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启动电机壳体冷冲压工艺及模具设计【22张CAD图纸+毕业答辩论文】【冲压模具】

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关键词：: 启动电机机电壳体冲压工艺模具设计全套 cad 图纸毕业答辩论文模具

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摘要

综合应用模具设计、冷冲压模具工艺、模具加工工艺学、工程图学等相关课程知识，对启动电机壳体采用多副模的工艺进行模具设计。本文在已完成开题报告的基础上，着重对复合模工作零件、定位零件、卸料推件零件及模架等主要零件的设计进行说明。在模具的设计中，按照小批量生产类型，对制件的冲压工艺进行分析，确定工艺方案，拟定排样方法，计算冲裁力，确定压力中心，计算凹凸模刃口尺寸及结构尺寸，得出模具闭合高度，选用标准件进行装配，最终画出模具总装图、三维模型及装配和主要零件加工工艺规程卡片。模具采用倒装结构，后侧导柱导套模架，导料销导料，弹顶式档料销档料，凸缘模柄，刚性推件及弹性卸料，在保证生产率的同时，尽可能的是模具、方便，且满足冲裁的要求。

关键词：启动电机壳体；冲压工艺；排样；模具结构；

Abstract

Comprehensive application of mold design, cold stamping mold process, mold processing technology, engineering, graphics and other related courses knowledge, start the motor housing using a plurality of mold process for mold design. In this paper, on the basis of complete opening report on the design of the main parts of the composite mold parts, positioning parts, discharge push parts and moldbase instructions. In mold design, in accordance with the type of small batch production parts stamping process analysis, to determine the process plan, intended nesting method to calculate the punching power, to determine the center of pressure, calculated the bump Edge size and structure size may the mold shut height, the choice of standard parts for assembly, and ultimately draw card of the mold assembly chart, the three-dimensional model and assembly and main parts process planning. Mold flip structure, the rear side of the guide pins and bushings mold, the stock guide pin guide material, playing the top-of-file material off of file material, the flange of the handle, rigid push pieces and elastic unloading, ensuring the productivity, although possible mold, convenient, and satisfying the requirements of the punched.

Key words: Start the motor housing; stamping process; nesting; guide pins and bushings；mold structure；

