MPA MBA 研究生英语教程 课后翻译练习.doc

第一课课后翻译1. 事业成功的人具有他们看世界的方式，这种方式使得高层管理人员感到他们能出色地完成任何事，使得与他们共事的所有人都充满了热情和获胜的精神。他们的成功不仅取决于努力和天分，而且取决于态度。2. 我宣布：“我想成为金星上的第一名女性。父亲看着我，然后开始认真地制订行动计划。他说：首先，我不得不学习物理和天文学。我知道接着他幻想着我进入工业学校学习。他从不嘲笑我“此刻的梦想”。他似乎只是假定，让我假定我能做好下决心去做的事。3. 令人满意的家庭（社会生活）能让你扛住艰辛的一周所承受的压力,给予你一种思考方法。另外，在工作以外担任重要角色减轻了寄希望于一件事情上所带来的焦虑。社团或者慈善活动也能使你在工作之外感到充满力量并且很有价值。 第二课 V. Difficult sentences1. Vickys reaction is an extreme example of a common phenomenon. L7维基的反应是一个常见的现象中的极端的例子。Meaning: people having such feelings (when rejected) is very common, but in Vickys case her response was especially serious and unusual.人有这样的感觉(当拒绝)是很常见的,但在维基的情况特别严重,她的反应是不寻常的。2. Our society places so much emphasis onany failure is bad.(L7-8)。我们的社会如此推崇“成功”， 以至于我们认为凡失败都是坏事。有时候我们并没有看到貌似失败的事情可能从长远看来被证明为有利的。3. People are generally prone to”Two-valued orientation.”(L14-15)Meaning: People generally tend to look at things as having only two values, or two sides: anything that is not good must be bad, and that is not true must be false this two valued logic is called “the two-valued orientation” by Hayakawa. 人们大多受到语言学家SI早川所谓的“双值定向”的影响。4. Indeed, the words failure and success cannot be reasonably applied to a complex , living, changing human being. L19-20Meaning: it is certainly unfair just to label someone a failure or a successe, for a human being is a complex, living creature that keeps changing.事实上,失败与成功这个词不能合理应用描述复杂、鲜活、变化中的人。5. They never branch outgrade average.(L41-42)Meaning: they always stick to what they know and never try anything new or interesting because they dont want to endanger their GPA.他们从不扩大兴趣范围，涉足诱人的新领域，因为他们不想拿自己的平均积分点去冒险。Resist the natural impulse to blame someone else. 要抵制责怪别人的本能冲动，Meaning: Do not be tempted by the instinctive desire to blame your failure on someone else. 6. Success, which encouragesas failure.(L84-85)Meaning: success. does not teach you to perform as well as failure does.成功鼓励人们重复过去的行为，因而远不及失败这个老师来得好。7. You can learn from ain a second.(L85-86)你可以从一次极糟的晚会中学会如何举办一次成功的晚会， 从第一次不当的选房中学到下次选房时要注意些什么。Even a failure that seems total can prompt fresh thinking, a change of direction.(L86-87)Meaning: even what happens appears a complete failure can inspire meaningful new ideas or a positive change in ones course of action.即使一次看似彻底的失败也能激发新的思路，引起方向的改变。8. Though we may envyby courage in defeat.(L107-108)Meaning: though we may admire the confidence that people gain from their success, most of us are impressed by the courage that people show when they fail. 虽然我们也许会羡慕随着成功而来的自信，但我们大多数人都敬佩面对失败时的勇气。9. There is what might be calledmoving bravely on.(L110-112)有一种失败可以称作崇高的失败-即胸怀大志，竭尽全力，而在这被证明不够时，仍勇往直前这样一种独特的英雄主义。10. As R.W.Emerson said: “he is bound”(L112-117)正如拉尔夫沃尔多爱默生所说的：“一个人的成功是由多次失败组成的，因为他每天都在进行试验、冒险，他跌倒的次数越多，前进的速度也越快我听说在骑术中从没有摔过的骑手不是一个好骑手，一个人要被摔下马背后才会成为好骑手；那样他才不再因怕坠马而老是提心吊胆，才会任意纵马驰骋。” 课后Translation1、成功鼓励人们重复过去的行为，因而远不及失败这个老师来得好。