高考英语阅读理解精英系列练习题（15）.doc

2014高考英语阅读理解精英系列练习题（15）及答案阅读（共两节，25题，满分50分）第一节: 阅读理解 （共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）【广东省揭阳一中2013第三次模拟】athis is a subject that has long attracted psychologists and philosophers. most of the time, people are not completely honest. we do things that society expects us to and say things that help us get what we want. but laughing cannot be controlled. when we laugh, we tell the truth about ourselves. by december 2001 over 10, 000 jokes had been submitted. this gave the scientists enough evidence to make early conclusions. it seems that men and women do have different senses of humour, for instance.“our findings show the major differences in the ways in which males and females use humour, ” said dr. wiseman. “males use humour to appear superior to others, while women are more skilled in languages and prefer word play. ”researchers also found that there really is such a thing as a national sense of humour. the british enjoy what is usually called “toilet humour”. but the french like their jokes short and sharp: “youre a high priced lawyer. will you answer two questions for $500?” “yes. whats the second question?”the germans are famous for not having a sense of humour. but the survey found that german participants were more likely to find submitted jokes funny than any other nationality. perhaps that proves the point. is this joke funny? i dont know, but lets say yes, just to be safe.dr wiseman and his workmates also submitted jokes created by computer. but none of those who took part in the survey found any of them amusing. perhaps this is relief. computers already seem like they can do everything. at least they should leave the funny stuff to us.26. scientist started “ the laugh lab” project_a. to find the funniest joke in european countriesb. to know what funny people are like from different nations and culturesc. to find out the differences between the male and female sense of humourd. to get more personal details about participants29. the writer gave the examples of the british, the french and the germans_.a. to show thane french people have a better sense of humourb. to prove the british people have a sense of “toilet humour”c. to show people from different nations have different senses of humourd. to prove that the germans have no sense of humour30. what is the best title for the passage? a. funny or not? b. laugh louder! c. men laugh better. d. watch out for the trap in jokes!【参考答案】cbac 2012山东卷 文化教育类bone of the greatest contributors to the first oxford english dictionary was also one of its most unusual. in 1879, oxford university in england asked prof. james murray to serve as editor for what was to be the most ambitious dictionary in the history of the english language. it would include every english word possible and would give not only the definition but also the history of the word and quotations(引文)showing how it was used. this was a huge task, so murray had to find volunteers from britain, the united states, and the british colonies to search every newspaper, magazine, and book ever written in english. hundreds of volunteers responded, including william chester minor. dr. minor was an american surgeon who had served in the civil war and was now living in england. he gave his address as “broadmoor, crowthorne, berkshire，” 50 miles from oxford. minor joined the army of volunteers sending words and quotations to murray. over the next 17 years, he became one of the staffs most valued contributors. but he was also a mystery. in spite of many invitations, he would always decline to visit oxford. so in 1897, murray finally decided to travel to crowthorne himself. when he arrived, he found minor locked in a booklined cell at the broadmoor asylum(精神病院)for the criminally insane. murray and minor became friends, sharing their love of words. minor continued contributing to the dictionary, sending in more than 10,000 submissions in 20 years. murray continued to visit minor regularly, sometimes taking walks with him around the asylum grounds. in 1910, minor left broadmoor for an asylum in his native america. murray was at the port to wave goodbye to his remarkable friend.minor died in 1920, seven years before the first edition of the oxford english dictionary was completed. the 12 volumes defined 414,825 words, and thousands of them were contributions from a very scholarly and devoted asylum patient.61. according to the text, the first oxford english dictionary _.a. came out before minor diedb. was edited by an american volunteerc. included the english words invented by murrayd. was intended to be the most ambitious english dictionary62. how did dr. minor contribute to the dictionary?a. he helped murray to find hundreds of volunteers.b. he sent newspapers, magazines and books to murray.c. he provided a great number of words and quotations.d. he went to england to work with murray. 63. why did dr. minor refuse to visit oxford?a. he was shut in an asylum. b. he lived far from oxford.c. he was busy writing a book. d. he disliked traveling. 64. prof. murray and dr. minor became friends mainly because _.a. they both served in the civil warb. they had a common interest in wordsc. minor recovered with the help of murrayd. murray went to america regularly to visit minor65. which of the following best describes dr. minor?a. brave and determined. b. cautious and friendly.c. considerate and optimistic. d. unusual and scholarly. 66. what does the text mainly talk about?a. the history of the english language.b. the friendship between murray and minor.c. minor and the first oxford english dictionary.d. broadmoor asylum and its patients. 【要点综述】这是一篇记叙文。文章叙述了第一本牛津字典的编写过程，以及minor对字典的编写工作所作出的巨大贡献。61. d细节理解题。从最后一段的“minor died in 1920, seven years before the first edition of the oxford english dictionary was completed.”