情态动词+have done.doc

情态动词+have+done是历年高考的重点和难点之一，现将其用法总结归纳如下： 一、 “must+have+done”表示对过去事情的肯定推测，译成“一定做过某事”，该结构只用于肯定句。 1. It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. 昨晚一定下雨了，因为地面还是湿的。 2. You must have been mad to speak to the servant. 你和仆人说话，一定是发疯了。 二、 “cant+have+done”表示对过去事情的否定推测，译成“不可能做过某事”。 1. Mr. Smith cant have gone to Beijing, for I saw him in the library just now. 史密斯先生不可能去北京了，我刚才还在图书馆见过他。 2. Mary cant have stolen your money. She has gone home. 玛丽不可能偷你的钱，她回家去了。 三、 “can+have+done”表示对过去行为的怀疑，用于疑问句，译成“可能做过吗？”。 1. There is no light in the room. Can they have gone out? 屋里没有灯，他们可能出去了吗？ 2. There is nowhere to find them. Where can they have gone? 到处找不到他们，他们可能到什么地方去呢？ 四、 “could+have+done”是虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是本来能够做某事而没有做。 He could have passed the exam, but he was too careless. 本来他能够通过考试，但是他太粗心。 五、 “may+have+done”表示对发生过的事情的推测，意思是“可能已经”或“也许已经”，用于肯定句中。 What has happened to George? I dont know. He may have got lost. 乔治发生了什么事？ 我不知道，他可能迷路了。 六、 “might+have+done”表示对过去事情的推测，might与may意思相同，但可能性更小。多用于虚拟语气结构中。 1. He might have given you more help, even though he was busy. (MET90) 他或许会多给你一些帮助，即使他很忙。 2. She might have achieved greater progress, if you had given her more chances. 如果你多给她点机会，她可能已经取得更大的成绩。 七、“would+have+done”虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是“本来会做而没做”。 1. I would have told you all about the boys story, but you didnt ask me. 我本来会告诉你这个小男孩的故事，但是你没有问我。 2. Without your help, I wouldnt have achieved so much. 没有你的帮助，我是不会取得如此大的成绩。 八、 “should+have+done”意思是“本来应该做某事，而实际没做。” “shouldnt+have+done”表示本来不应该做某事，而实际做了。含有指责对方或自责的含意。 1. Tom, you are too lazy. The work should have been finished yesterday. 汤姆，你太懒惰了，这项工作本来应该昨天就做完的。 2. Look, Tom is crying. I shouldnt have been so harsh on him. 看，汤姆哭了，我本来不应该对他如此严厉。 九、 “ought to+have+done”表示过去应该做而实际并没有做，译成“理应做”，往往表示遗憾。与“should+have+done”用法基本一样。 I ought to have gone home last Sunday. 我理应上星期日回家。 You ought not to have given him more help. 你不应该帮助他那么多。 十、 “need+have+done”表示本来需要做某事而没有做。“neednt+have+done”则表示“本来不需要做某事而做了”。 I neednt have bought so much wineonly five people came. 我本来没有必要买这么多酒，只来了五个人。 He need have hurried to the station. In that case, be wouldnt have missed the train. 他本来需要快点去车站，那样的话，他就不会误了火车。巩固性练习：从A、B、C、D中选择最佳答案。 1 Harry _ have won the Physics competition easily yesterday, but he gave up. A. could B. might C. should D. must 2 -Tom took away our teachers cell phone without being permitted. - Really? I cant imagine that he _ have done such a thing. A. must B. may C. can D. should 3 - Was it you that made the suggestion? - It have been. I cant remember. A. need B. must C. should D. May 4 He paid for a seat, when he _ have entered free(免费地). A. could B. would C. must D. need 5 I didnt see her in the meeting room this morning. She at the meeting . A. mustnt have spoken B. mightnt have spoken C. cant have spoken D. shouldnt have spoken 6 - Hi, is that Peter Brown? -Sorry. You _ the wrong number .A. must dial B. must have dialed C. should dial D. should have dialed 7 I was on the highway when this car went past followed by a police car . They _ at least 150 kilometers an hour . A. should have been doing B. must have been doing C. could have done D. would have done 8. He is not poor. You _ have lent him the money. A. cant B. neednt C. couldnt D. mustnt 9. There was plenty of time. You _ have hurried. A. wont B. mustnt C. neednt D. couldnt 10. I _ here in time, but I met an old friend of mine. I stopped and talked with him for some time. A. shouldnt have come B. must have come C. neednt have come D. could have come 11. They _ have finished the work yesterday, but it was raining hard. A. must B. could C. should D. might 12.He looks sad. Something _ to him. ( 05江西 22题 ) A. must happen B. should have happened C. could have happened D. must have happened 13. I didnt hear the phone. I _ asleep. (MET 89) A. must be B. must have been C. should be D. should have been 14. - I rang your home yesterday. A man answered but I didnt recognize the voice. - On, it _ my brother, Peter. A. must be B. must