摘要III

AbstractIV

1 绪论1

1.1 课题研究的目的和意义1

1.2 课题国内外研究概况1

1.2.1 国外模具发展概况1

1.2.2国内模具发展概况2

1.3 课题研究的主要内容2

2 冲压工艺设计4

2.1 冲压件简介4

2.2 冲压件的工艺性分析7

2.3 冲压工艺方案的确定8

2.4 冲压工艺计算9

2.4.1 工件的毛坯尺寸计算9

2.4.2 工序分析10

2.4.3 拉深尺寸计算10

2.4.5 整形15

2.4.5 工序汇总16

2.4.6 各工序尺寸公差的确定16

2.5 产品所需模具16

3 落料拉深模设计20

3.1 模具结构20

3.2 确定其搭边值20

3.3 确定排样图21

3.4 材料利用率计算23

3.5 凸、凹模刃口尺寸的确定24

3.5.1落料部份凸、凹模刃口尺寸的确定24

3.5.2 拉深凸、凹模工作部分尺寸及其公差25

3.6 落料拉深复合模冲压力26

3.6.1 落料部分冲压力26

3.6.2 拉深部分冲压力27

3.6.3 落料拉深复合模总冲压力28

3.7 压力机选用28

3.8 压力中心计算30

3.9 落料拉深模主要零部件的结构设计30

3.9.1 落料凹模的结构设计30

3.9.2 落料凸模的结构设计32

3.9.3 落料卸料板设计33

3.9.4 凸凹模（落料凸模）固定板设计35

3.9.5 凸凹模（落料凸模）垫板设计35

3.9.6 拉深凹模的结构设计36

3.9.7 拉深凸模设计37

3.9.8 落料凹模垫板设计38

3.9.9 压边圈设计39

3.9.10 推件块设计40

3.10 标准件确定41

3.10.1 模架确定41

3.10.2 弹顶器的确定41

3.10.3 上模螺钉确定42

3.10.4 上模销确定42

3.10.5 下模螺钉确定42

3.10.6 下模销确定43

3.10.7 模柄确定43

3.10.8 模柄上固定螺钉的确定43

3.10.9 推杆确定43

3.10.10 拉深凸模上固定螺钉的确定43

3.10.11 下模推杆的确定43

3.10.12 条料定位零件的设计44

3.11 模具闭合高度、校验压力机44

4 切边模设计45

4.1 模具结构45

4.2 切边凸、凹模刃口尺寸的计算45

4.3 切边模冲压力47

4.4 压力机选用47

4.5 压力中心计算48

4.6 切边模主要零部件的结构设计48

4.6.1 切边凹模的结构设计48

4.6.2 切边凸模的结构设计50

4.6.3 切边凸模固定板设计50

4.6.4 切边凸模垫板设计51

4.6.5 定位柱设计52

4.6.6 推件块设计53

4.7 标准件确定53

4.7.1 模架确定53

4.7.2 上模螺钉确定54

4.7.3 上模销确定54

4.7.4 下模螺钉确定54

4.7.5 下模销确定54

4.7.6 模柄确定54

4.7.7 圆废料切刀确定55

4.7.8 推杆确定55

4.7.9 模柄紧定螺钉的确定56

4.8 模具闭合高度、校验压力机56

5 结论与展望57

5.1 结论57

5.2 不足之处及未来展望57

致谢58

参考文献59

1 绪论

1.1 课题研究的目的和意义

本课题研究的内容是冲压模具标准件参数化绘图系统研究—中间导柱参数化绘图尽管各类冲压模具的结构形式和复杂程度不同，组成模具的零件有多有少，但组成冲压模具的零部件仍主要包括二类零件：

1、一类是工艺零件，这类零件直接参与工艺过程的完成并和坯料有直接接触，包括有工作零件、定位零件、卸料与压料零件等；

2、一类是结构零件，这类零件不直接参与完成工艺过程，也不和坯料有直接接触，只对冲压模具完成工艺过程起保证作用，或对冲压模具功能起完善作用，包括有导向零件、紧固零件、标准件及其它零件等。

而且无论是工艺零件还是结构零件，在其相同类别的零件中，它们的结构形态相似度很高，故许多企业在长期的生产过程中，经过经验总结，针对某一类零件，创建了冲压模具的标准件。标准件的确立，为标准件参数化绘图提供了一个模板，在现实生产中发挥着重大的作用。

所谓冲压模具标准件的参数化绘图是指在冲压模具标准件的基础上的一种二次开发，它的主要工作原理是，将标准件的绘制过程录制并编辑成程序，同时建立相应的人机程序界面，然后在生产实践中修改标准件的参数，通过所编辑的程序形成所需要的零件。

冲压模具标准件参数化绘图系统的应用可使企业在生产过程中省略繁琐的绘图过程，节省大量的劳动时间，明显缩短产品的生产周期，提高工作效率，为提高企业的产品竞争力做出巨大贡献。

