电子商务对国际贸易的影响及对策分析.docx

在互联网技术快速发展下，电子商务具备的优越性十分明显。现阶段，电子商务与国际贸易的有效融合，已经引领国际贸易实现变革。而电子商务作为一项依赖网络的商业方式，一般是运用电子邮件和电子信息交换和电子转账等相关技术完成个人企业与国家之间的相关贸易交换。同时电子商务的运用打破了以往的商业交换方式与竞争模式，在一定程度上有效强化了企业间的合作，目前已经成为主流的商务模式。其是一项现代化的运营方式，电气商务在国际贸易市场中有着深远影响。一、国际贸易中的电子商务重要性（一）物色贸易伙伴。物色有关贸易伙伴作为开展与组织国家贸易的基础。充分应用电子商务合理物色贸易伙伴，不但能够节约大量的人力和物力投资，还不会受到时间与地点的限制。首先，企业一定要创建自己的网站或是利用相关国际贸易中电子商务平台向各个潜在客户提供产品与服务信息，然后吸引有关贸易伙伴进行贸易的开展。其次，企业能够主动上网查询相关经贸信息，然后寻求理想的合作贸易伙伴。（二）网上咨询和洽谈。咨询洽谈作为国际贸易业务的重要程序，其还是国际贸易实现成功交易的主要环节。因特网不但具备便捷和低成本等通讯功能，还具备高效和容量相对比较大的信息处理功能，同时在国际商务咨询和洽谈活动中也拥有十分关键的功能。这样买卖双方能够利用电子邮件和新闻组等充分了解市场与商品相关信息，进行交易事物的洽谈，若是存在进一步需求，还能够应用网上白板会议实现相关图形信息的交流。应用因特网完成咨询与洽谈能够跨越面对面的制约，并且提供更为便捷的异地与时间交流方法。二、电子商务对国家贸易产生的影响（一）在国际市场中创造贸易机会。交互式的网络方式可以为国际贸易提供一个信息相对完善的市场环境，有效解除了以往贸易活动过程中物质和时间以及空间等相关限制条件，完成了资源跨国的传递以及信息共享，部分企业在以往国际贸易市场环境中无法克服的劣势与竞争劣势得到有效解决。因为信息在互联网中有效流动，可以在一定程度上降低国际贸易进行交易时的不确定性与市场发展盲目性，有效避免由于信息不全面或是信息不对称等造成的国际市场垄断现象，可以实现国际市场相关资源的科学撇子与全球范围之内的动态资源合理、优化配置。（二）统一国际市场。现阶段，互联网已可以覆盖大部分国家，而且连结的网络也达到了10万多，其中终端用户正在以每年30%的速率增长。以互联网作为基础，创建全球统一化的虚拟电子商务市场。同时市场兼职规律能够在全球范围之内产生作用。而虚拟市场的创建已经超越传统地理界线的限制，可以使商品和服务等相关信息在全球范围中实现准确流动，展现出公开和完整以及实时等相关特点，在一定程度上有效降低进出口双方信息存在的不对称性，防止市场信息不全面造成的扭曲，保证价值规律可以实现作用的充分发挥。（三）推动国际贸易增长。电子商务的交货方式能够有效取代其他模式的交货手段。经过电子商务产生的交易额可以取代其他相关方式产生的贸易额。若是交易额相应电子交易额不断上升时，而有形的货物运输交易额就会降低。可是，电子上我的交易额能够减低价格，加强国际需求。另外，电子商务能够打破时空的制约，经过信息的传递与共享，可以推动国际贸易的进一步发展。三、运用电子商务推动国际贸易的对策（一）强化技术研究，实现关键技术的创新。技术问题直接影响着电子商务的发展，同时也是许多国家十分注重的问题。国内在此方面的发展和发达国家相比较而言，基础相对薄弱。由于电子商务的发展关系到银行和海关以及保险的多个行业，因此要求相关部门一定要协调合作。同时还应该加强电子支付和保密技术的深入研究，创建全国贸易的专用网络，进而推动国际贸易的安全、稳定发展。（二）完善电子商务有关法律法规。对于电子商务而言，国内有关配套法律和法规的发展并未与时代同步。同时电子商务的信息特点要求一定要制定具体的法律政策，从而有效规范与管理国际贸易市场。唯有严格遵守法律和法规以及责任，才可以享受电子商务带来的国际贸易服务。而为了推动电子商务与国际贸易进一步发展，一定要创建以电子商务特点作为基础的相关法律和法规，并且加强电子商务的监督管理力度，有效改进有关法律和法规，从而为电子商务的进一步发展奠定良好基础。（三）培养电子商务人才。大力培养电子商务人才，适应时代的发展。电子商务技术和业务应用以及相关管理人才，特别是管理人才十分匮乏。而电子商务的开展为商务管理和商务活动以及商务理论等的有效融合，不管是培养电子商务的管理或是电子商务活动人才，都要求人才具备商务理论和实践能力，这样才可以促进国际贸易的进一步发展。（四）加速信息基础设施建设。信息基础设施作为发展电子商务的主要物质基础，唯有加大基础设施的成本投资，才可以推动电子商务的快速发展。国内在信息基础设施的建设方面尽管取得一定成果，可以与发达国家相比依然存在明显差距。对此，应该重视广电网与联通网等相关网络系统应用，相关部门要改进原有的收费制度，创建社会公众可以适应的收费体制。在加快信息的基础设施建设过程中，要对国内原有的网络资源完成充分应用。结束语：在电子商务时代，所有国家都要应用科学、有效的对策加以应付，而在国际贸易中合理应用电子商务特点，能够使国际贸易活动满足电子商务时代发展的相关需求。通过对电子商务在国际贸易中的作用的以及产生的影响，制定了多种应对措施，从而促进我国社会经济的进一步发展。In under the rapid development of Internet technology, electronic commerce has the superiority is very obvious. At present, the electronic commerce and the effective integration of international trade, international trade has led to achieve change. And electronic commerce as a dependent on network business mode, is commonly used E-mail and relevant technology such as electronic information exchange and transfer to complete individual enterprises and related trade exchange between countries. At the same time the use of electronic commerce broke the previous way of commercial exchange and competition pattern, to a certain extent, effective to strengthen the cooperation between enterprises, now has become the mainstream business model. It is a modern mode of operation, electric commerce has a far-reaching influence in the international trade market.The importance, the e-commerce in the international trade(a) looking for trading partners. Looking for the trading partners as a foundation for development and organization of the countrys trade. Apply e-commerce reasonable looking for trade partners, not only can save a lot of investment in manpower and material resources, also will not limited by time and place. First, enterprises must create their own website or use related to international trade e-commerce platform to all potential customers with products and services information, and then draw on trade with trading partners. Second, enterprises can take the initiative to surf the Internet query relevant economic information, and then seek the ideal trading partner.(2) online consultation and negotiation. Consultation discussion as the important program of international trade business, its international trade and the main steps of successful trading. Communications functions such as the Internet has not only convenient and low cost, has high efficiency and capacity information processing function of relatively large, at the same time in the international business consultation and negotiation activities also has a critical function. Such buyers and sellers can use E-mail and newsgroup and fully understand the market and commodity information, to deal things to discuss, if there is further demand, also able to apply online board meeting related graphic information communication. Application of the Internet can complete the consultation and negotiation across the face to face, and to provide more convenient long distance communication method with time.Second, the electronic commerce the impact of the countrys trade(a) create trade opportunities in the international market. Interactive mode of network for international trade