M2U3Grammar.ppt

Pastperfecttense Grammarandusage 1 WhenMarkopenedthedoor hesawawomanstandingthere He herbefore A neversawB hadneverseenC neverseesD hasneverseen2 Thenewscameasnosurprisetome forI ofitearlier A hearB heardC haveheardD hadheard Haveatry Form haddone Whentouse hadnotdone hadn tdone Hadsbdone 1 Upontheirenteringthetomb Carter sluckypetbird whichhehadleftinCairo wasswallowedbyasnake Present Past CarterlefthisluckypetbirdinCairo Carter sluckypetbirdwasswallowedbyasnake CarteropenedKingTutankhamun stomb 2 ThenafewmonthsafterCarterhadopenedthetomb LordCarnarvonfellillwithafeveranddied LordCarnarvonfellillanddied Past Present 用法一 表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态 ThetrainhadleftbeforeIreachedthestation Wehadcompletedourmatchwhenthebellrang Themeetingbeganafterallthemembershadarrived Hehadfinishedhisreportbylastweek Sheknewshehadmethimsomewhereelse 6 Catersaidthattheyhadhiddentheentrancetothetomb 主语 过去完成时 before when从句 从句用一般过去时 主语 一般过去时 after 从句 从句用过去完成时 主语 过去完成时 by过去时间 主语 told said knew heard thought 宾语从句 从句用过去完成时 典型句型 Present Past Theygotmarried Theyseparated 3 Theyhadbeenmarriedfortenyearsbeforetheyseparated 10years 用法二 表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态 典型句型 主语 过去完成时 since for时间状语 4 Ihadplannedtogoshoppinglastnight butsomeonecalledandIcouldn tgetaway 5 Hehadthoughtyouwouldacceptedhisinvitation 用法三 think hope mean suppose want expect plan 用于过去完成时表示本以为 希望 打算等 Anotheramazingperson AmeliaEarhart ShewasafemalepilotfromAmerica Doyouwanttoknowherlifestory Whywassheamazing Practice Completethestoryonpage49 AmeliaEarhartwasbornon24thJuly1897 Shehadanexcitingchildhood BeforeshemovedtoDesMoines she already herfirstairplane She toChicago sixyearslater SheworkedasanurseintheFirstWorldWarandbecameinterestedinflying She already flyinglessonsbeforesheboughtherfirstplane Thenherinterestinflyingreallybegantogrow In1929 sheorganizedanairraceforwomen Ayearearlier she thefirstwomanairpassengertoflyacrosstheAtlantic had seen moved had taken hadbecome ShemarriedGeorgePutnamin1931 They threeyearsbeforewhenheinterviewedherinNewYork In1932 shebecamethefirstwomantoflyaloneacrosstheAtlantic On1June1937 she herround the worldflight TheflightwentwellinJune ShereachedNewGuineaonthe29th She flyingnearlyamonthearlier WhenbasetriedtocontactAmeliaat9 30p m 0n2ndJuly1937 she already missing hadmet started hadstarted had gone Thesimplepasttenseorthepastperfecttense Finishtheexerciseonpage50 WhentheTitanicwasbuilt peopleassumeditwouldneversink So whenitsankonitsfirstjourney thenews 1 surprise everyonegreatly TheTitanicwasbuiltinBelfast Ireland Itsmakers spend agreatdealofmoneybuildingtheship Whenit finish itwasthelargestandmostcomfortableshipeverbuilt TheTitanicsetsailon10thApril1921 I want tosetfootontheTitaniceversinceitwasbuilt saidMollyBrown aTitanicsurvivor Ineverthoughtitwouldsink On13thApril theTitanicwassailingatfullspeedtowardsNewYork surprised spent wasfinished hadwanted Thecaptain who receive warningsabouticebergsallday haddismissedthewarningsasthey arrive At2 20a m theTitanicsankintothesea It hit anicebergjustovertwohoursbefore Ofthe2 208peopleaboardtheship only705 survive ExplorerRobertBallard 10 search fortheTitanicformorethan20yearbeforehefoundit Whennewtechnologywasdeveloped we 11 use ittosendcamerasdownintosea Finally wefoundtheship Withhiscameras hewasabletofindtheholealongthesideoftheshipwhich 12 cause ittofillwithwaterandsink hadreceived arrived hadhit hadsearched used hadcaused survived Summary Whetherthesimplepasttenseorthepastperfecttenseisuseddependsonthesequenceoftheevents Thepresentperfectorthepastperfect HowardCarterisoneofthemostfamousexplorerstheworldhaseverknown Past Present Future HowardCarterbecamefamous Summary Thepresentperfecttenseisusedwhenwearetalkingaboutapasteventwhichrelatestothepresenttime Thepresentperfectorthepastperfect Past Present ThetombofKingTutankhamenhadbeenopened PeopleinCarter steambegantofallillanddiestrangely NotlongafterthetombofKingTutankhamenhadbeenopened peopleinCarter steambegantofallillanddiestrangely Summary ThePastPerfecttenseisusedwhenwearediscussingthepastandwanttotalkaboutanevenearlierevent HowardCartersaidthathehadstayedinEgyptformorethan30years searchingforthetombsoftheEgyptiankings Thepresentperfectorthepastperfect Whatarethedifferencesbetweenthem Summary Whenwechangeasentencefromthedirectspeechintotheindirectspeechlikethis thetensewillbechangedfromthepresentperfecttothepastperfecttense HowardCartersaid IhavestayedinEgyptformorethan30years searchingforthetombsoftheEgyptiankings 过去完成时与现在完成时的区别 现在完成时表示的是延续到现在或与现在有关的动作过去完成时表示的是在过去某时之前已经完成或延续到过去某时的动作 句中有表示过去特定时间的状语 比较下面两个句子 Shehadbeenillforaweekbeforeshecameback Shehasbeenillforaweek 生病发生在 过去的过去 现在仍在生病 Anotheramazingperson CaiLun Whatdidhesay Andwhatdidhedo Readthesentencesonpage51andthencompletethearticle TheinventorofpaperCaiLunisafamousChineseinventor knownforinventingpaper CaiinventedpaperinAD105 but manyothertimes Beforehisinventionworked Cai usingmanydifferentpartsoftreesandplants andoldfishingnetstomakepaper AfterCaiinventedpaper peoplealloverChinausedit AtthattimeintheWest noone ofCaiorpaper TheydidnotlearnhowtomakepaperuntilAD751 Westernerswho severalChinesepapermakersduringawartoldpeopleintheWestaboutCai sinvention Oncethepapermakers peoplehowtomakepaper itwasusedallovertheworld hadfailed hadtried hadheard hadcaught hadshown Languagepointsupon on one s doingsth某人一 就 assoonassbdosth atthe n beswallowedbyasnakehide 隐藏 theentrancetothetomb hide hid hidden hidefrom躲避 向 保守秘密 隐瞒workas serveas任职 担当organizeanairrace组织一场航空 飞行比赛flyacrosstheAtlantic飞跃大西洋marrysb娶某人bemarriedtosb嫁给某人marrysbtosb把某人嫁给某人8 interviewsb haveaninterviewwithsb对某人访问interviewer interviewee9 round the worldflight环球旅行10 trytogetintouchwithsb努力去与某人取得联系11 sendlastradiosignal发送最后一个广播信号 12 Peopleassumedthatitwouldneversink It sassumedthattheshipwouldneversink n assumption13 sinkonitsfirstjourney在它的首航中下沉14 spendagreatdealofmoneybuildingtheextraordinaryship花大量资金