你可以从一次极糟的晚会中学会如何举办一次成功的晚会，从第一次不当的选房中学到下次选房时要注意些什么。即使一次看似彻底的失败也能激发新的思路，引起方向的改变。 化失败为成功 维基是个漂亮，有天分，聪明的姑娘，上大学的时候就被选为“最有可能成功的人士”。她毕业后在一个大公司找到了一个很有前景的工作。工作了两年没有得到提升，结果被解雇了。 她完全精神崩溃了。“这太可怕了，”她后来告诉我，“一切都一帆风顺，我还从来没尝过被拒绝的滋味。我感觉自己是个失败者。”她的反应是一个普通现象的极端例子。 我们的社会如此推崇成功以至与我们认为任何失败都是坏事。有时我们认识不到看似失败的东西也许从长远来看大有裨益。比如，当维基能够冷静的思考为什么她会被解雇时，她意识到她只是并不适合从事老是与人打交道的工作而已。在文字编辑这一新的工作岗位上，她独挡一面，心情愉快，又一次成功了。 一般来说，人们都有语言学家S.H. 早川所谓的“双值定向”的影响。我们都说要看问题的两个方面，就像任何问题都只有两面似的。我们假定一个人要么是成功人士要么是失败者， 而事实上成功和失败都有无数多的量度。就像早川指出的那样，我失败过三次和我是一个失败者就有天壤之别。事实上，成功与失败这两个词并不能用来合理的描述一个复杂的，活生生的，不断变化的人。它们只能描述某一特殊时间，某一特殊地点的情况。 显然，没有哪个人能够样样精通。事实上，在某个方面成功常常会妨碍另一方面的成功。 一位有名的政治家有次告诉我说他的事业几乎毁了他的婚姻。“我没有时间顾及家人，”他解释到，“我经常外出旅行。即使在家里也难得与妻子儿女见面。我拥有了权力，金钱和声望但是，作为丈夫和父亲，我却是个失败者。” 某些成功有时候确实具有毁灭性。过早的成功具有特别严重的危害。我记得在我小时候有个女孩，她高超的溜冰技术表明她是个奥运人才。当我们其余的人在玩耍，骑自行车，读书甚至闲逛时，这个女孩却在滑冰每天放学后以及整个周末都在滑。她的照片经常出现在报纸上，我们都嫉妒她这种令人羡慕的生活。数年后，谈起早年的辉煌成就她却不无心酸。“除了溜冰，我从来没有为做别的事情做好准备，”她说，“我17岁时达到了顶峰自那以后，一直在走下坡路。” 来之太易的成功也具有破坏性。因一篇匆匆写成的论文而获奖的孩子，一个凭借运气侥幸在第一份工作中即出人头地的成年人都可能会在真正的挑战出现时面临失望。以牺牲某种经历的整体质量为代价得来的成功也是有害的。成功的学生有时候光沉迷于成绩而永远享受不到学校生活的乐趣。他们从不扩大兴趣范围涉足诱人的新领域，因为他们不想拿自己的平均积分点去冒险。（漏了一段） 为什么这么多人如此害怕失败？只不过是没人告诉我们如何失败从而使失败成为一种成长的经验。我们忘记了失败是人类状态的一部分，忘记了“每个人都有失败的权利。” 大多数父母不是竭力避免失败就是竭力不让孩子知道他们已经失败。一种方式是降低标准。孩子们匆匆做成的桌子，即使是制作粗燥而且摇摇晃晃，做母亲的也称之为“棒极了！”。 另一种方式是把过错推给别人。如果约翰数学不及格，那准是老师不公平或者太蠢。 种种失败预防机制的问题在于使孩子对现实世界的生活毫无准备。年轻人需要认识到没有人能样样都是最好的，没有人能始终获胜即使你没获胜，你也有可能享受到比赛的乐趣。如果一个孩子没有被邀请参加一个生日聚会，没有列入光荣榜，或没有进棒球队，他的感觉当然不爽。但是，父母不应该马上颁发安慰奖或者说，“没关系”，因为这实在是有关系的。应该让年轻人去经历失望然后再帮助他们去克服它。 失败从来都不是愉快事。无论成年人还是孩子，失败时都会伤心。但是一旦你学会利用它，它就会对你的生活起到积极的作用。第一步是要问：“为什么我会失败？”要抵制责怪比尔的本能冲动。问自己错在哪里了，如何能够改正。如果别人能帮你，那就不要羞于询问。 在我还是个青少年时，我没能得到我期望得到的一份工作，我就打电话问面试官落选的原因。“他们告诉我，”因为你迟到了10分钟。浪费别人时间的雇员我们可要不起。“这番解释让我消除了疑虑（我遭到拒绝并不是我这个人不行），并且使我受益匪浅。从那以后我再也没有为任何事迟到过。 成功鼓励人们重复过去的行为，因而远不如失败这个老师来的好。你可以从一次极其糟糕的晚会中学会如何举办一次成功的晚会，从第一次选房不当中学会下次选房时要注意什么。即使一次看似彻底的失败也能激发新的思路，引起方向的改变。 我的一个朋友，在学了12年代芭蕾舞后却没有成功地成为一个舞蹈家。一位芭蕾舞大师拒绝了她，这位大师说，“你一辈子也成不了舞蹈家。你没有舞蹈家的身材。这种情况下，利用失败的方式就是勇敢的做出判断，问自己，“我还剩下些什么？我能干些别的吗？”我的朋友收起来舞鞋，转入了舞蹈治疗，一个她不仅能够胜任而且对别人也有帮助的领域。 尽管我们会嫉妒那些伴随着成功而来的自信，但我们大多数人还是敬佩面对失败的勇气。这就是所谓的崇高的失败即胸怀大志，竭尽全力，而在这被证明不够时，扔勇往直前的一种特别的英雄主义。 正如拉尔夫-沃尔多-爱默生所说，“一个人的成功是由多次失败组成，因为他每天都在进行试验，冒险，而跌倒的次数越多，前进的速度越快.我听说在骑术中一个人要被摔下马后才能成为一个好骑手；那样在才不再怕坠马尔老是提心吊胆，才会任意纵马驰骋。” 第三课写三封感谢信亚利克斯黑利 1 It was 1943, during World War II, and I was a young U. S. coastguardsman. My ship, the USS Murzim, had been under way for several days. Most of her holds contained thousands of cartons of canned or dried foods. The other holds were loaded with five-hundred-pound bombs packed delicately in padded racks. Our destination was a big base on the island of Tulagi in the South Pacific. 那是在二战期间的1943年，我是个年轻的美国海岸警卫队队员。我们的船，美国军舰军市一号已出海多日。多数船舱装着成千上万箱罐装或风干的食品。其余的船舱装着不少五百磅重的炸弹，都小心翼翼地放在垫过的架子上。我们的目的地是南太平洋图拉吉岛上一个规模很大的基地。 2 I was one of the Murzims several cooks and, quite the same as for folk ashore, this Thanksgiving morning had seen us busily preparing a traditional dinner featuring roast turkey. 