论文多通道超声探伤系统中的高速通信接口技术.doc

超声无损检测论文：多通道超声探伤系统中的高速通信接口技术【中文摘要】当前我国高速铁路发展迅猛,并在许多方面位居世界前列。在高速铁路高速、安全、可靠、准点、平稳、舒适、卫生、方便等各种需求中,确保安全是第一位的。而动车空心轴无损检测是保障安全至关重要的一环。目前我国动车空心轴在役检测在用的设备是引进德国和日本两种产品,在实际使用中,无论是德国还是日本技术设备,均存在以下几个问题:(1)不能兼容在用的全部车型空心轴探伤;(2)实时采集到的图像数据传输给PC机速率有限,仅为百兆以太网,不利于高速实时数据的上传;(3)探伤速度有限,原德国进口仪器探1根空心轴约12分钟;(4)探伤灵敏度余量不够。为此,在未来我国投入实际运营的动车组数量将会大幅增加,相应的动车组无损检测任务也将随之剧增的情况下,在国内研制能够对我国现有的动车组空心轴全部兼容探伤的空心轴无损检测专用设备,实现对动车组空心轴快速,全面自动化检测,同时检测结果明了,易于检测人员对车轴的状态进行判断,对检测数据能够进行记录存档,以便回放、调用、统计和比较,保证不漏判,显得比较迫切,且有着日益增长的迫切需求。随着SOPC、嵌入式操作系统以及嵌入式千兆以太网技术的发展,为超声探伤仪的数据传输,提供了高效廉价的解决方案。嵌入式千兆以太网使得数据传输的实时性得到保证,同时千兆以太网采用的传输介质大大提高了数据传输的稳定性,并且由于采用了通用性强的基于网络SOCKET编程的TCP/IP协议,有着很强的通用性和移植性。本文采用高速高性能可编程逻辑器件FPGA,利用内部Nios嵌入式处理器,加载uC/OS-实时操作系统,基于NicheStack TCP/IP协议栈,采用Socket API编程,详细阐述了在多通道超声探伤系统中实现嵌入式千兆以太网的过程。通过安装在上位机上的WiresharkNetworkAnalyzer软件测试,实验结果表明:(1)传输数据准确,接收数据与发送数据完全一致,无错漏;(2)传输速度稳定,经连续24小时传输测试,速度稳定,没有大的波动;(3)传输速度可以达到10MB/s。且经过后续改进,相信性能还有提升空间,为多通道超声探伤系统中高速大容量的实时数据传输提供了可靠的平台,利于更加高效准确的做出探伤检测判断。【英文摘要】The high-speed railway in China is developing rapidly, and ranked in the world in many ways. In the high-speed railway high-speed, safe, reliable, punctual, smooth and comfortable, health, convenience and other needs, make sure safety is first. The non-destructive testing of hollow shaft motor car is safety-critical part. Hollow shaft of motor car in service testing is currently using equipment imported from Germany or Japan, in actual use, either from Germany or Japan , there are several problems:(1) Not compatible with all models in use hollow shaft testing;(2) Real-time image acquisition to the PC-speed data transmission is limited, only Fast Ethernet, is not conducive to high-speed real-time data upload;(3) Testing speed is limited, the original equipment imported from Germany, needes about 12 minutes for exploring a hollow shaft;(4) Detection sensitivity margin is not enough.The actual investment in the future operation of EMU will be a substantial increase in the number , and the corresponding non-destructive testing task of EMU will increase sharply, in the case, developing NDT inspection equipment which is compatible with all models in use hollow shaft in China, achieve rapidly, fully automated testing, while test results clear, easy-to-inspectors to judge the state of the axle, the test data can be recorded on file for playback , call, statistics and compare to ensure that no missing, seems more urgent and pressing with the growing demand.The fast development of SOPC, embedded operating system and embedded Gigabit Ethernet technology, provides efficient and affordable solution of data transmission in ultrasonic flaw detectors. Embedded Gigabit Ethernet enables real-time data transmission guaranteed, while Gigabit Ethernet transmission medium used greatly improves the stability of data transmission, and thanks to the use of web-based programming SOCKET TCP / IP protocol, has a strong versatility and portability. In this paper, using high-speed and high-performance programmable logic device FPGA, with Niosembedded processor, loading uC / OS-real-time operating system, based on NicheStack TCP / IP protocol stack, using Socket API programming, we describe the design of embedded Gigabit Ethernet in a multi-channel ultrasonic inspection system in detail. Testing with WiresharkNetworkAnalyzer installed In the host computer, and the results show that:(1) Accurately data transmission, receiving and sending data are in exactly the same data, no errors and omissions;(2) Transmission speed is stable, continuous 24-hour transmission test, the speed is stable, no major fluctuations;(3) Transmission speed is up to 10MB / s.And after a subsequent improvement, I believe there is room for improvement, we will provide a reliable platform for the high-speed large-capacity data transmission in real time in multi-channel ultrasonic inspection system, which will help make detection of judgments more efficiently and accurately.【关键词】超声无损检测 千兆以太网 TCP/IP Nios【英文关键词】Ultrasonic NDT Gigabit Ethernet TCP / IP Nios II【目录】多通道超声探伤系统中的高速通信接口技术摘要3-5ABSTRACT5-6第一章 前言9-121.1 超声无损检测的发展历程与现状9-101.2 课题研究的目的与内容10-111.3 论文的结构与安排11-12第二章 超声无损检测概述12-192.1 超声无损检测基本原理12-142.1.1 根据采用超声波的种类分类12-132.1.2 根据所利用的超声波波型分类132.1.3 根据超声波进入被检工件的方式分类13-142.1.4 根据所用超声探头的形式种类分类142.1.5 根据超声检测时发射与接收信号的通道数量分类142.2 常规数字超声探伤系统的基本构成14-192.2.1 发射模块15-162.2.2 接收模块16-172.2.3 数字信号处理与收发控制模块172.2.4 系统控制与图像显示存储模块17-182.2.5 电源模块18-19第三章 多通道超声探伤系统的总体架构19-233.1 整机架构图与功能分析20-223.2 关键技术分析22-23第四章 多通道超声探伤系统中高速通信接口的实现23-504.1 千兆以太网简介234.2 千兆以太网的嵌入式解决方案概述23-264.2.1 整体设计方案23-244.2.2 千兆以太网接口的硬件实现24-2