provides an information relatively perfect market environment, effectively remove the previous trading activities in the process of material and time and space constraints, transnational transfer completed the resources and information sharing, some enterprises in the international trade market environment in the past cannot be overcome effectively solve disadvantages and competitive disadvantage. Because the information on the Internet flow effectively, can to a certain extent, reduce the uncertainty of international trade transactions with the blindness of market development, and effectively avoid due to incomplete information or international market monopoly phenomena caused by information asymmetry and so on, can realize scientific right-handed resources related to the international market with the global scope of dynamic resource reasonably, optimizing configuration.(2) unified the international market. At present, the Internet has can cover most of the countries, and link the network also reached more than 100000, including the end user is growing at a rate of about 30% a year. With the Internet as the foundation, creating virtual e-commerce market in the global unification. At the same time the market part-time law can in the global scope. And the creation of virtual market has gone beyond the limitation of traditional geographic boundaries, can make the goods and services and related information in the global scope to achieve accurate flow, showing public and complete and real-time characteristics, to a certain extent, reduce the information asymmetry of the existence of import and export both sides, prevent distortion caused by the incomplete market information, guarantee the value law can realize give full play to the role.(3) promoting international trade growth. The delivery way of e-commerce effective means of delivery to replace other patterns. Through e-commerce transactions is produced to replace other relevant way to produce the volume of trade. If the rising volume of corresponding electronic trading, will reduce and tangible goods transport volume. But, on the electronic transactions I can reduce price, strengthen international demand. In addition, e-commerce can break the restriction of time and space, through the transmission and sharing of information, can promote the further development of international trade.Three, use electronic commerce to promote international trade countermeasures(a) strengthening technology research, the realization of key technology innovation. Technical problems directly affect the development of electronic commerce, also pays attention to the problem in many countries. Domestic in the aspects of developing and developed countries in comparison, the base is relatively weak. Due to the development of the electronic commerce to the bank and the customs and insurance industries, so relevant departments must coordinate cooperation. At the same time should also strengthen the in-depth study of electronic payment and confidential technology, create trade of the countrys private network, thus promoting the development of the security, stability of international trade.(2) perfect the e-commerce related laws and regulations. For electronic commerce, the development of form a complete set of the relevant domestic laws and regulations is not synchronized with The Times. Information characteristics of e-commerce at the same time must formulate specific legal policy, thus effectively regulate and manage the international trade market. Strictly abide by the laws and regulations and responsibility, is the only thing that can enjoy brought by the electronic commerce international trade service. And in order to promote the further development of e-commerce and international trade, e-commerce must be created to characteristic as the foundation of related laws and regulations, and strengthen the supervision and management of electronic commerce, effectively improve the relevant laws and regulations, so as to lay good foundation for the further development of e-commerce.(3) the electronic commerce talent cultivation. Vigorously develop the electronic commerce talented person, to adapt to the development of The Times. Electronic commerce technology and business applications, and related management personnel, management personnel are scarce in particular. And the development of e-commerce for business management and effective integration of business activities and business theory, whether it is to cultivate the management of electronic commerce, or e-commerce activities, require business theory and practice ability, such ability can promote the further development of international trade.(4) speed up the construction of information infrastructure. Information infrastructure as the main material foundation of the development of electronic commerce, only increase th