我是军市一号上的一个厨师，跟岸上的人一样，那个感恩节的上午，我们忙着在准备一道以烤火鸡为主的传统菜肴。 3 Well, as any cook knows, its a lot of hard work to cook and serve a big meal, and clean up and put everything away. But finally, around sundown, we finished at last. 当厨师的都知道，要烹制一顿大餐，摆上桌，再刷洗、收拾干净，是件辛苦的事。不过，等到太阳快下山时，我们总算全都收拾停当了。 4 I decided first to go out on the Murzims afterdeck for a breath of open air. I made my way out there, breathing in great, deep draughts while walking slowly about, still wearing my white cooks hat. 我想先去后甲板透透气。我信步走去，一边深深呼吸着空气，一边慢慢地踱着步，头上仍戴着那顶白色的厨师帽。 5 I got to thinking about Thanksgiving, of the Pilgrims, Indians, wild turkeys, pumpkins, corn on the cob, and the rest. 我开始思索起感恩节这个节日来，想着清教徒前辈移民、印第安人、野火鸡、南瓜、玉米棒等等。 6 Yet my mind seemed to be in quest of something else - some way that I could personally apply to the close of Thanksgiving. It must have taken me a half hour to sense that maybe some key to an answer could result from reversing the word Thanksgiving - at least that suggested a verbal direction, Giving thanks. 可我脑子里似乎还在搜索着别的事什么某种我能够赋予这一节日以个人意义的方式。大概过了半个小时左右我才意识到，问题的关键也许在于把Thanksgiving这个字前后颠倒一下那样一来至少文字好懂了：Giving thanks。 7 Giving thanks - as in praying, thanking God, I thought. Yes, of course. Certainly. 表达谢意就如在祈祷时感谢上帝那样，我暗想。对啊，是这样，当然是这样。 8 Yet my mind continued turning the idea over. 可我脑子里仍一直盘桓着这事。 9 After a while, like a dawns brightening, a further answer did come - that there were people to thank, people who had done so much for me that I could never possibly repay them. The embarrassing truth was Id always just accepted what theyd done, taken all of it for granted. Not one time had I ever bothered to express to any of them so much as a simple, sincere Thank you. 过了片刻，如同晨曦初现，一个更清晰的念头终于涌现脑际要感谢他人，那些赐我以诸多恩惠，我根本无以回报的人们。令我深感不安的实际情形是，我向来对他们所做的一切受之泰然，认为是理所应当。我一次也没想过要对他们中的任何一位真心诚意地说一句简单的谢谢。 10 At least seven people had been particularly and lastingly helpful to me. I realized, swallowing hard, that about half of them had since died - so they were forever beyond any possible expression of gratitude from me. The more I thought about it, the more ashamed I became. Then I pictured the three who were still alive and, within minutes, I was down in my cabin. 至少有七个人对我有过不同寻常、影响深远的帮助。令人难过的是，我意识到，他们中有一半已经过世了因此他们永远也无法接受我的谢意了。我越想越感到羞愧。最后我想到了仍健在的三位，几分钟后，我就回到了自己的舱房。 11 Sitting at a table with writing paper and memories of things each had done, I tried composing genuine statements of heartfelt appreciation and gratitude to my dad, Simon A. Haley, a professor at the old Agricultural Mechanical Normal College in Pine Bluff, Arkansas; to my grandma, Cynthia Palmer, back in our little hometown of Henning, Tennessee; and to the Rev. Lonual Nelson, my grammar school principal, retired and living in Ripley, six miles north of Henning. 我坐在摊着信纸的桌旁，回想着他们各自对我所做的一切，试图用真挚的文字表达我对他们的由衷的感激之情：父亲西蒙A黑利，阿肯色州派因布拉夫那所古老的农业机械师范学院的教授；住在田纳西州小镇亨宁老家的外祖母辛西娅帕尔默；以及我的文法学校校长，退休后住在亨宁以北6英里处的里普利的洛纽尔纳尔逊牧师。 