情态动词讲解_免费下载.doc

2013名师汇集！ 一开始就有效情 态 动 词 小 结（一）情态动词概说 1情态动词也是“辅助性”动词，用来表示说话人的语气或情态。情态动词所表示的情态有：请求、命令、允诺、可能、需要、敢于、愿望、义务、能力等。 2情态动词本身有词义，但词义不完全，不能单独用作谓语，没有人称和数的变化，且后面只跟动词原形。如： 她会唱英文歌曲。 She cans sing an English song.（F） She can sings an English song.（F）She can sing an English song.（T） 4大多数的情态动词后面可以用动词不定式（多不带to）的进行时、完成时或被动形式，如：may, can, must等。 （二）情态动词的种类：（见下表）原 形过去式词 义cancould能maymight可以（或许）mustmust(had to)必须（不得不）willwould愿意shallshould应该needneeded需要daredared敢于（三）情态动词的否定形式：cannot - cant could not - couldnt may not- maynt might not- mightnt must not - mustnt will not - wont would not - wouldnt need not - neednt shall not - shant should not - shouldnt ought not - oughtnt dare not - darent （四）常用情态动词的用法：1can与could1） can（1）表示体力或脑力方面的“能力”，也能表示根据客观条件能做某事的“能力”。 He can drive. I cant catch up with Jim. can与be able to二者都表示“能够”，区别是：can只有现在时和过去式，而be able to可用于各种时态。（2）表示允许： You can go now. Can I use your bike? （3）表示推测： Who can it be? can表示猜测或怀疑只用于疑问句及否定句中。 2） could（1）表示客气地请求或委婉地陈述意见。 Could you go skating with me tomorrow? 2may与might1） may（1）表示请求、许可、可以 May I use your dictionary? Yes, please/certainly. May I come in? （2）表示推测说话人的猜测，认为某一事情“或许”或“可能”发生。 It may rain this afternoon. （3）may用于感叹句中可以表示祝愿或愿望。 May you have a good time! 2) might （1）替代may来表示现在时间的动作，主要于推测（但其可能性比may更低）。 Im afraid it might snow tomorrow. （2）委婉地表示请求（不是过去式）。 Might I ask you a question? Might you go there with me? 3must（1）表示义务，命令或必要。 Soldiers must obey orders. We must be strict with ourselves.（2）表示肯定的推测：一定 He must be at home.（对现在的猜测） He must be our new teacher.4shall与should1） shall 征求对方意见或请求，用于第一、三人称。表示“要不要？”、“好吗？” Shall I open the window? 2） should（1）should意思是“应该”，表示劝告或建议（=ought to） You should wash your hands before dinner. We should help each other. （2）用来表示可能性或猜测。 He should be in the office now. （3）should有时能表示说话人的情感等。 Its funny that they should be confident.（表示轻视）5. ought ought只有一种形式，后面常与to连用，意思是“应该”。 You ought to visit us often. 在表示“应该”时，ought to的语气比should要强，比must稍弱。 6need1）need意思是“需要，必须”，主要用于否定句和关系问句中。 You neednt come so early. 2) need后接名词做宾语时，表示“需要”某件事物，此时用作实义动词，与一般的实义动词用法完全一样。如： We need three apples. He doesnt need so many books. 7. dare1) dare意思是“敢”，用于肯定结构中时，后接加to的动词不定式。 The boy dared to climb up the tree. 2）dare用于否定句或疑问句中时，与大多数的情态动词一样，后接不带to的动词不定式。 The poor girl dare not go home. 8had better You had better see a doctor. You had better not leave now. 练习检测 1. Nobody _ do it. Let me _ . A. can, try B. cant, to try C. can, to try D. cant, trying2. “ _ you like _ bananas to eat?” “ Yes, please.” A. Would, some B. Will, any C. Could, any D. Can, some3. “ Can you answer this question in English?” “ Sorry, I _.” A. neednt B. may not C. cant D. mustnt4. “ _ I borrow your dictionary?” “ Certainly, here you are.” A. Must B. May C. Need D. Shall5. I _ see the words on the blackboard. _ you write a bit clearly? A. mustnt, Can B. dont, will C. cant, Can D. neednt, Could6. Its a sunny day today. You _ take a raincoat with you. A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. can7. Ive looked for my pen everywhere, but I _ find it. A. couldnt B. cant C. mustnt D. didnt8. “ _ I speak to Ann?” “ Speaking.” A. Must B. May C. Need D. Shall9. Shall we go to the zoo tomorrow? _. A. Yes, we shall B. Yes, you shall C. Yes, you will D. All right10. _ I take the newspaper away ? No, you mustnt. You _ read it only here. A. Must; can B. May; can C. Need; must D. Must; must11. - Must I stay at home and take care of her? - No, you _. A. mustnt B. wont C. cant D. neednt 12. - Can you mend a TV set? - No, I _. A. mustnt B. cant C. may not D. neednt答案解析: 1. A 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. C 6. C 7. B 8. B 9. D10. 