宾语从句--李颖娜.docx

宾语从句l 作动词的宾语Eg : Everybody knows that he was a teacher.(由连接词引导) 大家都知道，物质占有空间。Eg: He wondered how the pyramids were built.(由连接副词引导) 他想知道金字塔是怎么建成的。1. 常与连接词that引导的宾语从句的动词有：admit承认 agree同意 answer回答 believe相信 command命令 complain抱怨 confess供认 decide决定 declare宣布 demand要求 deny否认 doubt怀疑 dream梦想 expect期望 explain解释 feel认为 hear听说 hope希望 imagine想象 intend打算 insist坚持 know知道 mean意指 notice注意到 prefer宁愿 order命令 propose提议 reply回答 report报告 request请求 require要求 say说 see看到 suggest建议 suppose假如 think认为 urge催促 wish希望 understand明白2. 常与疑问代词和疑问副词以及whetherif引导宾语从句的动词有： advice忠告 ask询问 discover发现 discuss讨论 doubt怀疑 find out查明 image想象 inquire询问 know知道 question询问 show展示 tell告诉 understand明白 wonder想知道3. 上述动词中，有的经常或可以跟有一个“间接宾语+宾语从句”结构。其中，有些动词如tell，inform, remind, show, teach不可省略简介宾语只跟从句。Eg: He told me where he lived.他告诉了我他的住处。有些动词如promise, advise, ask, assure, question, warn则可省略简介宾语只跟从句。Eg: I promise (him)that i would give him more help.我对他保证将给他更多的帮助。l 作介词的宾语Eg: This depends on how hard you work 这要取决于你工作的如何努力。 Eg: Is there anything wrong in what I said?我讲的话里有什么错吗？【注】1. that引导的宾语从句除有时可以和介词in，except，but，beside等构成固定用法外，不能用作其他介词的宾语。Eg: Men differ from brutes in that they can speak and think.(在于这一点)Eg: The meal was very good except that the fish was a bit too salty,（除了这一点）Eg: Besides that I am a football fan,I also like travelling.2. 有时我们会碰到“介词+it+that”结构。这是it可被看作是that从句的先行词Eg: You may depend on it that they will suppot you.你放心，他们会支持你的。Eg: Ill see to it that everything is ready in time.我将负责按时做好一切准备。有个别动词也用这种结构“动词+it+that”，但是将此看成习惯用法。Eg: I take it that they will succeed.我想他们会成功的。Eg: The newspapers have it that that firm is almost bankrupt. 据报道，那家公司几乎破产了。l 作动态形容词的宾语有些动态形容词如sure，certain，afraid，confident等用作表语时，可跟一个意义上相当于宾语的名词从句。Eg: They are confident that they can do the job well.他们确信能够做好那个工作。Eg: I am not certain whether the train will arrive on time. 我没有把握火车时候会准时到达 l 要注意的问题1、 宾语从句引导词that的省略 在非正是场合下，that在引导的宾语从句时，可以省去 Eg: I think (that)you are right.我认为你是对的。 Eg: He said （that） he would come. 他说他回来。 但在正是场合，特别是在表示建议要求的从句中，一般不可省去2、 形式宾语it 如果宾语从句后面跟有补语，要用形式宾语it来代替，而将从句放到补语的后面。Eg: He has made it clear that the meeting will no be postponed. 他说的很清楚这个会议将不会推迟Eg: I heard it said that this factory was founded in 1901. 我听说这家工厂是1901年创建的。3、 宾语从句时态呼应 如果主句的谓语是过去时，宾语从句的时态要按照时态呼应规则进行相应的调整。但是若宾语从句表示的是客观真理或自然现象，其谓语时态则仍用一般现在时。Eg: He said he had left his umbrella in the library.他说把三忘在图书馆了。Eg: The teacher told the students that the Pacific Ocean is the largest ocean in the world. 老师告诉学生太平洋是世界上最大的海洋。4、 宾语从句否定意义的转移 在think，believe，suppose，expect等动词所跟的宾语中，如果从句谓语是否定的，一般要将否定词not转移至主句谓语上去，从而将从句宾语变为肯定形式。Eg:I dont think he has time to play football games with you. 我想他没空陪你踢足球。5、 插入句 插入句是插入语的以中国。所谓插入句是指句中所含的插入语是一个主谓结构。之所以在讨论宾语从句时介绍插入句概念，是因为插入句与宾语从句之间存在较为密切的练习，若将插入句移至句首，可充当句子的主谓语，而原先的句子就成了宾语从句。Eg: This plan, I admit, is impractical.I admit (that) this plan is impractical. 我承认这个计划部切合实际。Eg: You are wrong about it, I am afraid.Im afraid you are wrong about it. 我想在这个问题上你错了。能够充当插入句的主要hi一些表达思想和内容的主谓结构以及部分可接宾语从句的系表结构。常见的有：i admit. I believe. I discover. I fear. I hope. I remember. I suppose. I think. I am afraid. Im sure. You see. You know. It is said. It is evident.等。6、 插入语疑问句 和插入相关的是插入语疑问句。当我们要对宾语从句中的有关信息进行提问时，通常要用一“插入语疑问句”。该结构与所询问信息有关的疑问词开头，主句的谓语成分变成插入语。 Eg: I think that john will arrive at five oclock.When do you think john will arrive? Eg: They said that they had cleaned the classroom.What did they say they had done? 使用该结构时，要注意两个问题：1.虽然询问的是宾语从句的信息，但是只需要将插入语部分倒装，而宾语从句仍用陈述句；2.必须根据所提问的内容选用适当的疑问词，特别是当问及的内容是人的时候须确定用who（在从句中充当主语），还是用whom（在从句中充当宾语）Eg: We believe that Peter will be given the prize. Who do you believe will be given the prize? (提问从句主语)Eg: They expected that the teacher wouldnt criticize Lucy. Whom did they expect the teacher wouldnt criticize. (提问从句宾语)7、 宾语从句的替代 在hope，believe，imagine，suppose，guess，think等动词以及Im afraid等表达法的后面，可用so代替一个宾语从句，该宾语从