定 语 从 句.doc

定 语 从 句 修饰某一名词或代词的作定语的从句叫做定语从句。定语从句所修饰的词叫_。 定语从句放在先行词_。引导定语从句的词是_ ，有关系代词that、which、who、 which、 whose和关系副词where 、when。连接词在定语从句中担当某一成份。关系代词的作用：先行词指物时， 关系代词用that 或which（在句中作主语或宾语）。如：China is a country which / that has a large population.The computer game which/ that he is playing is his favorite.I spent a lot of money buying the house which is beautiful and comfortable.The time which I will remember for ever is unforgettable.先行词指人时， 关系代词用（who）作主语或宾语，whom (作宾语)，whose (作定语)，that (作主语或宾语)。 如：The man who is mending the machine has been retired.This is the policeman who/ whom they were talking about yesterday.I like the girl whose mother is an actor.注意：引导词as 1) 引导限定性的定语从句。当先行词受such, the same修饰时，常用as引导定语从句。如： This is the same book as I lost last week. 这本书和我昨天丢掉的书一样。 I have never heard such a story as he tells. 我从未听他说过这样的故事。重点提示 当先行次由the same修饰时，偶尔也用that引导定语从句，但是表示同样一件物或人。而as表示“象一样的”。比较：She wore the same dress that she wore at Marys wedding. 她穿着她在玛丽婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。（是同一件）She wore the same dress as her young sister wore. 她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。（不是同一件，只是相似）关系副词的作用： The time which I will remember for ever is unforgettable.The time when I stayed together with you is unforgettable.定语从句分类：1） 限制性定语从句：限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确：The man in the group is my brother.The man who wears a red sweater is my brother.限制性定语从句只能用that的几种情况1) 当先行词是anything, everything, nothing (something 除外), few, all, none, little, so等代词时，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时只能用that。如： Have you taken down everything that the teacher has said? 你记下老师所说的话吗？Li Ning is one of the world-famous gymnasts that gets the most gold medals.李宁是世界上取得金牌最多的著名体操运动员之一。注意 one of + 复数名词 +关系代词构成的定语从句中谓语动词要用复数；当先行词前有the (only) 修饰时定语从句的谓语用单数。比较： Li Ming is the only one of the students that wants to be teachers in our class. 李明是班上唯一一个想当老师的学生。Li Ming is one of the students that want to be teachers in our class.李明是班上想当老师的学生中的一个。2) 当先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰。如： The first man that she turned to in trouble is her boyfriend.她在困难时求助的第一个人便是男友。 This is the best film that I have seen. 这是我看得最好的电影。3) 当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词放在开头时为防止混淆时。如： Who is the man that is standing there? 站在那里的那个人是谁？ Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? 哪一件是最适合我穿的T恤衫?4) 当先行词既有人，也有事或物时。如：Can you remember the men and the things that talked in our high school?你记得我们上学时谈论的那些人和事吗？2）非限制性定语从句 1. 非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。如：His father, who works in Beijing, will come next week.His brother who works in Beijing will come next wee.2.当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。译成汉语时可以放后充当补充说明部分。如： Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。 The film, which was made by the famous director Zhan Yimou, is a hit on today paper.那部电影是今天的报纸的热点，它是由著名导演张艺谋主导的。 This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching.这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。 as, which引导定语从句as which代指整个句子而不是先行词来引导一个定语从句 1. which 引导的非限定性定语从句可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。如： The sun heats the earth, which（and this）is very important to us. Many factory poured the polluted water into the river, which cause the serious pollution. 2as 引导非限制性从句，常含有“正如”的意思。如： As we know, no pains no gains. 正如我们都知道的那样，不劳无获。 Mary finally married her lovers, as is expected by all. 正如我们所盼望的那样，最终玛丽和他所爱的人结婚了。典例链接 The Beatles, _ many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool. A. what B. that C. how D. as (2006天津) The owner of the cinema needed to make a lot of improvements and employ more people to keep it running, _ meant spending tens of thousands of pounds.A. who B. that C. as D. which (2006江苏卷) You can find whatever you need at the shopping center, _ is always busy at the weekend.A. that B. where C. what D. which (2006上海春) Jim passed the driving test, _ surprised every body in the office. A. which B. that C. this D. It （2005年浙江）_ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan. A. Which B. When C. What D. As (2004江苏) _ is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress. A. It B. As C. That D. What (2004北京) 解析 D。考查定语从句。此处是as引导的非限制性定语从句，表示“正如”, as 在从句中作remember 的宾语。D。 which引导非限制性定语从句，which代表前面整个句子，意思是“整修电影院和雇员工要花费成千上万英镑。”D。which作主语，指shopping center, 周末购物中心很忙。 A。 which 引导的非限制性定语从句修饰前面整个句子。而that, this是指示代词，it 是人称代词，不可引导定语从句。D。非限制性定语从句。 先行词是后面整个一句话。 B。非限制性定语从句。 先行词是后面整个一句话，并且放在句首。3as 和which的区别1）as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。