表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方提建议、邀请等，可用“May I？”句型，故答案选B。11选D。12. 应选B。课外知识：一、单项选择(10分)( ) 1. Where _ you going for vacation ? A. are B. were C. do D. did( ) 2. She often goes shopping school _ her bike. A. with B. on C. by D. in( ) 3. You are going to Hawaii . _ sounds nice.A. You B. The C. That D. This( ) 4. How long are you going to Tibet ? Im going there _ a week .A. about B. in C. on D. for( ) 5. Im _ my friend in Hong Kong for vacation .A. looking B. visiting C. watching D. going( ) 6. _ is it from Wuhan to Nanjing ? Its about Sorry, I dont know .A. How long B. How soon C. How far D. How often( ) 7. In China it depends _ where you are .A. on B. in C. of D. off( ) 8. _ are you staying ? For about four days .A. How soon B. How often C. How long D. How many( ) 9. This year I want to do _ .A. something different B. different something C. anything different D. different anything( ) 10. She says that she is very tired , and she needs a rest. She wants _ exciting vacation. A. a B. the C. / D. an二、用括号内所给的词的正确形式填空(10分).21. We_ about going to Greece or Spain last month. (think)22. A lot of _ visit the Great Wall every day. (tour)23. I finished _ my last movie yesterday. (make)24. Things are _ in other parts of the world. (difference)25. There are many ways of _ the work . (do)26. Im _ to spend time in the beautiful countryside . (plan)27. There are a lot of _ in Hong Kong . (beach)28. He plans to have a very _ vacation . (relax)29. How do you go to work every day ? I go to work on _ . (feet)30. He is _ next week and staying until September .(leave) 三、从方框中选择适当的句子填空，补全对话。A. What do you mean? B. How long is it ? C. Do you ride to school every day ?D. I live at Jiangdong Street. E. Is it far from our school ? F. I think walking is good for your health. G. How far is it ?A: Where do you live ? B: _ (41)A: _(42)B: I think it is, but my grandfather says it is not far at all !A: _ (43)B: No , sometimes I ride to school but I often walk to school . My grandfather asks me to walk .A: _ (44)B: You are right , although I dont want to keep this good habit .A: _ (45)B: You know , it takes me a lot of time to get to school. 四、完形填空（每小题1分，共分） It 51 fine yesterday. Lily and I went to 52 Fujian Museum . It is 53 2 kilometres from my home. So we decided to go there 54 bike. We left 55 8 oclock. At the museum we 56 many photos and other things. 57 learned a lot.There we saw 58 children with their parents, students 59 their teachers. At ten oclock we left the museum 60 home. We had a good time today. ( ) 51. A. is B. were C. are D. was( ) 52. A. visit B. visited C. is visiting D. are visiting( ) 53. A. on B. to C. about D. from( ) 54. A. on B. by C. in D. at( ) 55. A. at B. for C. to D. in( ) 56. A. see B. are seeing C. saw D. sees( ) 57. A. They B. We C. Our D. Us( ) 58. A. a lot B. a lots C. lots of D. a lots of( ) 59. A. with B. and C. or D. so( ) 60. A. from B. for C. at D. go参考答案15 ABCDB 610 CACAD 21.