高考英语最后抢分冲刺 题型专练 定语从句(1).doc

定语从句考点分析考点一、关系代词与关系副词的辨析及基本用法【考例1】 that evening, _ i will tell you more about later, i ended up working very late. (2012全国ii)a. that b. which c. what d. when解析：b。which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰that evening，which在从句中作介词about的宾语，从句意为“以后我会告诉你更多关于那天晚上的事”。从句缺少的是宾语，而不是时间状语，因此d项错误。 【考例2】 we live in an age _ more information is available with greater ease than ever before. (2012浙江)a. whyb. whenc. to whomd. on which 解析：b。when引导的定语从句修饰先行词age。考点二、“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，介词主要根据三个方面来确定：与定语从句中的谓语动词或形容词等的搭配、与先行词的介词搭配、定语从句所表达的意义。关系代词要与先行词对应，并符合从句所表达的意义。 如：wind power is an ancient source of energy to which we may return in the near future. (return to)yesterday we had a meeting at which we discussed many problems. (at the meeting)air, without which man cant live, is really important. (without air)注：介词也可以放在从句中；含有介词的短语动词不能拆开，即介词仍然放在动词之后。(一) 简单介词+关系代词 【考例】care of the soul is a gradual process _ even the small details of life should be considered. (2012湖南)a. what b. in what c. which d. in which解析：d。in which引导定语从句，which指代先行词process。介词in与process搭配。 (二) 简单介词+关系代词+名词【考例1】 i wish to thank professor smith, without _ help i would never have got this far. (2012天津)a. who b. whose c. whom d. which解析：b。without whose help意为“如果没有他的帮助”。【考例2】 mark was a student at this university from 1999 to 2003, _ he studied very hard and was made chairman of the students union. (2005重庆)a. during which time b. for which time c. during whose time d. by that time解析：a。during which time在那段时间内(指1999年到2003年的那段时间内)。【考例3】 last month, part of southeast asia was struck by floods, from _ effects the people are still suffering. (2005天津)a. that b. whose c. those d. what解析：b。suffer from遭受之苦，from在句中置于关系代词前面，whose effects指洪水的影响。 (三) the+名词+of+关系代词该结构表示所属关系，口语中常用“whose +名词”代替；有时还采用“of which +(the)+名词”结构。【考例1】 she showed the visitors around the museum, the construction _ had taken more than three years. (2011江西)a. for which b. with which c. of which d. to which解析：c。从句中the construction of which指的是“博物馆的建造”。【考例2】 for many cities in the world, there is no room to spread out further, _ new york is an example. (2008四川)a. for which b. in which c. of which d. from which解析：c。从句还原后为 new york is an example of many cities。an example of是的例子。(四) 表示部分的词语of关系代词表示部分的词语常见的有：不定代词、数词(+名词)、the +最高级/比较级，以及表示量的词语many, most, few, several, enough等。有时为了行文的需要，也可把表示部分的词放在关系代词的后面。【考例1】 maria has written two novels, both of _ have been made into television series. (2012山东)a. them b. that c. which d. what解析：c。both of which引导定语从句，which指代two novels。 【考例2】 in our class there are 46 students, _ half wear glasses. (2012四川)a. in whom b. in them c. of whom d. of them解析：c。whom指代先行词46 students，表示部分的词half放在关系代词的后面。 注： 关系副词where, when, why在意义上都相当于一个“介词+which”的结构。即：when= in / at / on / during which, where = in / at / on /from which, why = for which。考点三、as引导的非限制性定语从句as引导非限制性定语从句的常用结构有：as we / you know / can see / expect ， as usually happens/is often the case或被动结构as is said /known / announced / reported / mentioned / expected /discussed等。【考例1】 _ is often the case with children, amy was better by the time the doctor arrived. (2013陕西)a. it b. that c. what d. as解析：d。as is often the case“事情常常是这样的，常是如此”。as在句中引导定语从句。 【考例2】 the air quality in the city, _ is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months. (2012福建) a. that b. it c. as d. what解析：c。