m8u4词汇讲解.doc

M8u4 words1. representative n&adj. 代表(的)represent vt. 代表be a representative of (n) 是的代表/典型be representative of (adj) 是的代表represent sth/sb as sth/sb 把描绘成 （describe sb as）represent oneself as/to be 宣称某人是一份调查问卷有500人作答, 是否能真正代表全国人民的意见?Is a questionnaire answered by 500 people truly representative of national opinion?2. spokesman n. 发言人 spokesmen （pl）spokeswoman n. 女发言人 spokeswomen （pl）3. criterion n. （评判的）标准，准则，原则criteria （pl）评定获奖者以什么作标准?What are the criteria for deciding (ie How do we decide) who gets the prize? 能挣钱并不一定是衡量人生幸福的可靠标准。Success in making money is not always a good criterion of success in life. 4. in defence of 为辩护；防卫defend vt. 防卫，为辩护defend oneself 自我保护defend/protectfrom/against 保护以免于In case of（如果发生）bad weather, the wedding will be held indoors.You an use milk in place of/instead of（代替）cream in this recipe.They fight in defence of(保卫) their country.In spite of(尽管) all his efforts he failed.5. restriction n. 限制，约束restrict vt. 限制，约束impose/place a restriction/limit on 管制，约束restrict oneself to one meal a day 限制自己一天吃一顿饭政府已经同意对出版自由加以限制。The government has agreed to lift restrictions on press freedom.6. deliberately adv. 故意地on purpose=by design=intentionally 故意地Dont defend him any more. Its obvious that he destroyed the fence of the garden even without a apology. （2013 湖北）A.accidentally B. carelessly C. deliberately D. clumsily7. boycott vt&n. 拒绝购买，抵制place/put sth under a boycott 对某事物实行抵制有好几国家的运动员拒绝参加奥林匹克运动会。Athletes from several countries boycotted the Olympic Games.8. expose vt. 使接触，使体验，使面临；暴露，显露，揭露exposeto使面临，暴露be exposed to 暴露于，接触到不要让你的皮肤长时间暴露于阳光下。Dont expose your skin to the sun for a long time.这些画一定不能暴露在空气中。These drawings must not be exposed to the air.9. contradict vt&vi. 反驳，驳斥；与相矛盾，相反contradictory adj. 矛盾的，对立的；好反驳的；喜争辩的contradict oneself 自相矛盾contradict with与某事相矛盾contradict each other 彼此抵触be contradictory to 与相矛盾我认为两种说法自相矛盾。I think the two statements contradict with each other.I am afraid that what you said yesterday with what you are doing now.(2014 湖南)A. compares B. constructs C. communicates D. contradicts10. resemble vt. 看起来像 look likeresemblance n. 相似，相像resemble sb./sth in sth 在某方面与某人/某物相似resemblance to sb/sth 与某人/某物的相似之处她和她弟弟长得很像。She resembles her brother in looks.这两个男孩有某些相似之处。There is a degree of resemblance between the two boys. 你说的与事实相去甚远, 或谓根本不符.Your story bears/has/shows little or no resemblance to the facts.11. preference n. 偏好，爱好in preference to sb/sth （instead of/rather than）而不是have a preference for sth 偏爱某物develop a preference for sth 养成对的爱好give/show (a) preference to sb/sth 给某人/某物以优惠/优待有时候老师很难不表现出对一个特别聪明的孩子的偏爱。Sometimes it is difficult for a teacher not to show prefrence for an especially clever child.我会选择那辆小的汽车而不是那辆大的。I would choose the small cae in preference to that large one.People develop preference for a particular style of learning at early age and these preferences affect learning. (2013 浙江)A. a; an B. a; 不填 C. 不填； the D.the; an12. tiresome adj. 讨厌的，令人厌烦的quarrelsome 爱吵架的 troublesome 棘手的，麻烦的tire vt. 使疲劳，使厌倦tired adj. 困倦的，疲倦的tiring adj. 令人厌倦的be tired of (doing) sth 对做某事感到厌倦或者不耐烦be tired with/from sth 对做某事感到累tired out=worn out 精疲力竭可能我们的父母照顾我们很累，但他们永远也不会厌倦这么做。Maybe our parents are tired with taking care of us, but they will never be tired of doing this.13. shoot-shot-shot vt&vi&n 拍摄，打猎，射门，投篮他对着那只鸟开枪，但是没打中。He shot at the bird, but missed it.He shot at the bird, but did not shoot it.他在中场线上射门。He shot from the halfway line.这部电影被拍成了黑白片。This film was shot black and white.那些鹿正在吃树上的嫩枝。The deer were eating the young shoots on the trees.14. congratulation n.祝贺，恭喜congratulate vt. 祝贺，恭喜congratulation to sb on (doing) sth 祝贺某人某事offer/send ones congratulations to sb on sth 为某事向某人祝贺congratulate sb on sth 祝贺某人某事congratulate oneself on sth 庆幸；感到自豪我们祝贺他的成功。We offered him our congratulations on his success.We congratulated him on the success.我庆幸自己死里逃生。I congratulate myself on my narrow escape.The two sportsmen congratulated each other winning the match by shaking hands. (2008 上海)A. with B. on C. in D. to -I got the job I wanted at the public library.- ! Thats good news. (2014 陕西)A. Go ehead B. Cheers C. Congratulations D. Come on15. accumulate vt&vi. 积累，积聚；逐渐增加accumulation n. U, C 积累accumulative adj. 积累的; 聚积的; 累积的accumulative interest 累积的利息the accumulation of money, knowledge, experience 金钱、知识、经验的积累房屋不经常打扫, 尘土很快就越积越多。Dust and dirt will soon accumulate if a house is not cleaned regularly. 16. parallel adj&n. 平行的；相似的；相似的人或物；相似特征be parallel to/with 与平行/相似 （be similar to）run parallel to 与平行in parallel with 并行；同时进行without (a) parallel 无法匹敌；无以伦比draw a parallel between A and B 将A和B进行比较 （compare A with B）该公路与铁路平行。The road runs parallel with the railway.The road and the railway are parallel to each other.17. attraction n. 吸引人的特征；吸引，吸引力attract vt. 吸引（appeal to）attractive adj. 有吸引力的a tourist attraction/a place of interest 风景名胜attract ones attention 吸引某人的注意18. show off 炫耀，卖弄，使显眼 show-showed-shownshow sb sth 给某人看某物show up 出现show sb around 领某人参观show sb in 领某人进来show sb out 送出某人on show 陈列，展