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内容简介：: 编号无锡太湖学院毕业设计（论文）相关资料题目：启动电机壳体冷冲压工艺及模具设计信机系机械工程及自动化专业学号： 0923279学生姓名：李鹏飞指导教师：钟建刚（职称：副教授）（职称：）2013年5月25日目录一、毕业设计（论文）开题报告二、毕业设计（论文）外文资料翻译及原文三、学生“毕业论文（论文）计划、进度、检查及落实表”四、实习鉴定表无锡太湖学院毕业设计（论文）开题报告题目：启动电机壳体冷冲压工艺及模具设计信机系机械工程及自动化专业学号： 0923279 学生姓名：李鹏飞指导教师：钟建刚（职称：副教授）（职称：）2012年11月20日课题来源来源于无锡毅立模具有限公司，是电器产品上的一个零件。课题来源于生产实际，探讨冲压加工中较常见零件的工艺方法和结构设计。课题涉及知识面较广，且设计要求较高，对学生的设计能力，特别是思考能力是一个很好的锻炼。课题研究内容包括机械工程学科的力学，材料学，机械原理，机械设计，公差与互换性，机械制造工艺等知识，特别锻炼学生规范性设计的能力。使学生能得到全面的锻炼。课题要求学生具备较强的机构设计能力和创新能力，对学生是一个挑战。课题为典型的机械设计类课题，涉及机械知识全面，与工程机械专业方向结合紧密。科学依据（包括课题的科学意义；国内外研究概况、水平和发展趋势；应用前景等）（1）课题科学意义冲压模具作为一种生产工具已经运用到各行各业，其发展快，模具需求量之多，是前所未有的。当今，在国民经济的各个工业部门。都越来越多的依靠模具来进行生产加工，模具已成为国民经济的基础工业，已成为当代工业的基本手段和工艺发展手段之一。现代工业产品的品种和生产效益的提高，是高技术含量的社会产品，其价值和价格主要取决于模具材料、加工、外购件的劳动与消耗三项直接发生的费用和模具设计与试模等技术费用，后者是模具价值与市场价格的主要组成部分，其中一部分技术价值计入了市场价格，而更大的一部分价值，则是模具用户和产品用户受惠变为社会效益。如电视机用模，其模具费用为产品价格的1/30001/5000，尽管模具的一次投资较大，但大批量生产后，其模具成本占很小的部分，甚至可以忽略不计，而实际上，很高的模具价格为社会所拥有，变成了社会财富。所以本模具设计拥有很高的现实意义。（2）研究状况及其发展前景目前我国模具市场总体趋势平稳向上。目前，国内市场对中高档家电、汽车、塑料制品模具的需求量很大，但要求国产模具必须在质量、交货期等方面满足用户的需求。我国加入WTO后，伴随着世界经济的一体化浪潮，全球制造业加速向中国大陆地区转移已是大势所趋，中国也将逐步发展成为世界级的制造业基地。中低档的模具国际市场潜力十分巨大，只要国产模具的质量能够有提高，交货期能够保证，模具出口的前景是十分乐观的。优势明显的广东特别是珠三角地区，将在十年之内发展成为世界模具生产中心。同时，由于近年来我国每年用近10亿美元进口模具，其中精密、大型、复杂、长寿命模具占多数，所以从减少进口角度出发，这类高档模具在市场的分额比例也将逐步增大。现代模具其高技术、人才密集、高技术背景下的工艺密集型工业的特点，是在新型工业化道路上走在前面的产业，模具作为重要的制造装备行业在为各行各业服务的同时，也直接为高新技术产业服务，模具在制造业产品研发、创新和生产中所具有的独特的重要地位，使得模具制造能力和水平的高低也成为国家创新能力的重要标志。随着电子、信息等高新技术的不断发展，模具CAD/CAE/CAM正向集成化、三维化、智能化和网络化方向发展。模具CAD/CAE/CAM技术是模具设计、制造技术的发展方向，模具和工件的检测数字、模具软件功能集成化、模具设计、分析及制造的三维化、模具产业的逆向工程以及模具软件应用的网络化是主趋势。研究内容本课题研究的是启动电机壳体冲压模具设计，要求其材料08F钢，采用大批量生产，精度要求高。通过合理的设计凸凹模，选择合理的标准模架，制造出符合要求的制件。（1）查阅有关模具设计方面的资料，翻译与模具设计相关的英文文献；（2）对工件进行冲压成型工艺分析，选择合理的设计方案；（3）进行必要的参数计算，确定出正确的设计参数；（4）在计算正确的基础上设计冲压成型模具；（5）撰写出一份与自己设计相配套的设计说明书。拟采取的研究方法、技术路线、实验方案及可行性分析1、分析冲压件的工艺性，确定工艺方案。根据设计题目，分析冲压件成型的结构工艺性，分析冲压件的形状特点、精度要求等。在分析了冲压件的工艺性后，可以列出几种不同的冲压方案，然后从产品质量、生产效率、设备占有情况、模具制造难易程度和模具寿命高低、工艺成本等，确定最经济合理的工艺方案。2、确定毛坯形状、尺寸和下料方式在最经济的原则下，确定毛坯形状、尺寸和下料方式，并确定材料的消耗量。3、确定冲压模类型及结构形式4、进行必要的工艺计算5、选择压力机。6、绘制模具总图和非标准零件图。7、编写设计计算所明书。研究计划及预期成果研究计划：2012年11月12日-2012年12月2日：按照任务书要求查阅论文相关参考资料，填写毕业设计开题报告书。2012年12月3日-2012年12月31日：工作计划、进度。2013年3月4日-2013年3月15日：查阅参考资料，学习并翻译一篇与毕业设计相关的英文材料。2013年3月18日-2013年4月5日：冲压工艺设计，模具结构设计，刃口尺寸和主要零件结构设计和尺寸计算。2013年4月15日-2013年5月3日：绘制模具装配图和零件图。2013年5月6日-2013年5月25日：工艺文件、毕业论文撰写和修改工作。预期成果：1完成模具装配图：2张（A0或A1）；2零件图：主要非标准件零件图（不少于5张）；3冷冲压工艺卡片：1张；4设计说明书：1份；5翻译8000以上外文印刷字符或译出约5000左右汉字的有关技术资料或专业文献，内容要尽量结合课题。特色或创新之处模具技术的特色应该为适应模具产品“交货期短”、“精度高”、“质量好”，“价格低”的要求服务。创新之处是通过研究各种新型材料及先进表明处理技术，使模具抛光技术向自动化，智能化发展。已具备的条件和尚需解决的问题已具备的条件：1、工件的尺寸；2、工件的价格方法;3、工件的制造流程，工艺卡尚需解决的问题：拉深工艺的确定，冲压力的大小和压力机选择，模具结构的确定，模具的装配工艺等等。指导教师意见指导教师签名：年月日教研室（学科组、研究所）意见教研室主任签名：年月日系意见主管领导签名：年月日英文原文Overview of stamping die Stamping Die - Stamping in the cold, the material (metal or non-metallic) processing into parts (or half) of a special technical equipment, called cold stamping die (commonly known as Die). Press - is at room temperature, using the die installed in the press to put pressure on the material to produce a separation or plastic deformation, and thus to obtain the necessary parts of a pressure processing method. Stamping die in the form of many, the general categories according to the following main features: 1. According to the technical nature of (1) Die along the closed or open contour the material are derived from mold. If blanking die, punch die, cut off the mold, cut mode, cutting mode, split mode, etc. (2) bending mode to blank or blank sheet along a straight line (curved line) to bend, deform, and thus obtain a certain angle and shape of the workpiece in the mold. (3) The drawing die is made of the blank sheet opening hollow, or hollow pieces of further changes to the shape and size of the mold. (4) Die rough or semi-finished workpiece is convex according to plan, direct copy the shape of the die shape, the material itself, generate only local plastic deformation of the mold. Such as the bulging mode, reducing the die, expansion die, forming die rolling, flanging mold, plastic mold. 2. According to the degree classification process combination (1) single process model in a press tour, just completed a die stamping process. (2) composite model is only one station, in a press tour, at the same station at the same time to complete more than two