as is shown in the report正如报告中所显示的那样。考点四、where, when引导的定语从句(一) 近年高考试题中对于where的考查趋于复杂化，除了表地点用where外，当先行词是case, point, position, stage, situation, business, activity等表示某人/物的情况、某事发展的阶段、某事的某个方面等“抽象地点”名词，且定语从句中缺少状语时，引导词常用where。【考例】 sales director is a position _communication ability is just as important as sales skills. (2012重庆)a. which b. that c. when d. where解析：d。position意为“职位”，表示抽象地点。 (二) when引导定语从句时，先行词是表示时间的词(有时为抽象名词，如occasion, stay等)。【考例】 between the two parts of the concert is an interval, _ the audience can buy ice-cream. (2011江苏)a. when b. where c. that d. which解析：a。when在此表示前面所提到的“休息时间”。(三) when, where在定语从句中可分别起到代替副词then, there的作用。可用定语从句替换并列句，即since /until/by when = and since/until/by then；from where = and from there。【考例1】 jane is back in may, by _ the new house should be finished. (2008四川延考区)a. which b. that c. whom d. when解析：d。by when在此之前。【考例2】 the book was written in 1946, _ the education system has witnessed great changes. (2007山东)a. when b. during which c. since then d. since when解析：d。从句中使用了现在完成时，因此应选since when，意为“自以后”。考点五、分隔定语从句 定语从句和先行词常常被其它成分分隔，干扰了句子结构的判断，从而给辨别从句带来一定的难度。【考例】 ellen was a painter of birds and of nature, _, for some reason, had withdrawn from all human society. (2012浙江)a. which b. who c. where d. whom解析：b。定语从句缺少主语，who引导的定语从句修饰a painter，并在从句中作主语。考点六、定语从句关系代词的省略【考例】the house i grew up _ has been taken down and replaced by an office building. (2009江西) a. in it b. in c. in that d. in which 解析：b。题干中the house后省略了在从句中作介词宾语的关系代词that或which(作in的宾语)。 考点七、定语从句与强调句的辨析【考例】 it was only after he had read the papers _ mr. gross realized the task before him was extremely difficult to complete. (2013课标2)a. when b. that c. which d. what解析：b。考查强调句型。强调状语only after。定语从句练习 1. is this the website _ we visited to buy the mp3 yesterday?a. the oneb. onec. in which d. / 2. how many students are there in your class _ relatives were killed in the earthquake?a. whoseb. who c. whom d. which 3. they stayed with me for three weeks, _ they drank all the wine i had.a. whichb. which timec. during which timed. during that time 4. he studied hard and later became a well-known writer, _ his father expected.a. that was whatb. what was thatc. and which was d. which was what 5. nowadays, many people tend to eat a lot but take little exercise, _ they fall ill easily. a. in whichb. at which c. in case which d. as a result of which 6. the young man learned the techniques in beijing, _ he went back to his hometown and set up a factory. a. after which b. after that c. in which d. in that 7. he may have to go to hospital, _ he wont be going on holiday. a. where b. in which c. in which case d. in that case 8. the thought of having a big meal at home was all _ kept him happy while he was on the bus.a. that b. what c. those d. which 9. who is the woman _ is sweeping the floor over there?a. which b. / c. that d. when10. the foreign guests, _ were government officials, were warmly welcomed at the airport.a. most of themb. most of whomc. most of that d. most of those11. the expected results _ zhu zhiwen had worked hard seemed hopeful to him. a. after which b. for which c. with which d. at which 12. all of us want very much to read these recommended novels, especially _ you referred to just now.a. as b. whichc. the one d. that 13. the english play _ the famous actor acted was a great success. a. for which b. at which c. in which d. on which 14. i enjoyed