13 The texts of my letters began something like, Here, this Thanksgiving at sea, I find my thoughts upon how much you have done for me, but I have never stopped and said to you how much I feel the need to thank you - And briefly I recalled for each of them specific acts performed on my behalf. 我的信是这样开头的：“出海在外度过的这个感恩节，令我回想起您为我做了那么多事，但我从来没有对您说过自己是多么想感谢您”我简短回忆了各位为我所做的具体事例。 14 For instance, something uppermost about my father was how he had impressed upon me from boyhood to love books and reading. In fact, this graduated into a family habit of after-dinner quizzes at the table about books read most recently and new words learned. My love of books never diminished and later led me toward writing books myself. So many times I have felt a sadness when exposed to modern children so immersed in the electronic media that they have little or no awareness of the marvelous world to be discovered in books. 例如，我父亲的最不同寻常之处在于，从我童年时代起，他就让我深深意识到要热爱书籍、热爱阅读。事实上，这一爱好渐渐变成一种家庭习惯，晚饭后大家围在餐桌旁互相考查近日所读的书以及新学的单词。我对书籍的热爱从未减弱，日后还引导我自己撰文著书。多少次，当我看到如今的孩子们如此沉迷于电子媒体时，我不由深感悲哀，他们很少，或者根本不了解书中所能发现的神奇世界。 15 I reminded the Reverend Nelson how each morning he would open our little country towns grammar school with a prayer over his assembled students. I told him that whatever positive things I had done since had been influenced at least in part by his morning school prayers. 我跟纳尔逊牧师提及他如何每天清晨和集合在一起的学生做祷告，以此开始乡村小学的一天。我告诉他，我后来所做的任何有意义的事，都至少部分地是受了他那些学校晨祷影响。 16 In the letter to my grandmother, I reminded her of a dozen ways she used to teach me how to tell the truth, to share, and to be forgiving and considerate of others. I thanked her for the years of eating her good cooking, the equal of which I had not found since. Finally, I thanked her simply for having sprinkled my life with stardust. 在给外祖母的信中，我谈到了她用了种种方式教我讲真话，教我与人分享，教我宽恕、体谅他人。我感谢她多年来让我吃到她烧的美味菜肴，离开她后我从来没吃过那么可口的菜肴。最后，我感谢她，因为她在我的生命中撒下美妙的遐想。 17 Before I slept, my three letters went into our ships office mail sack. They got mailed when we reached Tulagi Island. 睡觉前，我的这三封信都送进了船上的邮袋。我们抵达图拉吉岛后都寄了出去。 18 We unloaded cargo, reloaded with something else, then again we put to sea in the routine familiar to us, and as the days became weeks, my little personal experience receded. Sometimes, when we were at sea, a mail ship would rendezvous and bring us mail from home, which, of course, we accorded topmost priority. 我们卸了货，又装了其它物品，随后我们按熟悉的常规，再次出海。 一天又一天，一星期又一星期，我个人的经历渐渐淡忘。我们在海上航行时，有时会与邮船会合，邮船会带给我们家信，当然这是我们视为最紧要的事情。 19 Every time the ships loudspeaker rasped, Attention! Mail call! two hundred-odd shipmates came pounding up on deck and clustered about the two seamen, standing by those precious bulging gray sacks. They were alternately pulling out fistfuls of letters and barking successive names of sailors who were, in turn, shouting back Here! Here! amid the pushing. 每当船上的喇叭响起：“大伙听好！