or two die stamping process. (3) Progressive Die (also known as the modulus of continuity) in the feeding direction, rough, with two or more of the station, at the press of a visit, work in different places on the completion of two or two successive Road over stamping die process. Chong called cold stamping die Die-wide. Cold stamping die is used in cold stamping die mold industry, and accessories required for high-performance structural ceramic materials, preparation methods, high-performance ceramic materials, molds and accessories from the zirconium oxide and yttrium aluminum powder increases, Pr element composition, Preparation is the solution of zirconia, yttria solution, praseodymium oxide solution, according to a certain percentage of alumina solution when mixed liquor, ammonium bicarbonate infusion, by co-precipitation synthesis of ceramic materials, molds and accessories needed for raw materials, reaction precipitate generated by the treatment, drying, calcining and accessories by high performance ceramic mold material superfine powder, and then after forming, sintering, finishing, they will have high-performance ceramic materials, molds and accessories. Advantages of this invention is the invention made of cold stamping dies and parts and long service life, the process does not appear in the press and its parts and stamping die bond generated the phenomenon of stamping surface is smooth, no glitches, can replace traditional high-speed steel, tungsten steel. Die with the main parts Die stamping tools is the main process equipment, stamping rely on the relative movement under the mold completed. Processing time because the upper and lower mold between the constant division and, if continued operation of the fingers of workers to enter or remain in the mold closed, there will certainly pose a serious threat to their personal safety. (A) of the mold main parts, function and safety requirements 1. Working parts is a direct punch to blank forming the working parts, therefore, it is the key to mold parts. Punch not only sophisticated and complex, it should meet the following requirements: (1) be of sufficient strength, can not be broken or destroyed during stamping. (2) should be appropriate to its material and heat treatment requirements, to prevent too high hardness and brittle fracture. 2. Positioning parts positioning part is to determine the location of the parts installed blank, there are pins (board), gauge pin (plate), lead is sold, guide plate, knife set from the side, side pressure etc. Design should be considered when positioning parts easy to operate and should not have had orientation, location to facilitate observation, preferably in the forward position, contouring to correct the pin location and positioning. 3. Binder, unloading and discharging parts binder components are blank holder, binder board. Blank holder pressure can drawing blank holder force, thereby preventing billets under the action of the tangential pressure arch formed folds. The role of pressure plate to prevent movement and bounce blank. Top of the device, discharge boards role is to facilitate the pieces and clean up waste. Them by the spring, rubber and equipment, putting on the air-cushion support, can move up and down, knocking out pieces of the design should have enough top output, movement to the limited spaces. Stripper plate area should be minimized or closed position in the operating groove milling out empty-handed. Exposure of the stripper plate should have protection around the plate, to prevent finger inserted into or foreign objects inside, exposed surface edges should be blunt down. 4. Guide parts and guide sleeve guide pin is the most widely used part of a guide. Its role is to ensure punch the punching clearance when accurate match. Therefore, the guide posts, guide cover the gap should be less than the blanking clearance. Guide Post located next mold base, to ensure that the stroke bottom dead center, the lead column in the template on the face over the top for at least 5 to 10 mm. Guide columns should be arranged far away from the module and the pressure plate in the area, so the operators arms do not get to take over the lead column material. 