不定式和状语从句.docx

动 词 不 定 式不定式：to + 动词原形知识梳理：提纲挈领，抓住重点和难点！动词不定式的基本形式是“to + 动词原形”，有时可以不带to。动词不定式（或不定式短语）没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语。动词不定式仍可保留动词的特点，即可以有自己的宾语和状语。动词不定式同它的宾语或状语构成不定式短语。如：to read the newspaper, to speak at the meeting 等动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此在句子中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语： 句法作用 例 句 作宾语She wanted to borrowed my radio.They began to read and write. 作状语She went to see her grandma last Sunday .He came to give us a talk yesterday.作宾语补足语Lucy asked him to turn off the radio.She asked me to speak more loudlyJim told Ling Feng to go home at once .The father made his son study hard. 作定语Have you got anything to say?I had something to eat this morning .作主语To learn a foreign language is not easy.注：作主语用的动词不定式常常为it替代，动词不定式（或短语）放在后面。例如： It is not easy to learn a foreign language. It took us three days to do the work.动词不定式的否定形式由“not+动词不定式”构成. 如:Tell him not to be late.The policeman told the boys not to play in the street.4) 不定式省去to的情况: 在感官动词see，watch，look at，hear， listen to，feel和使役动词make，have，let等所接的宾语中（不定式做宾语不足语），不定式应省去to。但是在被动语态中不能省。如：Let me listen to you sing the song.He watched his son play computer games.I saw him run away.-He was seen to run away.The boss make the workers work the whole night.-The workers were made to work the whole night.5) 动词不定式和疑问词连用 动词不定式可以和疑问词what ,which, how, where, when 等连用，构成不定式短语。如： The question is when to start. I dont know where to go . He showed me how to use a computer. What to do is a big problem.例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！翻译下列句子，说出句中不定式的作用：1. To grow plants is very important.2. It is so nice to hear your voice.3. My dream is to be a pilot.4. He began to read and write at the age of five.5. The teacher asked me to speak more loudly.6. Tom came to see me last night.7. I am glad to see you.8.Have you got anything to say?9.There are many places to see in China.10.I asked him not to open the window.11. I dont know what to buy for you.12. I saw him dance.13. He often helps me clean the room.14. They are too shy to speak English.15. He was lucky enough to find his watch.16. I want you to go there together with me.解析：1、To grow plants做主语；2、to hear your voice做主语；3、to be a pilot作表语；4、to read and write作宾语；5、to speak more loudly作宾语补足语；6、to see me作状语；7、to see you作状语；8、to say作定语；9、to see作定语；10、not to open the window作宾语补足语；11、what to buy作宾语；12、dance作宾语补足语（省略to）；13、clean the room作宾语补足语（省略to）；14、to speak English作状语；15、to find his watch作状语；16、to go there together with me作宾语补足语。练习与巩固：熟能生巧，取得好成绩！选择最佳答案填空：1. Tell him _ the light. A. to turn B. not to turn on C. to not turn D. not to turn2. It took us more than two hours _ the dinner. A. prepare B. preparing C. to prepare D. to be prepared3. We felt the earth _. A. move B. moveing C. to move D. be moved4. The students were made _ the text ten times. A. read B. reading C. to read D. to be read5. The chair looks rather hard _, but in fact it is very comfortable. A. to sit B. to sit on C. sitting D. sit6. Nobody knows _next. A. what to do B. to do what C. which to do D. how to do7. It is very important _ us _these words. A. to, to remember B. for, to remember C. for, remember D. for, remembering8. _ English well, one must have a lot practice. A. For speaking B. Speaking C. To speak D. Speak9. Im going to the library _ the books. A. return B. borrow C. to return D. to lend10. We went to town _ some shopping. A. doing B. did C. to make D. to do11. The funny story _ me laugh. A. make B. making C. to make D. made12. After the final exam, I think all the