看出a选项是不正确的；从第二段的“murray had to find volunteers from britain , the united states, and the british colonies to search every newspaper, magazine, and book ever written in english. hundreds of volunteers responded, including william chester minor. dr. minor was an american surgeon who had served in the civil war and was now living in england.”看出牛津字典是集体智慧的结晶；由第一段最后一句中“it would include every english word possible”可知，c项不正确。故选d。62. c细节理解题。从第三段的“minor joined the army of volunteers sending words and quotations to murray”看出，minor提供了大量词汇和引文。故选c。63. a细节理解题。从第四段的“murray finally decided to travel to crowthorne himself. when he arrived, he found minor locked in a booklined cell at the broadmoor asylum for the criminally insane.”看出，是由于minor患精神病被关进医院里，所以没有办法去牛津。故选a。64. b细节理解题。从第二段minor自愿加入编字典这个活动可知，他对此很感兴趣，与murray有着共同的兴趣，再从文章倒数第三段的“murray and minor became friends, sharing their love of words. minor continued contributing to the dictionary, sending in more than 10,000 submissions in 20 years.”可找到答案。故选b。65. d推理判断题。根据文章中minor在患精神病住院期间还坚持字典的编写工作看出他的不寻常；从文章倒数第三段的“minor continued contributing to the dictionary, sending in more than 10,000 submissions in 20 years.”看出他的学者风范。故选d。66. c主旨大意题。文章一开始主要介绍由来自英国、美国和英国殖民地的志愿者参加牛津字典的编写工作，后半部分主要写编者minor对字典的编写工作所作出的巨大贡献。故选c。文化教育类2012全国卷 cfacial expressions carry meaning that is determined by situations and relationships. for example, in american culture (文化) the smile is in general an expression of pleasure. yet it also has other uses. a womans smile at a police officer does not carry the same meaning as the smile she gives to a young child. a smile may show love or politeness. it can also hide true feelings. it often causes confusion(困惑) across cultures. for example, many people in russia consider smiling at strangers in public to be unusual and even improper. yet many americans smile freely at strangers in public places(although this is less common in big cities). some russians believe that americans smile in the wrong places; some americans believe that russians dont smile enough. in southeast asian cultures, a smile is frequently used to cover painful feelings. vietnamese people may tell a sad story but end the story with a smile.our faces show emotions(情感), but we should not attempt to “read” people from another culture as we would “read” someone from our own culture. the fact that members of one culture do not express their emotions as openly as do members of another does not mean that they do not experience emotions. rather, there are cultural differences in the amount of facial expressiveness permitted. for example, in public and in formal situations many japanese do not show their emotions as freely as americans do. when with friends, japanese and americans seem to show their emotions similarly. it is difficult to generalize about americans and facial expressiveness because of personal and cultural differences in the united states. people from certain cultural backgrounds in the united states seem to be more facially expressive than others. the key is to try not to judge people whose ways of showing emotion are different. if we judge according to our own cultural habits, we may make the mistake of “reading” the other person incorrectly.49what does the smile usually mean in the us.?alove. bpoliteness.cjoy. dthankfulness.50the author mentions the smile of the vietnamese to prove that a smile can _.ashow friendliness to strangersbbe used to hide true feelingscbe used in the wrong placesdshow personal habits51what should we do before attempting to “read” people?alearn about their relations with others.bunderstand their cultural backgrounds.cfind out about their past experience.dfigure out what they will do next.52what would be the best title for the text?acultural differencesbsmiles and relationshipscfacial expressivenessdhabits and emotions【要点综述】本文主要介绍了不同的文化背景下，不同国家的人们在运用面部表情的时候也有着很大的差异，因此，我们在判断他人面部表情的含义的时候，不要以自己的文化背景为根据，这样会做出错误的判断。49. c细节理解题。根据第一段的“for example, in american culture (文化) the smile is in general an expression of pleasure.”可知在美国，微笑一般表示的是“高兴”的意思。a项表示“爱”；b项“有礼貌”，是一些特殊情况下的含义；d项表示“感谢”，没有这个信息。50. b推理判断题。结合第一段的最后一句话“vietnamese people may tell a sad story but end the story with a smile.” 提到了越南人以微笑来结束一个悲伤的故事，是掩饰真实情感的例子，故选b。a项“对陌生人友好”，是美国人的做法；c项“微笑会在错误的地方使用”；d项表示“个人的习惯”；均与原文信息不符。51. b细节理解题。根据最后一段的最后一句话“if we judge according to our own cultural habits, we may make the mistake of reading the other person incorrectly.”可知在理解他人的面部表情的时候，首先要懂得他们的文化背景，不能以自己的文化来理解他人的面部表情。a“了解与他人的关系”；c“找出他们过去的经历”；d“预测他们下一步将做什么”；均与原文信息不符。52. c标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了在不同的文化背景下，人们的面部表情传达的意思不同，以美国人和世界各地其他不同国家的人们在面部表情表达方式的不同为例，说明了我们在理解他人表情的时候，不要以自己的文化背景为基础，因此选c。a“文化差别”；b“微笑与关系”；d“习惯与感情”；均不是文章的主题。【广东省揭阳一中2013第三次模拟】btraditional fairytales are being abandoned by parents because they are too scary for their young children, a study found.research revealed one in five parents has ditched old classics such as snow white and the seven dwarves and rapunzel in favour of more modern books. one third of parents said their children have been left in tears after hearing the horrible details of little red riding hood. and nearly half of mothers and fathers refuse to read rumplestiltskin to their kids as the themes of the story are kidnapping and execution. similarly, goldilocks and the three bears was also a tale likely to be left on the book shelf as parents felt it forgives stealing.the survey of 2,000 adults was conducted to mark the launch of the hit us drama grimm, which starts tonight at 9pm on watch, and sees six episodes based on traditional fairytales. the poll found a quarter of parents polled wouldnt consider reading a fairytale to their child until they had reached the age of five, as they prompt too many awkward questions from their offspring. steve hornsey, general manager ofwatch, said: “bedtime stories are supposed to soothe children and send them off to sleep soundly. but as we see in grimm, fairytales can be dark and dramatic tales so its understandable that parents worry about reading them to young children.”“as adults we can see the innocence in fairytales, but a five year old with an over active imagination could