5. Supporting and clamping the upper and lower parts which includes templates, die handle, fixed plate punch, plate, stopper, etc. Up and down the template is the basis of the cold die parts, other parts are respectively fixed at the top. Template plane size, especially around the direction to be compatible with the workpiece, too large or too small are not conducive to action. Some molds (blanking, punching type mold) to the pieces of convenience, be set up under the mold plate. At this time the best and the template plate connected between the screw, the two plate thickness should be absolutely equal. Plate spacing out the pieces to be able to prevail, not too much, so as not to break the template. 6. Fastening parts which includes screws, nuts, springs, pins, washers, etc., are generally used standard parts. Die more with the amount of standard parts, design choice and flexibility should be tightened to ensure the top out of the need to avoid exposure to the surface fastener operating position, the staff and impede operation to prevent bumps. Die with the development of Since reform and opening, with the rapid development of the national economy, the market demand with the growing Die. In recent years, Die with the industry has been around 15% growth rate of the rapid development of industrial enterprises with ownership Die components also changed dramatically, in addition to the professional mold factory outside of state-owned, collective, joint ventures, wholly-owned and private has been a rapid development. As with the accelerating pace of international integration, the increasing competition in the market, it has been increasingly recognized product quality, cost, and new product development capacities. The cold die manufacturing is the most basic elements of the chain, one of the cold die manufacturing technology to measure a countrys manufacturing sector has become an important symbol of the level, and largely determine the viability of enterprises. Die with enterprises to increase in recent years many technological advances for investment, technological progress will be seen as an important driving force for enterprise development. Some domestic enterprises have popularized the two-dimensional mold CAD, and gradually began to use UG, Pro / Engineer, I-DEAS, Euclid-IS and other international common software, individual manufacturers have also introduced Moldflow, C-Flow, DYNAFORM, Optris and MAGMASOFT etc. CAE software, and successfully applied in stamping die design. A car cover mold as the representative of a large stamping die manufacturing technology has made great progress, Dongfeng Motor Corporation mold factory, mold manufacturers such as FAW mold center has been able to produce some car cover mold. In addition, many research institutions and universities to carry out technology research and development of mold. After years of effort, in the mold CAD / CAE / CAM technology has made remarkable progress; in improving quality and reducing mold die design and manufacturing cycle, and so contributed. Although China Die with the industry over the past decade has made remarkable development, but in many ways compared with the industrialized countries there is still a large gap. For example, the precision machining equipment, processing equipment in Die with the relatively low proportion; CAD / CAE / CAM technology penetration is not high; many advanced mold technology not widely so, resulting in a considerable number of large, sophisticated, complex and long Die life with dependence on imports. With the continuous progress of science and technology, modern industrial production of increasingly complex and diverse, product performance and quality is ever increasing, thus the cold stamping technology put forward higher requirements. In order to adapt to the cold stamping technology industry needs, cold stamping technology itself also in innovation and development. cold stamping technology idea is to improve and expand as much as possible the advantages of the cold stamping process, to overcome its shortcomings. in the cold stamping technology development, should note the following aspects: (1) cold stamping technology process parameters should be properly identified and Die with the work of some of the shape and size, to improve the quality of stamping parts and shorten the new product production cycle should be in strengthening the metal forming the basis of