增词法就是在翻译时按意义上和句法上的需要增加一些词....doc

增詞法增詞法就是在翻譯時按意義上和句法上的需要增加一些詞來更忠實通順地表達原文的思想內容並非無中生有，而是增加原文中無其詞有其意的一些詞。1. The crowds melted away._2. Day after day he came to his work sweeping, scrubbing, cleaning._3. Flowers bloom all over the yard._4. The lion is the king of animals._5. The old man had taught the boy to fish and the boy loved him._6. A red sun rose slowly from the calm sea._7. Sometimes their faces froze, sometimes their feet and their hands._8. Now birth control became a possibility._9. There had been an ease of international tension._10. The whole office gathered at my sitting room._11. I warned you never to borrow from her._12. Does she swim fast? Yes, she does._練習1. First you borrow, then you beg.2. Mother insisted to this day that she thought I was just joking.3. Mr. Morrison took over as Director, Mr. White as Vice Director.4. The guard inside the prison had no guns. But those in the towers did.5. His arrogance made everyone dislike him.重複法重複法實際上也是一種增詞法，只不過所增加的詞是上文剛剛出現過的詞。翻譯和寫作一樣，本應力求簡練，盡量省略一些可有可無的詞；但有時為了明確、強調或生動，卻往往需要將一些關鍵性的詞加以重複。1. She can not dance or swim._2. John is your friend as much as he is mine._3. The blow hurt not only his hands but his shoulder too._4. Water can be decomposed by energy, a current of electricity._5. But his wife kept dinning in his ears about his idleness, his carelessness, and the ruin he was bringing on his family._6. We talked of ourselves, of our prospects, of the journey, of the weather, of each other of everything but our host and hostess._7. Jesse opened his eyes. They were filled with tears._8. Ignoring a problem does not solve it._9. Come to my office and have a talk with me whenever you are free._10. Some played soccer and others played basketball._11. He was proficient both as a flyer and as a navigator._12. Eye for eye, tooth for tooth._13. They would read and re-read the secret notes._14. I had been completely honest in my replies, withholding nothing._練習1. You may borrow whichever novel in my bookcase you like best.2. Easy come, easy go.3. No pains, no gains.4. Year after year and century after century the moon goes though its cycles.省略法省略是指原文中有些詞在譯文中不譯出來，因為譯文中雖無其詞而已有其義，或者在譯文中是不言而喻的。換言之，省略是刪去一些可有可無，但或者有了反嫌累贅或違背譯文語言習慣的詞。但省略並不是把原文的某些思想內容刪去。1. We live and learn._2. He shrugged his shoulders, shook his head, cast up his eyes, but said nothing._3. He glanced at his watch; it was 7:15._4. Outside it was pitch dark and it was raining cats and dogs._5. It was with some difficulty that he found the way to his own home._6. He looked gloomy and troubled._7. If I had known it, I would not have joined in it._8. A teacher should have patience in his work._9. The horse is a useful animal._10. He left without saying a word._11. The Peoples Republic of China was founded in 1949._12. Smoking is prohibited in public places._13. He stood by the desk._14. There was no snow, the leaves were gone from the trees, the grass was dead._練習1. He is a man of genius.2. Like his friend he had many wonderful ideas, but he only put a few into practice.3. In my childhood I learned a great deal about Russia.4. I can do it, and so can you.5. It is only shallow people who judge by appearances.6. The effects of quick and easy money are very dramatic.詞類轉譯法在不同的語言裡，各種類別的詞語往往擔當不同的角色，有時同一各意念在甲語言使用名詞來表達，效果最自然，但在乙語言卻要用動詞，因此譯者得要隨機應變，不能拘泥。1. He is a man of cool courage._2. Nobody has any complaint._3. I am afraid I cant teach you swimming. I think my little brother is a better teacher than I._4. On the walk through the city they saw breadlines._5. We drove home a bit after midnight, over the river and through the lovely old sleeping town._6. As he ran out, he forgot to have his shoes on._7. She opened the window to let the fresh air in._8. They did their best to help the sick and the wounded._9. Because he had struck a boss, he was blacklisted and lost his job at the fertilizer works._10. The Wilde family were religious._11. The security and warmth of the room were wonderful._12. The garden-party is a great success._13. The film impressed him deeply._14. He is physically weak but mentally sound._15. Warm discussions arose on every corner as to his achievements._練習1. They are going to build a school for the blind and the deaf.2. A well-dressed man, who looked and talked like an American, got into the car.3. There were various possible players for the role.4. An acquaintance of world history is helpful to the study of current affairs.5. When he went back, the radio was still on, for he had forgotten to turn it off when he left.6. Independent thinking is an absolute necessity in study.7. “I suppose boys think differently from girls,” he said.8. He had the kindness to show me the way.9. She is a well-known singer.10. They were not content with their present achievements.狀語從句的譯法英語狀語從句包括表示時間、原因、條件、讓步、目的等等各種從句。1. Call my secretary if you dont find me at the canteen. 打電話給我的秘書，如果你在餐廳找不到我。_2. He could not know everything unless he were God. 他不會什麼都知道，除非他是神。_3. You can beat him, if you try._4. Please turn off the light when you leave the room._5. They set him free when his ransom had not yet been paid._6. Pure iron is not used in industry because it is too soft._7. We had to put the meeting off since so many people were absent._8. We should start early so that we might get there before noon._9. Ill never give in, no matter what happens._10. Well let you use the room on condition that you will keep it clean and tidy._練習1. Because he was convinced of the accuracy of this fact, he stuck to his opinion.2. The crops filed because the season was dry.3. You can drive tonight if you are ready.4. If one of them dares to lay his little finger on me as we go out, I wont answer for what Ill be doing.5. She sang as she prepared Matts supper.正反、反正表達法英語和漢語中均有從正面或反面來表達一種概念的現象。翻譯時英語裡有些從正面表達的詞或句子，譯文中可以從反面來表達；英語裡有些從反面表達的詞或句子，譯文中又可從正面來表達。1. Look, three boats are coming this way. Dont you see t