邮件点名！”200名左右的水兵就会冲上甲板，围聚在那两个站在宝贵的鼓鼓囊囊的灰色邮袋旁的水手周围。两人轮流取出一把信，大声念收信水手的名字，叫到的人从人群当中挤出，一边应道：“来了，来了！” 20 One mail call brought me responses from Grandma, Dad, and the Reverend Nelson - and my reading of their letters left me not only astonished but more humbled than before. 一次“邮件点名”带给我外祖母，爸爸，以及纳尔逊牧师的回信我读了信，既震惊又深感卑微。 21 Rather than saying they would forgive that I hadnt previously thanked them, instead, for Petes sake, they were thanking me - for having remembered, for having considered they had done anything so exceptional. 他们没有说他们原谅我以前不曾感谢他们，相反，他们向我致谢，天哪，就因为我记得，就因为我认为他们做了不同寻常的事。 22 Always the college professor, my dad had carefully avoided anything he considered too sentimental, so I knew how moved he was to write me that, after having helped educate many young people, he now felt that his best results included his own son. 身为大学教授的爸爸向来特别留意不使用任何过于感情化的文字，因此，当他对我写道，在教了许许多多的年轻人之后，他认为自己最优秀的学生当中也包括自己的儿子时，我知道他是多么地感动。 23 The Reverend Nelson wrote that his decades as a simple, old-fashioned principal had ended with schools undergoing such swift changes that he had retired in self-doubt. I heard more of what I had done wrong than what I did right, he said, adding that my letter had brought him welcome reassurance that his career had been appreciated. 纳尔逊牧师写道，他那平凡的传统校长的岁月随着学校里发生的如此迅猛的变化而结束，他怀着自我怀疑的心态退了休。“说我做得不对的远远多于说我做得对的，” 他写道，接着说我的信给他带来了振奋人心的信心：自己的校长生涯还是有其价值的。 24 A glance at Grandmas familiar handwriting brought back in a flash memories of standing alongside her white rocking chair, watching her settin down some letter to relatives. Character by character, Grandma would slowly accomplish one word, then the next, so that a finished page would consume hours. I wept over the page representing my Grandmas recent hours invested in expressing her loving gratefulness to me - whom she used to diaper! 一看到外祖母那熟悉的笔迹，我顿时回想起往日站在她的白色摇椅旁看她给亲戚写信的情景。外祖母一个字母一个字母地慢慢拼出一个词，接着是下一个词，因此写满一页要花上几个小时。捧着外祖母最近花费不少工夫对我表达了充满慈爱的谢意，我禁不住流泪从前是她给我换尿布的呀。 25 Much later, retired from the Coast Guard and trying to make a living as a writer, I never forgot how those three thank you letters gave me an insight into how most human beings go about longing in secret for more of their fellows to express appreciation for their efforts. 许多年后，我从海岸警卫队退役，试着靠写作为生，我一直不曾忘记那三封“感谢”信是如何使我认识到，大凡人都暗自期望着有更多的人对自己的努力表达谢意。 29 Now, approaching another Thanksgiving, I have asked myself what will I wish for all who are reading this, for our nation, indeed for our whole world - since, quoting a good and wise friend of mine, In the end we are mightily and merely people, each with similar needs. First, I wish for us, of course, the simple common sense to achieve world peace, that being paramount for the very survival of our kind. 现在，感恩节又将来临，我自问，对此文的读者，对我们的祖国，事实上对全世界，我有什么祝愿，因为，用一位善良而且又有智慧的朋友的话来说，“我们究其实都是十分相像的凡人，有着相似的需求。”当然，我首先祝愿大家记住这一简单的常识：实现世界和平，这对我们自身的存亡至关重要。 