theoretical studies, to metal forming theory to practice can produce a direction, and gradually establish a close connection with the actual production of the advanced process of calculation. abroad have begun to use plastic finite element method, automobile parts forming process of the stress and strain analysis and computer simulation to predict the forming part of a process plan on the possibilities and potential problems. (2) to accelerate product replacement, mold design to overcome the shortcomings of a long cycle. Should vigorously carry out computer-aided design and manufacture of molds (CAD / CAM) Research. In my country, paying particular attention to strengthening the multi-position progressive die CAD / CAM Technology. (3) to meet the needs of mass production, and reduce labor intensity. Should strengthen cold stamping of mechanized and automated, so that the average, small pieces of high-speed presses in a multi-position progressive die production, production reached a high degree of automation to further improve stamping productivity. (4) expand the scope of application of cold stamping production. So cold pressing both suitable for mass production, but also for small batch production; both the general accuracy of product production, but also can produce precision parts. Should pay attention to development such as fine blanking (especially thick material fine blanking), forming high-energy, soft mold forming, pressure and processing new superplastic forming process, but also promote the easy mode (soft mode and the low melting point alloy mold), Universal Hybrid model, the use of CNC punch press and other equipment. In addition, the performance improvement of sheet metal stamping, mold new material, die development of new processing methods should be further strengthened. Die with life and Countermeasures Die with the life of the workpiece by punching out the number of terms. Many factors affect the life Die. There are die structure design, manufacture molds used in the punch and die materials, die quality and surface hardening heat treatment, precision die manufacturing parts and cold stamping materials selection. In addition, there are die installation, adjustment, use and maintenance. 1. Die Design on Life (1) Layout design of layout methods and take the boundary value a great impact on the die life, too small to take the boundary value, often causing rapid wear and convex mold, die bite wounds on the. Starting from material savings, take the boundary value smaller the better, but take the edge is less than some value, the cut surface of the mold and the quality of life adversely. There will be left behind in the blanking die Q-gap were to produce spare parts glitch, or even damage the die edge, reduce die life. Therefore, consider increasing the material utilization of the same time, parts must yield, quality and life expectancy to determine the layout methods and take the boundary. (2) die structure prone to stress concentration on the cracking of the die structure, composite structure can be used or mosaic structure, and prestressed structure to enhance the mold life. (3) the impact of clearance when the gap is too small, compressed extrusion of interest, increased friction, increased wear, the wear side of aggravated discharge and push pieces after blanking time, materials and convex, the friction between die will cause wear and tear than the end edge on the side of the grinding much, but also easily lead to convex, concave mold temperature is high, the adsorption of metal debris in the side edge to form a metal tumor, so that male and female die chipping or expansion occurs crack phenomenon. Therefore, the gap is too small to Die Life very bad. Gap is too large will increase the punch and the die face the edge of the concentration of stress, resulting in a sharp increase in stress, so blade edge quickly lose angular yield deformation. Therefore, addition of blanking force, thereby enabling faster edge edge wear, reduce die life. But in order to reduce the male and female die wear, extending mold life, while ensuring quality of stamping pieces under the premise that larger space designed properly it is necessary. (4) Die-oriented structure of the life of a reliable guide for the working parts reduce wear, prevent male and female die