四级翻译复习要点.doc

虚拟语气1. （should）+动词原形的情形表“建议”、“命令”、“要求”的动词及对应的名词动词 名词suggest suggestionadvise advicepropose proposalrecommend recommendationorder order command command request request require requirementdemand demand 2. if或but for等引导的条件句假设的条件 If句中的谓语动词 主句的谓语动词 与现在客观事实相反 did/were would/might/could do 与过去客观事实相反 had done would/might/could have done 在将来不大可能发生were to do/should do/didwould do If there were no air, there would be no living things.If Tom had been careful yesterday, he wouldnt have had his leg broken.If he were to fly to the moon next week, I would follow him there.If I should go there, I would be the happiest girl in the world.If I finished it tomorrow, I would become a superman. 在错综时间条件句（条件句中的动作和主句动作发生时间不一致）中，动词的形式要根据时间进行调整。 e.g. If I hadnt caught a cold yesterday, I would be working instead of lying in bed now.没有if从句的虚拟条件句 Without/But for your help, I would have been dead. What would you do with a million dollars? 3. wish/ would rather/ if only与现在事实相反 did 与过去事实相反 had done 将来没有把握 would /could do 或不太可能实现的愿望 I wish I were a bird. I didnt go to the party, but I do wish I had been there . I wish that I could live on the moon someday. I wish that you would go with us tomorrow.4. would rather后面的宾语从句，表示愿望，意为“宁 ”，从句用虚拟语气。其谓语动词的虚拟形式随愿望 示的时间变化而变化。愿望 动词形式与现在或将来的 did （bewere） 客观事实相反与过去的客观事实相反 had done Id rather you had told him. Id rather you came tomorrow. I would rather you werent my dad. 5. It is +adj/done+ that.此类句型中的形容词或过去分词多表达建议，命令，请求，意见，必要性，重要性等意义，常见的有：desired, suggested, requested, ordered, proposed, necessary, important从句的谓语动词的形式为should+动词原形It is necessary that we should be sent there at once. 6. Its (about/high) time that 该做某事了 从句用过去式It is high/about time that we left. 7. For fear that / lest/in case 引导的状语从句中的主语为should +doYoud better take a sweater with you in case it should turn cold. （以防天气变冷）He walked slightly lest/for fear that he should awake the baby .（以免惊醒婴儿）部分倒装neither, never, seldom, rarely, hardly, little，in no way, in no case, by no means, on no account, under no circumstances放句首Not until +时间状语(从句)+主句的倒装句 only +状语（从句）+主句的倒装句 分词现在分词与过去分词的区别： 现在分词：表示动作正在进行,也表主动vi 过去分词：动作的完成 vt 过去分词: 既表被动，又表示动作的完成。 A man building the houseA newly-built house The bridge being built now will be completed next month. 形式主动被动一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been doneSally lied in bed crying.Being so poor in those days, we couldnt afford to send the boy to school.Used carefully, it will work at least about five years.Having finished washing, she began to cook supper. Having been given such a good chance, how could she let it slip away?如果分词表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生，就需要用完成形式独立主格结构: 当分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时，需在分词前加上其逻辑主语的名词或代词主格。Fall coming, the leaves turn yellow.It being very hot, we have to stop our work.All the compositions having been written and collected, the teacher send the students home.With 的复合结构with的复合结构是由with+宾语+现在分词过去分词副词形容词介词短语名词不定式构成的介词短语结构，在句中做定语或状语。“情态动词+have +done”总结1. must have done sth. 过去一定做了某事2. cant couldnt have done 过去不可能做了某事 3. may might have done 过去可能做了某事 4. neednt have done 过去本来没有必要做而做了某事 5. could have done 过去本来可以-某事可能已经发生-6. should ought to have done 过去本来应该做某事而没有做 7. shouldnt oughtnt to have done 过去本来不应该做某事而做了 倍数用times表示倍数。1. times形容词（副词）比较级than.This hall is five times bigger than our classroom. 这个大厅比我们的教室大五倍。（是我们教室的六倍大）The car runs twice faster than that truck. 这辆轿车的速度比那辆卡车快两倍。（是那辆卡车的三倍快）2. timesas形容词（或much）或副词原级as.The big box is four times as heavy as the small one. 大箱子是小箱子的四倍重。Asia is four times as large as Europe. 亚洲的面积是欧洲的四倍。Ten is twice as much as five. 十是五的两倍。The plane flew ten times as high as the kite. 那架飞机飞行高度是那个风筝的十倍。（高出九倍）3. timesthe名词（size, height, weight, length, width）ofYour playground is 900 metres wide, three times the size of ours. 你们操场有900米宽, 是我们的三倍。This street is four times the length of that one. 这条大街是那条街的四倍长。This big tree is four times the height of that small one. 这棵大树的高度是那棵小树的四倍。（比那棵小树高三倍）也可译成: The height of the big tree is four times that of that small one.4. timesmore名词（可数, 不可数）than.There are four times more books in our library than in yours. 我们图书馆藏书（数量）是你们图书馆的四倍。（多三倍）We have produced twice more grain this year than we did last year. 我们今年生产的粮食比去年增长一倍。（是去年的两倍）5. times as many（或much）名词其它There is three times as much water in this pot as in that one. 这个壶里的水（量）是那个壶里的三倍。There are five times as many students as we expected. 到的人是我们预计的五倍。6. timesover被比对象表示“增加倍”。如:The grain output in that village was twice over that of 1978. 那个村的粮食产量比一九七八年的增加了两倍。7. timesthat of被比对象“是倍”。如:In this workshop, the output of July was 3. 5 times that of January. 这个车间七月份的产量是元月份的三点五倍。二、用. （percent, per cent）up on被比对象Altogether, more than 70 percent of the surface of our planet is covered by water.我们地球的表面百分之七十以上被水覆盖。Our factorys output of TV sets in 1998 was 400 up compared with 1980. 1998年我们工厂电视机的产量与1980年相比增长 400。The industrial output of last year in our factory was 250 up on that of 2000. 我们工厂去年的工业产量比2000年增加了 250。（或增加两倍半）三、用double表示倍数1. double作形容词, “两倍的”。如:The production is now double what it was ten years ago. 现在的产量是十年前的两倍。2. double作动词, “是的两倍”。如:The output has been doubled in the past five years. 过去五年中产量翻了一番。练习:A）把下列句子译成汉语。1. 一米是一英尺的三倍多。2. 现在我们家乡学校的数量比解放前增加了四倍。3. 北京有我家乡城市的十个那么大。4. 这个房子是那个房子的两倍大。5. 早稻产量比去年提高百分之二十五。B）根据第一句, 完成第二、三句, 每空填一词, 使句意不变。1. This river is three times as wide as that one.This river is _ times the _ of that one.This river is _ _ than that one.2. The meeting room is three times bigger than our office.The meeting room is _ times as _ as our office.The meeting room is _ times the _ of our office.3. The new building is five tim es the height of the old one.The new building is _ times as _ as the old one.The new building is _ times _ than the old one.答案:A）1. A metre is 3 times more than（. is 3 times the length of）a foot.2. There are now five times as many schools in my hometown as before liberation.3. Beijing is ten times as big as（nine times larger than ten times the size of）my hometown.4. This house is twice as large as that one.5. The output of early rice is 25 the height of last years.B）1. three, width; twice wider 2. three, big; three, size 3. five, high; four, higher一、1.A be 倍数 as 计量形容词原级 as B.This tree is three times as tall as that one. 这棵树是那棵树的三倍高。His father is twice as old as he. 他父亲的年纪有他两倍大。2.A be 倍数 计量形容词比较级 than