students want _. A. stop to have a rest B. to stop having a rest C. to stop to have a rest D. stopping to have a rest13. It is very kind _ you to help me with my housework. It is hard _me to do all the work. A. of, for B. for, of C. of, to D. to, for14. Many people think it very difficult _ English. A. to say B. to learn C. speak D. for speaking15. The teacher asked the students _ her _ the word again. A. listen to; to read B. to hear; say C. to listen to; speak D. to listen to; pronounce16.Remember _ the book here tomorrow. A. bring B. to bring C. take D. to take17. -Lets have a rest, shall we? - Not now. I dont want to stop _ the letter yet. A. write B. to write C. writing D. and write18. -This physics problem is too difficult. Can you show me _, Wang Lin? - Sure. A. what to work it out B. what to work out it C. how to work it out D. how to work out it19.- How can I improve my spoken English? - You have to practise _ as much as you can. A. speak B. speaking C. spoken D. to speak20. - How about going hiking this weekend? - Sorry. I prefer _ rather than _. A. to stay at home, go out B. to go out, stay at home C. staying at home, go out D. going out, stay at home状 语 从 句 状语从句在复合句中作状语，修饰动词、形容词或副词等。状语从句可以表示时间、条件、原因、地点、目的、结果、让步、方式、比较等意义。知识梳理：提纲挈领，抓住重点和难点！ 各类状语从句连接词（短语）一览表：时间when, while, as, as soon as, since, until, after, before条件If, unless原因As, because, since地点Where目的So that, in order that结果So that, sothat, suchthat让步though, although, even if, however方式As 比较than, (not)asas, 时间状语从句：Whenever he comes, he brings a friend. 他每次来都带个朋友。条件状语从句：As long as I am alive, I will go on studying. 只要我活着， 我就要学习。原因状语从句：Since we live near the sea, we enjoy nice weather.由于我们住在海边，能享受到好的天气。地点状语从句：Put it where we can all see it.把它放在我们都能看到的位置。目的状语从句：Finish this so that you can start another.把这个做完，你可以开始另一个。结果状语从句：He was so angry that he couldnt say a word. 他气得说不出话了。让步状语从句：Though he is in poor health, he works hard.虽然他身体不好，但是他工作很努力。方式状语从句：Students do as the teachers say.学生们按照老师说的去做。比较状语从句：The work isnt as easy as I thought.这项工作比我想象得难。例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！易混引导词while, when, as的区别： when既可以指“时间点”,与瞬间动词连用，也可以指“时间段”，与延续性动词连用（=while）。如：When he came in, his mother was cooking.When (While) we were at school, we went to the library every day.While表示时间段,因此，while 从句的谓语动词要用延续性动词。如：Please dont talk so loud while others are working.As与when用法相似，但着重强调主句动作与从句动作同时发生，有“随着”或“一边一边”之意。如：As you get older, you get more knowledge.随着年龄的增长，你获得的知识就越多。2Because,as,since 的区别：Because用于表示直接原因,回答why提出的问题，语气最强；As用于说明原因, 着重点在主句，常译成“由于”；since表示显然的或已知的理由或事实，常译成“既然”。如：Water is very important because we cant live without it.He didnt come yesterday as his mother was ill.Ill do it for you since you are busy.3suchthat, sothat, so that 引导结果状语从句的区别：such是形容词，修饰名词; so 是副词，修饰形容词或副词。其结构如下：1) such + a (n)+ 形容词+单数可数名词+that2) such+形容词+复数可数名词+that 3) such +形容词+不可数名词+that。如：This was such a good film that I went to see it several times.It was such good books that they sell well.It was such bad weather that I had to stay at home.He spoke so fast that I couldnt follow him.He is such a lovely boy that we all like him.=He is so lovely a boy that we all like him.注：在“形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词”结构中，当名词前有many, much, few, little表示数量的多少时，名词前用so。如：She made so many mistakes that she didnt pass the exam.练习与巩固：熟能生巧，取得好成绩！选择合适的连接词，完成下列句子。1.Jim spends a lot of money on books_he is not rich. 2.Kate fell into sleep _she was listening to the music.3.-Is David at school today? -No. He is at home _he has a bad cold.4.We wont have supper _my mother comes back.5.Speak t