比较：The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.太阳给地球热量，这对我们是很重要。（对）Which is very important to us，the sun heats the earth.（错） As we know, no pains no gains.（对） No pains no gains, as we know.（对） 2） as表示“正如；和一样”，从句中的谓语动词一般时系动词；which后可跟行为动词，有“使得”的含义。典例链接It rained hard yesterday, _ prevented me from going to the park.A. that B. which C. as D. it解析B。as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。在本题中，prevent由于是行为动词，所以正确选项应为B。定语从句40题专练一、 判断下列句子正误并改正：1.Thisisthefactorywherewevisitedlastweek. 2.Thisisthewatchforwhichtomislooking. 3.Thepersontowhoyouspokeisastudentofgradetwo. 4.Thehouseinthatweliveisverysmall. 5.Thesungivesofflightandwarmth,thatmakesitpossibleforplantstogrow. 6.Ivereadallthebookswhichiborrowedfromthelibrary. 7.Thisisthebestfilmwhichihaveeverseen. 8.Myfatherandmr.smithtalkedaboutthingsandpersonswhotheyrememberedinthecountry. 9.Everythingwhichwesawwasofgreatinterest. 10.Hisdog,thatwasnowveryold,becameillanddied. 11.Thereasonwhichhedidntgotoschoolisthathewasill. 12.Thosewhowantstogowithmeputupyourhands. 13.Theboy,hismotherdiedlastyear,studiesveryhard. 14.Ihavetwosisters,bothofthemaredoctors. 15.Weregoingtovisittheschoolwhereyourbrotherworksthere. 16.HeistheonlyoneofthestudentswhohavebeeninvitedtotheEnglishevening. 17.Thatisthewaywhichtheywork. 18.Thosehavequestionscanasktheteachersforadvice. 19.Whoisthemanwhohaswhitehairs? 20.Illneverforgetthedayswhichwehadagood time togetheratthesea.二、单选题：1. Dont talk about such things of _ you are not sure.A. which B. what C. as D. those2. Is this the factory _ you visited the other day?A. that B. where C. in which D. the one3. Is this factory _ some foreign friends visited last Friday?A. that B. where C. which D. the one4. Is this the factory _ he worked ten years ago?A. that B. where C. which D. the one5. Thats the new machine _ parts are too small to be seen. A. that B. which C. whose D. what （2010山东）6. Ill tell you _ he told me last week.A. all which B. that C. all that D. which7. That tree, _ branches are almost bare, is very old.A. whose B. of which C. in which D. on which8. I have bought the same dress _ she is wearing.A. as B. that C. which D. what9. He failed in the examination, _ made his father very angry.A. which B. it C. that D. what10. Were talking about the piano and the pianist _ were in the concert we attended last night.A. which B. whom C. who D. that11. The girl _ an English song in the next room is Toms sister.A. who is singing B. is singingC. sang D. was singing12. Those _ not only from books but also through practice will succeed.A. learn B. who C. that learns D. who learn13. Anyone _ this opinion may speak out.A. that againsts B. that againstC. who is against D. who are against14. Didnt you see the man _?A. I nodded just now B. whom I nodded just nowC. I nodded to him just now D. I nodded to just now15. Can you lend me the novel _ the other day?A. that you talked B. you talked about itC. which you talked with D. you talked about16. Is there anything _ to you?A. that is belonged B. that belongsC. that belong D. which belongs17. - “How do you like the book?”- “Its quite different from _ I read last month.”A. that B. which C. the one D. the one what18. Mr. Zhang gave the textbook to all the pupils except _ who had already taken them.A. the ones B. ones C. some D. the others19. The train _ she was traveling was late.A. which B. where C. on which D. in that20. He has lost the key to the drawer _ the papers are kept.A. where B. in which C. under which D. which21. Antarctic _ we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year round.A. which B. where C. that D. about which22. Its the third time _ late this month.A. that you arrived B. when you arrivedC. that youve arrived D. when youve arrived23. May the fourth is the day _ we Chinese people will never forget.A. which B. when C. on which D. about which24. We are going to spend the Spring Festival in Guangzhou, _ live my grandparents and some relatives.A. which B. that C. who D. where25. The hotel _ during our holidays stands by the seaside.A. we stayed at B. where we stayed atC. we stayed D. in that we stayed26. Under the bridge, however, almost directly below, _ was a small canoe, with a boy in it.A. there B. where C. it D. which27. He is not _ a fool _.A. such, as he is looked B. such, as he looksC. as, as he is looked D. so, as he looks28. Is that the reason _ you are in favour of the proposal?A. which B. what C. why D. for that29. He must be from Africa, _ can be seen from his skin.A. that B. as C. who D. what30. He has two sons, _ work as chemists.A. two of whom B. both of whomC. both of which D. all of