30 And there is something else I wish - so strongly that I have had this line printed across the bottom of all my stationery: Find the good - and praise it. 此外我还有别的祝愿这一祝愿是如此强烈，我将这句话印在我所有的信笺底部：“发现并褒扬各种美好的事物。” 第四课How to Avoid Foolish Opinions(如何避免愚 To avoid the various foolish opinions to which mankind is prone, no superhuman genius is required. If the matter is one that can be settled by observation,make the observation yourself.Many matters, however, are less easily brought to the test of experience. If, like most of mankind, you have passionate convictions on many such matters,there are ways in which you can make yourself aware of your own bias. If an opinion contrary to your own makes you angry, that is a sign that you are subconsciously aware of having no good reason for thinking as you do. If someone maintains that two and two are five, or that Iceland is on the equator, you feel pity rather than anger, unless you know so little of arithmetic or geography that his opinion shakes your own contrary conviction. The most savage controversies are those about matters as to which there is no goodevidence either way. Persecution is used in theology, not in arithmetic, because in theology there is only opinion. So wheneveryou find yourself getting angry about a difference of opinion, be on your guard; you will probably find, on examination, that your belief is going beyond what the evidence warrants. A good way of ridding yourself of certain kinds of dogmatism is to become aware of opinions held in social circles different from your own. If the people and the newspaper seem mad, perverse, and wicked, remind yourself that you seem so to them. In this opinion both parties may be right, but they cannot both be wrong. This reflection should generate a certain caution. For those who have enough psychological imagination, it is a good plan to imagine an argument with a person having a different bias. This has one advantage, and only one, as compared with actual conversation with opponents; this one advantage is that the method is not subject to the same limitations of time and space.如何避免愚蠢的观点 人类要避免容易产生的各种愚蠢的观点，并不需要超人的天才。假如是一个通过观察就可以解决的问题，那你就亲自去观察一下。然而许多问题通过经验并不容易验证。倘若你跟大多数人一样，对于许多诸如此类的问题坚信不移，以下几种方式可以让你意识到你自己的偏见。如果一个跟你相反的观点让你生气的话，那就表明在潜意识里你明白你那么想并没有充足的理由。有人若是坚持认为二加二等于五或冰岛位于赤道，你会感到怜悯而非愤怒：除非你对算术或地理几乎一无所知，他的观点因此动摇了你相反的信念。最蛮不讲理的论争是双方就某些问题争辩不休，可是都拿不出令人信服的证据。神学中有迫害，算术则没有，这是因为神学只有观点。 因此，无论何时，当你发现自己因为与他人观点不同而恼怒时，你就得留神了；一经检验，你很可能发现你的信念并没有足够的证据。 使自己摆脱某些教条观念的好办法之一是了解自己生活圈子以外人们所持的观点。你要是觉得有些人、某一份报纸狂热，有悖常理，而且邪恶，这时你就得提醒自己，在他们眼里你没有什么两样。这么想双方都可能是对的，却不可能都是错的。进行这样的反思，应该能使人保持一定的警觉。译文： 如何避免蠢见 要避免各种人们易持的愚蠢观点并不需要过人的天赋。如果这一问题是可以通过观察加以澄清的，那就观察好了。不过有很多问题用经验来检验会比较困难。即使你像大多数人那样，在此类事情上执迷不悟，还是有方法让你意识到自己的偏见。如果与你相左的观点激怒了你，这恰恰说明了你已经下意识地知道自己还没法给自己的想法以合适的理由。如果有人坚称二加二等于五，或者冰岛在赤道上，你更多的是感到同情而非愤怒，除非你对算术或地理几无所知，以致他的观点动摇了你的立场。最要命的分歧是，双方都无法给自己的观点提出合理的证据。迫害往往发生在神学领域，而非算术上，因为在神学中只能持一种立场。所以不管发现自己对不同的意见有多么气恼，一定