bite wound is very effective. In particular, non-small-Q gap Q gap or Die, compound die and multi-position progressive die even more important. To improve the die life, must be based on processes and the demand of precision, the correct choice-oriented form and orientation accuracy, the choice should be higher than the accuracy-oriented convex, concave mold with precision. (5) the impact of cold stamping materials, cold stamping materials selected should meet the design requirements of workpieces and stamping process requirements, or easy to mold damage and reduce mold life. Poor surface quality of cold stamping, punching, cracking when the workpiece is also easy to scratch mold. Bad cold stamping plastic materials, deformation is small, easy to press when the workpiece rupture, but also easy to scratch mold. In addition, the material thickness tolerances shall comply with national standards. Die because of a certain thickness of material suitable for forming, bending, flanging, drawing die of the male and female die structure gap is directly determined by the thickness of the material. Therefore, uneven thickness, will result in waste generation and mold damage. 2. Die Die Life of Die Die Life of a mold material properties, chemical composition, structure, hardness and comprehensive reflection of metallurgical quality. Among them, the material properties and heat treatment affect the quality of the most obvious. Mold material properties on the impact of die life is great. If the same workpiece, using a different mold material of the bending test, the test results: The 9Mn2V material, the life of 5 million; with Crl2MoV nitriding, the life of up to 40 million. Therefore, the choice of materials, the batch size should be based on workpiece, rational use of mold materials. The hardness of the die parts to Die Life a great impact. But not the higher hardness, longer die life. This is because the hardness and strength, toughness and abrasion resistance are closely related. Some die demands of high hardness, long life. Such as the use of T10 steel dies, hardness 54 58HRC, only washed thousands of times a burr on the workpiece great. If the hardness to 60 64HRC, the grinding life of up to 2 to 3 million. However, if continue to improve hardness, fracture occurs earlier. Some die hardness should not be too high, as the die manufacturing using Crl2MoV 58 62HRC hardness, the general life of 2-3 million, invalid form of chipping and cracking, and if the hardness down to 54 58HRC, life expectancy increased to 5 60 000, but decreased to 50 53HRC hardness appears easy to blunt the die edge phenomenon. Thus, mold hardness must be based on material properties and failure modes may be. Should enable the hardness, strength, toughness and wear resistance, resistance to fatigue strength needed to achieve a particular stamping process the best match. 3. The surface of the mold heat treatment to strengthen the quality and impact on life Mold heat treatment the nature and quality of life of the mold a great impact. Practice shows that the die parts of the quenching distortion and cracking, early fracture during use, while the metallurgical and materials quality, forging quality, mold structure and process related, but related more to die of heat treatment. According to statistical analysis of failure causes of mold, heat treatment failure due to improper accounting for more than 50%. Practice shows that the mold material must be accompanied by high heat treatment process properly, can really play a materials potential. Parts surface hardening mold work purpose is to obtain the effect of external hard tough inside, so be hardness, wear resistance, toughness, good resistance to fatigue with. Many ways to die surface hardening, surface treatment technology of new technologies developed rapidly. In addition to Nitrocarburizing and ion nitride, boride, seepage niobium, vanadium permeability, hard chrome plated and spark strengthening, the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and physical vapor deposition (PVD) has been gradually adopted. By CVD and PVD treatment, the mold surface covered with super-hard material, such as TiC, TiN, etc. High hardness, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, adhesion is very good, can improve the die life several times to several times. 