否定词（never ,not nothing.）+so +adj+as,表达最高级概念 none is so blind as those who wont see.没有比视而不见更瞎的了。【考题示例】 (1)of the two sisters, betty is _one, and she is also the one who loves to be quiet. a. a younger b. a youngest c. the younger d. the youngest (2)bob ran the 100 metres in 9.91 seconds, and i have not seen _this year. a. the best b. better c. the most d. more【答案】b。考查否定的隐含比较。句意“今年我没有见到比这更好的了。”，表示最高级的含义。(3)your story is perfect; i have never heard _before. a. the better one b. the best one c.a better one d. a good one【考题示例】（浙江省金华十校高三上学期期末考试（英语）boris has brainsin fact，i doubt whether anyone in the class has iq.aa high ba higher cthe higher dthe highest3. 考查多个形容词作定语的词序问题 多个形容词修饰同一中心名词，词序的排列是记忆的难点和重点。【考题示例】 (1)this _ girl is lindas cousin. a. pretty little spanish b. spanish little pretty c. spanish pretty little d. little pretty spanish【答案】a【解析】词序：一般描绘性形容词(pretty)+大小(little)+国籍(spanish)。(2)the husband gave his wife_ every month in order to please her. a. all half his income b. his half all income c. half his all income d. all his half income【答案】d【解析】考查多个限定词的词序。all前位限定; his中位限定; half后位限定。 (3)the _ house smells as if it hasnt been lived in for years. a. little white wooden b. little wooden white c. white wooden little d. wooden white little4 考查形容词、副词词义的辩析问题 近几年高考不仅加强了对语义的考查，而且更注重对词汇扩展能力的考查。做题时，要结合语境，注意惯用法和固定搭配，认真辨析，作出正确选择。【考题示例】 (1)my mother always gets a bit _ if we dont arrive when we say we will. a. anxious b. ashamed c. weak d. patient (2)the committee is discussing the problem right now. it will _ have been solved by the end of next week. a. eagerly b. hopefully c. immediately d. gradually知识链接：常考易考型副词归类 partly部分地 particularly尤其、特别 obviously 显而易见地occasionally偶然地 namely即，也就是 frankly 空白地，坦白地eventually最终地 narrowly勉强地 gradually 逐渐地eagerly急切地 extremely极限，非常 naturally 自然而然地basically基本地 especially尤其、特别 accidentally 偶然地purposefully故意地 generously慷慨地 unfortunately 不幸地 patiently耐心地 environmentally环保地（的）5.考查倍数表达的常用句型英语中表达倍数常用下列句型: 句型（1） a is three / four