the pictures of the river and they brought back the old days _ i swam in it.a. when b. that c. who d. where 15. we have eight managers in our company, and five of _ are in their twenties. a. them b. whom c. who d. which16. the place _ the hotel is supposed to be built should be _ the traffic is the most convenient.a. which; where b. at which; where c. at which; which d. which; in which 17. we hope that the measures to control the high prices of houses, _ are taken by the government, will work.a. that b. where c. which d. what18. smoking is a bad habit, _ you should get rid of. a. it b. that c. why d. one 19. by 16:30, _ was almost closing time, nearly all the paintings had been sold. (2012江西)a. which b. when c. what d. that20. after the flooding, people were suffering in that area, _ urgently needed clean water, medicine and shelter to survive. (2012江苏)a. which b. who c. where d. what 21. i can remember very few occasions _ he had to ask for leave because of ill health. a. who b. which c. why d. when 22. people who were injured or _ houses were destroyed in the earthquake were in urgent need of help. a. what b. whose c. which d. that 23. in many cases, westerners dont understand body language the way _.a. we do themb. we doc. which we do d. where we do24. it was from some simple raw materials, such as wood and steel, which he bought from the market _ my father made such elegant chairs. a. where b. that c. when d. which25. this is a subject _ we might argue for a long while. a. of which b. with which c. about which d. into which26. during my stay there, my friend showed me around the city, _ was very kind of him.a. which b. that c. where d. it27. it has been raining since the morning, _ prevents me from going to the park. a. thatb. whichc. what d. it28. my friend tells me that the doctor _ is leaving for shanghai next month.a. the nurse is talking to himb. whom the nurse is talkingc. the nurse is talking tod. who the nurse is talking29. barbara went back to the us a couple of months ago, by _ time she had learned some chinese folk dance. a. which b. that c. what d. whose30. there was _ time _ this style of dress was popular with young girls. a. a; that b. a; when c. the; that d. the; when参考答案及解析：1-5 dacdd 6-10 acacb 11-15 bccaa16-20 bcdab 21-25 dbbbc 26-30 abcab 1. d。做这类试题时，最好把它还原为陈述句，this is the website _we visited, 通过分析我们发现句子缺少关系代词，而且该关系代词应作visit的宾语，所以使用that/which，也可省略，故d为正确答案。 2. a。先行词为students, 定语从句中relatives缺少定语，故应选a。 3. c。定语从句的先行词为three weeks，during which time引导非限制性定语从句，意为“在那段时间内”。 4. d。句意：他学习努力后来成为一位著名的作家，这是他父亲所期盼的。which引导非限定性定语从句，指代前面整句话内容；在后面的定语从句中又含有一表语从句，连接代词what在从句中作expected的宾语。 5. d。句意：如今，很多人往往吃得多但很少锻炼，结果他们很容易就生病。as a result of which引导定语从句，表示结果。 6. a。考查“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，在此从句中，which指代前面所介绍的内容（在北京学习技术）。after which表示“然后”。 7. c。in which case引导定语从句，意为“如果是那样的话”。句意：他可能得住院，如果是那样的话，他就不去度假了。 8. a。先行词为all，所以只能使用关系代词that引导定语从句。 9. c。主句中有who时，用that引导定语从句。10. b。由于先行词为the foreign guests，指代人，所以应使用most of whom 结构引导非限定性定语从句。most为表示部分的代词。11. b。空格处应使用“介词+which”结构引导定语从句，该句含有 sb work hard for sth结构。12. c。especially意为“尤其，格外”，对前面的句子起补充说明的作用。句意：我们都很想读这些推荐的小说，尤其是你刚才谈到的那个。空格处缺少先行词，而非关系代词。关系代词在从句中作宾语，可以省略。13. c。在此句中“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句，先行词为play，介词的选择与play搭配，因此选c。14. a。本句中先行词为the old days，后面应使用关系副词when引导定语从句，when在句子中作时间状语。15. a。此句为并列句，由连词and连接两个分句，第二个分句应使用them作介词宾语。16.