4. Manufacturing precision of the die parts of die life Precision die manufacturing and life in it in particular, mold surface roughness on the mold a great impact. If using Crl2MoV steel blanking die, if the surface roughness value R = 1.6 m, its life span is about 30,000. Such as polished by the precision, surface roughness value R = 0.4 m, life can be increased to 4-5 million. Therefore, the working parts of the mold surface, the general must go through grinding, grinding, polishing and other finishing and fine processing. 5. Other aspects of the impact of die life (1) Press the accuracy is not high, but also easy to make die damage. (2) die in the press or not installed properly and the operators technical level, on the tool life is also greatly affected. (3) dies in the custody and maintenance of good and bad, and the use of lubricant condition also affects mold life. 6. Conclusion In actual production, sheet metal dies for use, rare case of non-normal wear and tear. But when the die plate was found prone to irregular wear, we always study for the problems summarized. Because of a cold die, from the design, manufacture, assembly, commissioning and installation and use, all spent many hours, while the convex die, die material used, mostly high-quality alloy steel. Therefore, the die cost is relatively high. Therefore, in the production of understanding the factors that affect the die life and take the appropriate measures to guide the production of great practical significance.中文译文冲压模具概述冲压模具-在冷冲压加工中，将材料（金属或非金属）加工成零件（或半成品）的一种特殊工艺装备，称为冷冲压模具（俗称冷冲模）。冲压-是在室温下，利用安装在压力机上的模具对材料施加压力，使其产生分离或塑性变形，从而获得所需零件的一种压力加工方法。冲压模具的形式很多，一般可按以下几个主要特征分类：根据工艺性质分类（1）冲裁模沿封闭或敞开的轮廓线使材料产生分离的模具。如落料模、冲孔模、切断模、切口模、切边模、剖切模等。（2）弯曲模使板料毛坯或其他坯料沿着直线（弯曲线）产生弯曲变形，从而获得一定角度和形状的工件的模具。（3）拉深模是把板料毛坯制成开口空心件，或使空心件进一步改变形状和尺寸的模具。（4）成形模是将毛坯或半成品工件按图凸、凹模的形状直接复制成形，而材料本身仅产生局部塑性变形的模具。如胀形模、缩口模、扩口模、起伏成形模、翻边模、整形模等。根据工序组合程度分类（1）单工序模在压力机的一次行程中，只完成一道冲压工序的模具。（2）复合模只有一个工位，在压力机的一次行程中，在同一工位上同时完成两道或两道以上冲压工序的模具。（3）级进模（也称连续模）在毛坯的送进方向上，具有两个或更多的工位，在压力机的一次行程中，在不同的工位上逐次完成两道或两道以上冲压工序的模具。冲冷冲模全称为冷冲压模具。冷冲压模具是一种应用于模具行业冷冲压模具及其配件所需高性能结构陶瓷材料的制备方法，高性能陶瓷模具及其配件材料由氧化锆、氧化钇粉中加铝、镨元素构成，制备工艺是将氧化锆溶液、氧化钇溶液、氧化镨溶液、氧化铝溶液按一定比例混合配成母液，滴入碳酸氢铵，采用共沉淀方法合成模具及其配件陶瓷材料所需的原材料，反应生成的沉淀经滤水、干燥，煅烧得到高性能陶瓷模具及其配件材料超微粉，再经过成型、烧结、精加工，便得到高性能陶瓷模具及其配件材料。本发明的优点是本发明制成的冷冲压模具及其配件使用寿命长，在冲压过程中未出现模具及其配件与冲压件产生粘结现象，冲压件表面光滑、无毛刺，完全可以替代传统高速钢、钨钢材料。冷冲模具主要零件冷冲模具是冲压加工的主要工艺装备，冲压制件就是靠上、下模具的相对运动来完成的。加工时由于上、下模具之间不断地分合，如果操作工人的手指不断进入或停留在模具闭合区，便会对其人身安全带来严重威胁。（一）模具的主要零件、作用及安全要求 1工作零件凸凹模是直接使坯料成形的工作零件，因此，它是模具上的关键零件。凸凹模不但精密而且复杂，它应满足如下要求：（1）应有足够的强度，不能在冲压过程中断裂或破坏（2）对其材料及热处理应有适当要求，防止硬度太高而脆裂。 2定位零件定位零件是确定坯件安装位置的零件，有定位销（板）、挡料销（板）、导正销、导料板、定距侧刀、侧压器等。设计定位零件时应考虑操作方便，不应有过定位，位置要便于观察，最好采用前推定位、外廓定位和导正销定位等。 3压料、卸料及出料零件压料零件有压边圈、压料板等。压边圈可对拉延坯料加压边力，从而防止坯料在切向压力的作用下拱起而形成皱褶。压料板的作用是防止坯料移动和弹跳。顶出器、卸料板的作用是便于出件和清理废料。它们由弹簧、橡胶和设备上的气垫推杆支撑，可上下运动，顶出件设计时应具有足够的顶出力，运动要有限位。卸料板应尽量缩小闭合区域或在操作位置上铣出空手槽。暴露的卸料板的四周应设有防护板，防止手指伸入或异物进入，外露表面棱角应倒钝。 4导向零件导柱和导套是应用最广泛的一种导向零件。其作用是保证凸凹模在冲压工作时有精确的配合间隙。因此，导柱、导套的间隙应小于冲裁间隙。导柱设在下模座，要保证在冲程下死点时，导柱的上端面在上模板顶面以上最少5至10毫米。导柱应安排在远离模块和压料板的部位，使操作者的手臂不用越过导柱送取料。 5支承及夹持零件它包括上下模板、模柄、凸凹模固定板、垫板、限位器等。上下模板是冷冲模具的基础零件，其他各种零件都分别安装固定在上面。模板的平面尺寸，尤其是前后方向应与制件相适应，过大或过小均不利于操作。有些模具（落料、冲孔类模具）为了出件方便，需在模架下设垫板。这时垫板最好与模板之间用螺钉连接在一起，两垫板的厚度应绝对相等。垫板的间距以能出件为准，不要太大，以免模板断裂。 6紧固零件它包括螺钉、螺母、弹簧、柱销、垫圈等，一般都采用标准件。冷冲模具的标准件用量较多，设计选用时应保证紧固和弹性顶出的需要，避免紧固件暴露在表面操作位置上，防止碰伤人手和妨碍操作。冷冲模具的发展改革开放以来，随着国民经济的高速发展，市场对冷冲模具的需求量不断增长。近年来，冷冲模具工业一直以15%左右的增长速度快速发展，冷冲模具工业企业的所有制成分也发生了巨大变化，除了国有专业模具厂外，集体、合资、独资和私营也得到了快速发展。随着与国际接轨的脚步不断加快，市场竞争的日益加剧，人们已经越来越认识到产品质量、成本和新产品的开发能力的重要性。而冷冲模具制造是整个链条中最基础的要素之一，冷冲模具制造技术现已成为衡量一个国家制造业水平高低的重要标志，并在很大程度上决定企业的生存空间。近年许多冷冲模具企业加大了用于技术进步的投资力度，将技术进步视为企业发展的重要动力。一些国内模具企业已普及了二维CAD，并陆续开始使用UG、Pro/Engineer、I-DEAS、Euclid-IS等国际通用软件，个别厂家还引进了Moldflow、C-Flow、DYNAFORM、Optris和MAGMASOFT等CAE软件，并成功应用于冲压模的设计中。以汽车覆盖件模具为代表的大型冲压模具的制造技术已取得很大进步，东风汽车公司模具厂、一汽模具中心等模具厂家已能生产部分轿车覆盖件模具。此外，许多研究机构和大专院校开展模具技术的研究和开发。经过多年的努力，在模具CAD/CAE/CAM技术方面取得了显著进步；在提高模具质量和缩短模具设计制造周期等方面做出了贡献。虽然中国冷冲模具工业在过去十多年中取得了令人瞩目的发展，但许多方面与工业发达国家相比仍有较大的差距。例如，精密加工设备在冷冲模具加工设备中的比重比较低；CAD/CAE/CAM技术的普及率不高；许多先进的模具技术应用不够广泛等等，致使相当一部分大型、精密、复杂和长寿命冷冲模具依赖进口。随着科学技术的不断进步,现代工业产品的生产日益复杂与多样化,产品性能和质量也在不断提高,因而对冷冲压技术提出了更高的要求.为了使冷冲压技术能适应各工业部门的需要,冷冲压技术自身也在不断革新和发展.冷冲压技术的发展思路就是尽可能地完善和扩充冷冲压工艺的优点,克服其缺点.在冷冲压技术的发展过程中,应注意以下几方面：(1)冷冲压技术的发展过程中应正确地确定工艺参数及冷冲模具工作部分的形状与尺寸,提高冲压件的质量、缩短新产品

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